Water-soluble Amino Research Articles

Integrated physiological and transcriptome analyses of the effects of water-soluble amino acid fertilizer on plant growth

Tobacco is a key component of China’s economy, serving as a major cash crop. With traditional fertilizers reaching their maximum potential in promoting tobacco growth, the exploration of new fertilizers has emerged as a viable solution for advancing experimental sustainable development. Spraying foliar fertilizer is a key measure to improve tobacco yield and quality. This study employed a combination of field and pot experiments to investigate the effects of applying water-soluble amino acid fertilizers on the growth, development, and quality of tobacco. The results of transcriptome analysis and physiological index measurements indicate that the application of water-soluble amino acid fertilizer can enhance the area of tobacco leaves, promote photosynthesis, and improve the chemical composition of the leaves. This research determined that the optimal concentration for spraying water-soluble amino acid fertilizer is diluted 500 times. Transcriptome analysis identified a total of 6,489 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 3,843 genes that were up-regulated and 2,646 genes that were down-regulated. Gene Ontology (GO)analysis demonstrated that these DEGs were significantlyassociatedwithprocessesincludingcell recognition, photosynthesis,thylakoidcomponents, calcium ion binding, and carbohydrate binding.Additionally, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis emphasized that the DEGs were largely found in pathwaysrelated tophotosynthesis-antenna proteins, interactions between plants and pathogens, photosynthesisitself, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, andplant hormone signaling. Further research revealed that a significant number of genes involved in the auxin, gibberellin, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid signal transduction pathways exhibited varying expression patterns following the application of water-soluble amino acid fertilizers.Additionally, the expression levels of bZIP, MYB, WRKY, bHLH, and AP2/ERF transcription factors exhibited significant variations following the application of water-soluble amino acid fertilizer. These results analyze the mechanisms of action of water-soluble amino acid fertilizers, offering new effective strategies to enhance both the yield and quality of tobacco.

Amino acids in the water-soluble and water-insoluble fractions of the aerosols at a forested site in Japan

In order to clarify the concentration levels and sources of the water-insoluble amino acids (WIAA) in aerosols that have been received little attention in previous studies and to discuss their potential impact on nitrogen deposition, the WIAA in the coarse-mode (d = 2.0–10 μm) and fine-mode (d < 2.0 μm) aerosols were measured at a forested site in Japan together with the water-soluble free and combined amino acids. The sum of the WIAA showed more than a 6-times higher concentration than that of the water-soluble amino acids in the coarse-mode range and a similar concentration to that in the fine-mode range, which suggests a significant contribution of the WIAA to the amino acids pool in aerosols. The WIAA were predominantly partitioned into the coarse-mode range. The concentration of the coarse-mode WIAA was the highest in the summer and a strong correlation was found between the coarse-mode WIAA and nss-K+ concentrations. These results suggest that plant debris and the associated materials are important sources for the coarse-mode WIAA and the increase in the suspension of these particulate materials caused the enhancement of the WIAA in the summer. Remarkably higher concentrations of the coarse-mode WIAA than the water-soluble amino acids would be caused by these particulate materials. In the fine-mode range, on the other hand, the concentration of the WIAA was the highest in the spring and strongly correlated with the fine-mode nss-K+ concentrations. The fine-mode WIAA would be mainly derived from the biomass burning particles. The coarse-mode WIAA were estimated to significantly contribute to the dry deposition flux of the total nitrogen. The present study implies a potential impact of the WIAA in the coarse aerosols on nitrogen deposition.

Epichloë endophytes can alleviate water deficit effects on perennial ryegrass through host morpho-physiological modulation

