Units Of Water Treatment Plant Research Articles

Performance Evaluation and Water Quality Index Analysis for Qandil Water Treatment Plant

Water treatment plant (WTP) is essential for supplying water with the accepted quality to the consumer. There is a necessity to evaluate the performance of WTP for proper treatment of raw water. The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of Qandil WTP units, Erbil City, Iraq. For assessment the WTP units, water samples were collected from raw water, after clarification, after filtration, and storage tank. Removal efficiencies for the clarifiers, filtration unit, storage tank, and the whole WTP were calculated and presented. Obtained removal efficiencies for the sedimentation unit, filtration unit, after disinfection, and the entire Qandil WTP were 85.13 %, 90.50 %, 31.9, and 99.178 %, respectively. In addition, water quality index (WQI) for the WTP was studied. WQI assessment was made by testing 13 physicochemical water quality such as turbidity, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved salts etc... It has been found that turbidity, electrical conductivity, total alkalinity, and total hardness have more influence on drinking water quality. WQI for Qandil WTP was 41.59 and it regarded as excellent level.

Design of Water Supply Scheme for Bisur Village

Abstract: In order to meet the water demand of the continuously growing population of Bisur village and failure of current water supply system it is essential to provide the sufficient and uniform quantity of water through the design of various units of water treatment plant, so for design work we have collected information of proposed area like Main water source, Population, Demand of water, quality of water, distribution network and water tanks etc. from MJP (Maharashtra Jeevan Prabhakaran) and local authorities. After analysed above data we calculated (i) Future population (ii) Water characteristics (iii)Design Period (iv)Water demand [101 LPCD]. After conducting and analysis of survey data we proposed an efficient new alignment for water distribution system and we designed various units of water treatment plant like Aeration, Alum Tank, Tube settler, Rapid Gravity filter, rising main, Jack Well, Sump etc. This proposed design of the water supply scheme for proper supply of water is sufficient to meet the daily requirement of water in selected area. Keywords: RRWS, ESR, Water Demand, MJP, WTP, Population

Design of Water Treatment Plant for Al-Bsaber City

Abstract: Water treatment is a process of changing the quality for potable drinking water & domestic uses. This water treatment plant is designed for the city of Al-Bsaber. The supply of water comes from the Nile river, which passes near the city and extends across many countries. The treated water will be supplied to the residents of Al-Bsaber and the treatment plant is designed for 36 years. The treatment units of water treatment plant (WTP) were designed with step-by-step calculations and according to the quality of the water the future population of Al-Bsaber city from 2022 to 2058 was projected as 37736 and the average discharge for the population of 36years was estimated as 4339.6 m3 /d. The detailed calculations and drawings were displayed, the results of each unit of WTP were tabulated. It is concluded that it is possible to use this work as a source for other WTP units to build. The removal performance of the WTP units was significantly affected by a variety of factors, such as the age of WTP, repair, economic and political circumstances, technical problems, and water demand. Keywords: Water treatment plant; design calculation; treatment units; water demand; water supply.

Optimization of ACH Coagulant, Settling Time and Powdered Activated Carbon as Coagulant Aid with Economic Analysis

<p>Regular water treatment-plant (WTP) comprises of a number of units. Of course, problems exist throughout design and operation of the WTP units. Consequently, the current re-search aimed to minimize the shortcomings of the coagulation, sedimentation, and the adsorption methods through applying optimal process for these units. Additionally, eco-nomic analysis and the derivation mathematical models for the new coagulant (Aluminum Chlorohydrate (ACH)) and the traditional aluminum sulphate coagulant (Alum) were an-other objective of this work. Optimum coagulants for alum and ACH were obtained and presented for different raw water turbidities. The optimum settling time of 30 minutes and 40 minutes have been found for the settling of 1000 and 2000 NTU raw water sam-ples. Best dosages of 0.1 and 0.25 g/L of powdered actived carbon (PAC) were obtained for raw water turbidity of 419, and 1000 NTU which increased the removal efficiency of 28.95%, and 25.71%, respectively. Furthermore, the economic study for alum and ACH revealed that using ACH instead of alum led to reduction of cost by 32%. Commonly, it can be concluded that using ACH instead of alum is better because it is cheaper and more efficient. The predicted equations for the optimum dosages (Y) for alum (mg/L) and ACH (µl/L) dosages (X) were Y= 0.04 X + 14.42, and Y = 0.01 X + 0.72, respectively.</p>

Molecular surveillance of human rotaviruses in drinking water and investigation of the efficiency of their removal in Isfahan water treatment plant.