Water deficit stress largely limits plant growth and survival in natural and managed ecosystems. We studied the morpho-physiological responses of plants associated with distinct strains of Epichloë fungal endophytes to water deficit. We hypothesised that Epichloë symbionts would alleviate the negative effects of water deficit on plants and that both magnitude and mechanisms of endophyte-based alleviation would vary depending on the Epichloë strain. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) plants from the experimental cultivar GA66 associated with the Epichloë strains AR1, AR5, AR6, and AR37 were subjected to a treatment of sustained water deficit in a pot experiment under controlled growth conditions. We measured plant biomass (shoot and root), water retention, stress-related phytohormones (abscisic acid, jasmonic acid), proline and other water-soluble amino acids, and Epichloë-derived antiherbivore alkaloids. Alleviation of the negative effects of water deficit on plants depended on the Epichloë strain, with AR37 and AR5 providing the greatest protection followed by AR1, while AR6 did not alleviate stress. The AR37-derived water deficit alleviation was associated with enhanced root biomass and plant water retention, and increased concentrations of abscisic acid, proline, and fungal alkaloids. The AR5-derived stress alleviation was associated with enhanced plant water retention and increased proline concentrations, and the AR1-derived alleviation with increased fungal alkaloid concentrations and mycelial biomass. Although AR6 did not alleviate the water deficit, the stress increased Epichloë-derived alkaloid concentrations (and enhanced root biomass) which could provide an advantage for resisting herbivory. Our study highlighted that while Epichloë generally alleviated the effects of water deficit on plants, the mechanisms of stress alleviation varied among associations, and that the host fitness could be increased even in those associations where endophytes did not alleviate direct water deficit stress if herbivores would be present.

Biological activity of two water-soluble amino acid-Pt complexes: Synthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity, DNA interaction, and theoretical studies

In the present work, two water-soluble amino acid–Pt complexes, [Pt(phd)(AA)]ClO4, (phd = 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione; 1, AA = L-isoleucine and 2, AA = L-leucine) have been introduced. The preparation and characterization of two novel water-soluble platinum complexes were performed. Molecular docking, ADME, and DFT were used to study these complexes theoretically. The mechanism of DNA binding was studied using fluorescence, UV–Vis, and CD spectroscopy. Fluorescence data indicated a static mechanism for quenching DNA. According to thermodynamic parameters, DNA and Pt(II) complexes interact via groove binding and intercalation. CD spectra indicated that both complexes show an increase in intensity across all bands. Experimental data agree with docking studies and DFT calculations. In sum, groove binding and intercalation are the mechanisms of binding to DNA. Based on cytotoxicity studies, both complexes showed higher anticancer activity against A2780SP cell line than cisplatin. Moreover, complex 2 is more active than complex 1 according to all theoretical and experimental evidence.

Amino acid fertilizer strengthens its effect on crop yield and quality by recruiting beneficial rhizosphere microbes.

There is currently an increase in the use of new types of fertilizers in modern agriculture. Studies have shown that amino acid fertilizers can improve crop yield and quality. However, their effects on crop rhizosphere ecology and their ecological impacts on crop yield are largely unknown. This study evaluated the effects of a water-soluble amino acid fertilizer (WAAF) on tomatoes and its ecological effects on rhizosphere bacterial communities using greenhouse pot experiments. The results showed that WAAF could promote the growth of tomatoes and improve the quality of fruits more effectively than water-soluble chemical fertilizer controls. Interestingly, WAAF showed a different regulating pattern on root exudates and increased the secretion of 17 major water-soluble root exudates, including hexadecanoic acid and 3-hydroxy-γ-butyrolactone. Water-soluble amino acid fertilizer also affected noticeably the composition, abundance, and beta-diversity of rhizosphere bacterial communities, and strengthened the potential relationships between community members. Water-soluble amino acid fertilizer showed a significant selective enrichment ability and recruited some members of the genera such as Cupriavidus, Ralstonia, Chitinophaga, Gemmatimonas, Mitsuaria, Mucilaginibacter, Paracoccus, Sphingopyxis, and Variovorax. Network analysis and functional prediction implied that, besides fertilizer effects, the recruiting of beneficial microbes involved in chemotaxis and biofilm formation was also a considerable factor in tomato yield and quality improvement. Our study revealed ecological and recruiting effects of WAAF on rhizosphere microbes and potentially beneficial microbiota, and provided a basis for the amino acid fertilizer regulation of rhizosphere ecology to improve soil health and further improve crop yield and quality. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Preparation, Characterization of New Antimicrobial Antitumor Hybrid Semi-Organic Single Crystals of Proline Amino Acid Doped by Silver Nanoparticles.

Proline is water soluble amino acid extensively used in drug delivery systems. Compounds of cobalt (Co) transition metal have potent antimicrobial and anticancer activities. However, a drug delivery system combining proline cobalt is not reported yet. For the first time, new hybrid semi-organic single crystals of proline cobalt chloride (PCC) are prepared. The novelty of the article is also that single crystal proline cobalt chloride showed potent antimicrobial and antitumor activity. Doping of PCC by Ag0NPs significantly increased these biological activities. The anisotropic magnetic properties of single crystals can mitigate the cytotoxicity of Ag0NPs on normal cells. Silver nanoparticles (Ag0NPs) improved the crystal habits and physicochemical properties. Ag0NPs showed the best performance, paramagnetic materials n-type semiconductors due to delocalized excess electrons of Ag0NPs incorporated in the crystal lattice interstitially. Crystals have high absorptivity for UV-radiation electromagnetic radiation. Ag0NPs enhanced AC electrical conductivity up to 2.3 × 104 Ω cm-1 due to high electron density. Proline doped crystals are obtained in good purity as triclinic unit cell with having anisotropic magnetism. PCCAg0NPs crystal exhibited: high antimicrobial activities to various bacterial and fungal species, inhibition zone (mm): 21, 25, 24, 26, 30, 28, 12, and 46 for S. aureus, E. faecalis, S. typhi, E. coli, P. aerugino, K. pneumoniae, A. braselienses, and C. albicans, respectively, in comparison to ciprofloxacin antibiotic (23, 0, 26, 26, 25, 0, 0, 0) for the same tested species, respectively; higher cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells (IC50 22.1 μM) than the reference drug cisplatin (IC50 11.7 μM); and lower cytotoxicity to normal healthy lung cells MRC-5, (IC50 145.5 μM) than cisplatin (IC50 30.2 μM). Hence, this crystal is a candidate for chemotherapy of breast cancer.

Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of novel copper complexes containing a β-carboline derivative and amino acids.

Copper complexes have long been considered as a promising class of anticancer or antibacterial therapeutics. In this paper, two novel copper(II) complexes containing a β-carboline derivative and amino acids, namely [Cu(1-Im-βc)(L-Val)]ClO4·0.5H2O (Cu1) and [Cu(1-Im-βc)(L-Phe)]ClO4·0.5H2O (Cu2), where 1-Im-βc = 1-(2-imidazolyl)-β-carboline, L-Val = L-valine, and L-Phe = L-phenylalanine, were designed and synthesized. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, molar conductivity measurements, and mass spectrometry to determine their spatial structures and compositions. Both complexes bind to DNA by insertion. The complexes also show a good affinity for human serum albumin (HSA). In addition, the antitumor activity of the two complexes against lung cancer cells (A549), cervical cancer cells (HeLa), and breast cancer cells (MBA-MD-231) is significantly superior to that of the traditional antitumor drug, cisplatin. Finally, the anticancer mechanism results show that the complexes can induce apoptosis in HeLa cells, which is associated with mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and activation of the caspase protein family. This study demonstrates that the introduction of aromatic heterocyclic alkaloid ligands with a broad spectrum of biological activities and water-soluble amino acid ligands into copper complexes can regulate their amphiphilic properties and biological activity, so as to obtain highly efficient copper-based therapeutics.

Water-soluble amino functionalized chitosan: Preparation, characterization, antioxidant and antibacterial activities

Amino functionalized chitosan has attracted much attention because of the fascinated bioactivities. In our study, a novel water-soluble amino functionalized chitosan bearing free amino group at C-2 and quaternary ammonium moiety contained free amino group at C-6 (5c) was prepared by a four-step method. The structural characterization was identified by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The water-solubility and antioxidant activities against hydroxyl, DPPH radicals and reducing power were estimated. The results displayed that amino functionalized chitosan 5c exhibited improved water-solubility and antioxidant ability, especially its DPPH scavenging rate reached about 90 % at the minimum test concentration of 0.10 mg/mL. Besides, antibacterial tests showed that amino functional chitosan 5c had best antibacterial activities, which indicated that amino group made main contribution to the enhanced bioactivities. In short, the novel chitosan 5c possessed enhanced water-solubility and excellent antioxidant and antibacterial activities, which could provide novel strategy for the development of antioxidant and antibacterial agents in biomedicine and food fields.