Enteric viruses, especially human rotaviruses present in aquatic environments, are microbial criteria in quality assessment of water resources. The present research aimed to investigate molecular monitoring of human rotavirus and efficacy evaluation of Isfahan water treatment plant (WTP) in the elimination of viruses. In total, 60 water samples were collected from different units of WTP. Zeta plus electropositive Virosorb cartridge filter and elution buffer was used for concentrating water samples. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for detecting rotavirus antigen. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) with SYBR Green I fluorescent dye was performed for molecular detection of rotavirus. Multiplex nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for rotavirus G genotyping. Total coliform count varies from 102-103 CFU/mL in the raw water resources. Rotavirus antigen was detected in 17 samples (28.33%) by ELISA, and 13 samples (21.67%) were found positive by RT-PCR. These included 41.18% (7 cases) of raw water influent, 29.41% (5 cases) after sedimentation, 23.52% (4 cases) after ozonation, and 5.88% (1 case) after filtration in ELISA method. The highest number of rotaviruses was detected by qRT-PCR in autumn (46.15% (6 cases)). The commonest circulating G type in the sampling points was the mixed types, which was identified in 6 samples (46.15%), followed by non-typeable (23.07%), G3 (15.38%), G1 (7.69%), and G8 (7.69%), respectively. Despite the presence of rotavirus in raw water, after clarification and ozonation, filtration and treated water did not show the presence of rotavirus. The results of this study showed that multi-stage treatment has a positive effect on virus removal in WTP.

Detection of E. coli O157: H7 by immunological and real-time PCR methods in the water treatment plant

Aims: There is limited data on the occurrence of E. Coli O157: H7 in water. Therefore, this study aims to detect E. Coli O157: H7 in the Water Treatment Plant (WTP). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Isfahan WTP, central of Iran. Immunological methods were implemented with anti-serum kits and the molecular method of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect E. Coli O157: H7 in eight locations of the WTP; the sludge of the sedimentation basin and filter backwash water were also monitored. The survival of E. Coli O157: H7 in the sludge samples of the sedimentation basin was indicated by the formation of agglutination particles using the immunological method, and through indicator probes using the RT-PCR method. Results: E. Coli O157: H7 was not detected in the water samples from the WTP units. The removal percent of total coliforms (TC), fecal coliforms (FC), and Heterotrophic Plate Count (HPC), respectively, were as follows: 59.5, 49, and 54.8% in the sedimentation basin; 66, 45.8, and 57% in the ozonation system; 98.8, 98, and 78.8% in the filtration system; and 96, 100, 91% in the disinfection system. Conclusions: This study revealed the existence of the pathogenic coliform of E. Coli O157: H7 in the sludge of the sedimentation basin. The absence of E. Coli O157: H7 in the finished water indicated that the WTP units were able to eliminate these pathogenic bacteria before reaching the final units of the plant, including the filtration and disinfection systems.

Study on the efficiency of the different units for removing metallic ions in Isfahan water treatment plant

In this study, removal efficiency of heavy metals such as iron, manganese, copper and nickel were surveyed in various units of water treatment plant in Isfahan City. Samples were taken from influent, before and after sedimentation and after filtration under standard condition. Concentration of heavy metals in each sample was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that removal efficiency of iron, manganese, copper and nickel were 71, 60, 79 and 40 percent, respectively. Experimental results currently showed low efficiency for the suitable removal of aluminum. So, the aluminum concentration in all the samples from the influent (2.03 mg l -1 ) and effluent (2 mg l -1 ) of the water treatment plant exceeded the EPA drinking water standard (50 µg l -1 ). It is concluded that using conventional treatment technology can reduce metal concentrations conform to internationally approved guidelines except for aluminum. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management Vol. 9(2) 2005: 61-64

Evaluation of water supply system infested with chironomus larvae

A chironomus larvae infested water supply system was studied in detail for detecting its source and remediation. The study covered raw water source, units of water treatment plant, underground water storage reservoir, elevated service reservoir and water distribution pipeline. Since the larvae is the hatching of midge fly, the open ends in the water supply system like water treatment plant, underground storage reservoir, elevated service reservoir were studied first and found to be free from larvae. Finally excavation was carried out at the underground pipeline near the larvae infested tap ends. It was found that some residential units were discharging domestic wastewater just below the ground surface leading to contamination of drinking water. Pipe joints were opened for further study and growth of several species was found inside the pipe. However, the exact location of contamination could not be detected. The closed loop pipeline was opened at one end to scour off any contamination with clean water. After few hours of flushing, the insects were not detected at the consumer ends. This paper describes the systematic methodology that can be adopted for such investigations.