Abstract 1571: Cancer associated fibroblasts sustain critical dependency of pancreatic cancer cells on exogenous lipids

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells derive their resistance to therapy and aggressive clinical course from the symbiotic signaling and metabolic interactions with cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). CAFs have been shown to provide nutrients to "parasitic" PDAC cells including water soluble glucose and amino acids. In hypoxic tumor microenvironments, aggressive PDAC are functional auxotroph for lipids, and scavenge exogenous lipids to build cellular membranes. However, the mechanism by which PDAC cells obtain these water-insoluble essential membrane building materials remains poorly understood. To gain insights into the mechanism of lipid scavenging, we generated cholesterol-auxotrophic human and mouse PDAC PDAC cells since cholesterol is the major constituent of lipid cellular membranes. Here, we discovered that PDAC cells utilize CAFs as a main source of lipids in vivo through direct heterotypic cellular contacts. In this process, PDAC cells directly acquire the CAF plasma membrane (PM) via trogocytosis. In response to yet unidentified paracrine “feed me” signals activating CAF-dependent trogocytosis, CAFs upregulate phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) on the outer leaflet of the PM. Consequently, blockade of PtdSer on CAFs partially deterred trogocytic transfer of CAF membranes to PDAC cells in vitro. Furthermore, Ca2+-dependent phospholipid scramblase TMEM16F is a critical regulator of PtdSer externalization. TMEM16F is highly expressed in human PDAC CAFs compared to fibroblasts isolated from the matching adjacent non-malignant pancreatic tissues CAFs deficient in TMEM16F scramblase exhibited markedly reduced ability to support the growth of cholesterol-auxotrophic PDAC cells cultured in lipid depleted media. We propose trogocytosis as a new mode of lipid scavenging by PDAC cells from CAFs involving activation of Ca2+-dependent phospholipid scramblase TMEM16F in CAFs and increased expression of PtdSer as “eat me” signals on CAF PM. To inactivate trogocytosis, we nominate TMEM16F as a plausible PDAC therapy target using clinically available TMEM16 inhibitors with a potential for impact on treatment of PDAC patients in the near term. Citation Format: Charline Ogier, Alena Klochkova, Battuya Bayarmagnai, Linara Gabitova, Diana Restifo, Aizhan Surumbayeva, Janusz Franco-Barraza, Debora Vendramini Costa, Ralph Francescone, Jaye Gardiner, Emmanuelle Nicolas, Elizabeth A. Handorf, Kathy Q. Cai, Edna Cukierman, Igor Astsaturov. Cancer associated fibroblasts sustain critical dependency of pancreatic cancer cells on exogenous lipids [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1571.

A “metal ions-induced poisoning behavior of biomolecules” inspired polymeric probe for Cu2+ selective detection on basis of coil to helix conformation transition

The interaction between heavy metal ions (e.g. Cu2+, Pb2+, Cr6+) and bioactive biomolecules can severely cause the “poisoning behavior” due to the secondary structure transition. While in a bioinspiration strategy, functional polymers with the ability of selectively responding to metal ions can be used as effective probe candidate for metal ion detection. Herein, a series of functional substituted polyacetylenes with glycine pendants (P-Gly-NH2) are deliberately designed and synthesized as a fresh member of polymeric probe arsenal for selective ions recognition. According to chemical and structural characterization including FT-IR, NMR, GPC, UV–vis and so on, the synthesized P-Gly-NH2 polymers with glycine amide pendants possess random coil conformation on the conjugated main chains. Benefit from remarkable water-soluble ability and secondary structure, P-Gly-NH2 can simulate the biomolecules and apply for heavy metal ions detection in aqueous solution. Because of the complexing interaction with Cu2+, the particular “random coil to helical” conformation transition of P-Gly-NH2 backbone can be observed by UV–vis characterization in ion recognition experiments. Moreover, the relevant results of ions interfering and titration experiments also confirm that this selective detection towards Cu2+ exhibits an outstanding time-efficiency and reliability with the corresponding detection limitation around 0.128 mg/L. As revealed in UV–vis, Raman, FT-IR and XPS spectra characterization, this conformation transition of P-Gly-NH2 is owing to the complexing interaction between Cu2+ and nitrogen atoms in polymer side groups, resulting in an ordered cis-cisoidal helical structures in polymer backbones. In a word, this study not only paves a new way for design and synthesis of water-soluble amino acid-based substituted polyacetylenes, but also implements the functional polymeric probes for selective and sensitive detection of heave ions through a bioinspiration strategy.

Hygroscopic behavior and phase state of mixed NH4NO3 /amino acids particles by microscopy and IR technology

Water-soluble amino acids have been confirmed as effective cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) materials. While their influence on the hygroscopicity of nitrates is still scarcely known. In this work, ammonium nitrate (AN) was mixed with glycine and alanine at various mole ratios to form internally mixed particles deposited onto a solid substrate, whose hygroscopic properties and phase states of ingredients were investigated using microscope and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). For mixed AN/amino acid particles with abundant inorganic, AN crystallizes at lower RH than that of pure AN, while deliquescence relative humidities (DRHs) were close to pure AN. On hydration, the mixture composed of bis(amino acid) nitrates and mono(amino acid) nitrates formed at 14.6–60.8% RH and 23.6%–60.0% RH for AN/glycine and AN/alanine particles, respectively. When the inorganic and organic components were mixed with equal mole ratio, gradual water uptake and release took place due to the hygroscopic interplay between components. In the mixed particles with abundant amino acids, glycine and alanine still kept solid at highest RH on hydration. Hydrogen bonding interaction should account for the mutual suppression on individual crystal formation. The present hygroscopic study would help people understanding cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) ability of amino acids in atmosphere.

Ways to improve poultry productivity

The article draws attention to the fact that the vitamin feed additive Introvit A+WS is an effective complex in its composition, consisting of 12 fat-and water-soluble vitamins, 18 essential and replaceable amino acids and 9 macro-and microelements that affect not only stability to various infectious diseases, but also to increase the meat productivity of young poultry. In recent years, industrially produced vitamins have become increasingly widespread, as well as feed additives used as a means of increasing animal productivity, reducing the cost of protein feed and increasing the efficiency of using feed nutrients. The vitamin feed additive Introvit A+WS in the indicated doses under production conditions had a positive effect on the weight gain of broilers and on the preservation of the poultry population, therefore, it shall be widely used in industrial poultry farming.

A synthetic methodology for the preparation of a water-soluble quaternized amino phosphine oxide ligand

After several unsuccessful attempts to synthesize quaternized aniline-derived phosphanes, we succeeded to develop a synthetic methodology for the preparation of a water-soluble amino phosphine oxide ligand containing a quaternary ammonium ion by insertion of a second amino moiety on the aniline derivative before the insertion of the phosphino group. The methodology involves insertion of an amino moiety on the alkyl chain of the aniline derivative via its mesylate, subsequent insertion of the phosphino group via ortho-lithiation of the aromatic ring, oxidation to the corresponding phosphine oxide and finally quaternization of the alkyl chain amino moiety.

Synthesis of C6-amino agarose and evaluation of its antibacterial activity

In this paper, the biologically inert agarose was selectively modified at C6 of β-d-Galp units to produce an amino derivative with antibacterial property. The synthetic route involved the preparation of tosyl and azido agarose intermediates. All the polysaccharide derivatives were characterized by mono- and bidimensional 1H and 13C NMR and FT-IR analysis. A water-soluble amino polymer (Mw = 39,000 g mol−1, DSamino = 0.50) was produced by partial acid hydrolysis showing bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity against P. aeruginosa (ATCC 9027), S. aureus (ATCC 6538), and E. coli (ATCC 25922), with MIC values lower than 2.5 mg mL−1 and MBC values ranging from 2.5 to 5.0 mg mL−1.

MO455LIPID PROFILE AND UREMIC RETENTION SOLUTES IN PATIENTS WITH END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE

Abstract Background and Aims Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) have an extremely high incidence of cardiovascular (CV) diseases, partly driven by insufficient clearance of uremic toxins. ESKD patients have a characteristically adverse lipid profile, however data investigating the relationship between uremic toxins and lipid profile, potentially contributing to increased CV risk, is scarce. To determine if uremic retention solutes (URS) associate with an adverse lipid profile in ESKD, we studied a large, trinational cohort with a detailed lipid profile, as well as a comprehensive panel of uremic toxins. Method Total, high density lipoprotein (HDL), non-HDL, low density lipoprotein (LDL), and remnant cholesterol, as well as triglyceride, levels were associated with a panel of 15 uremic retention solutes in a combined cohort of 591 European, adult patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) from UZ Leuven, Belgium (n=150), Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (n=235) or University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany (n=226). Total and HDL cholesterol, as well as triglycerides, were quantified at each study center, whereas non-HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and remnant cholesterol were calculated. In all subjects of this trinational study, a selected panel of solutes, including CMPF, TMAO, aromatic amino acids and corresponding end-products of endogenous and microbial metabolism, was centrally quantified in a single lab by liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry. Univariate correlations were assessed using non-parametric Spearman’s rank correlation method. To identify independent associations between solutes and lipid profile, multivariate linear regression models were used with adjustment for age, sex, as well as markers of inflammation, protein energy wasting, renal function, diabetes and dialysis. Results In total, 189 patients in CKD stage 3-5 not on renal replacement therapy (RRT), as well as 402 subjects on RRT, were included. All URS except phenylalanine significantly differed between patients on RRT vs. not on RTT. In univariate analyses, URS negatively correlated with most lipid markers, including LDL and HDL cholesterol. In contrast, the amino acids tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine were positively correlated with a large majority of lipid markers. After combining URS concentrations based on molecule size, similar associations were observed for the respective groups, i.e. small water-soluble molecules, protein-bound molecules, and amino acids. After adjustment for age, sex, presence of diabetes, dialysis treatment, inflammation, protein energy wasting, and renal function, significant associations were lost for URS and total cholesterol or HDL cholesterol, excluding total cholesterol and phenylacetyl glutamine. However, high triglyceride levels were independently predicted by p-cresyl sulphate, tryptophan, indole-3 acetic acid, phenylalanine, TMAO, small water-soluble molecules combined, and protein-bound molecules combined. Non-HDL cholesterol was independently predicted by phenyl glucuronide, TMAO, phenylacetyl glutamine and small water-soluble molecules combined, while remnant cholesterol was independently associated with 10 out of the 15 URS, as well as small water-soluble molecules combined and amino acids combined. Furthermore, LDL cholesterol independently associated with tryptophan, TMAO, phenylacetyl glutamine and protein-bound molecules combined. Conclusion Significant inverse associations between lipid profile and small water-soluble or protein-bound uremic toxins in advanced CKD highlight the complexity of the uremic environment. Our data suggest that not all URS interactions with conventional CV risk markers may be pathogenic.

Nanoparticles of water-soluble dyads based on amino acid fullerene C60 derivatives and pyropheophorbide: Synthesis, photophysical properties, and photodynamic activity

Synthesis, spectral properties, and photodynamic activity of water-soluble amino acid fullerene C60 derivatives (AFD) and four original AFD-PPa dyads, obtained by covalent addition of dye pyropheophorbide (PPa) to AFD, were studied. In aqueous solution, these AFD-PPa dyads form nanoassociates as a result of self-assembly. In this case, a significant change in the absorption spectra and strong quenching of the dye fluorescence in the structure of the dyads were observed. A comparison of superoxide or singlet oxygen generation efficiency of the studied compounds in an aqueous solution showed the photodynamic mechanism switching from type II (singlet oxygen generation of the native dye) to I type (superoxide generation of dyads). All dyads have pronounced phototoxicity on cells Hela with IC50 9.2 µM, 9.2 µM, 12.2 µM for dyads Val-C60-PPa, Ala-C60-PPa and Pro-C60-PPa, respectively. Such facilitation of type I photodynamic mechanism could be perspective against hypoxic tumors.

Synthesis of New Amino-β-Cyclodextrin Polymer, Cross-Linked with Pyromellitic Dianhydride and Their Use for the Synthesis of Polymeric Cyclodextrin Based Nanoparticles.

New water soluble amino β-cyclodextrin-based polymer was synthesized by reaction between amino cyclodextrin derivatives and pyromellitic anhydride. This experiment presents amino derivatives, which were synthesized by attaching amino groups to β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) used mono-6-azido-6-deoxy-β-cyclodextrin (β-CD-N3) and triphenylphosphine (Ph3P) in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). An amino blocking reaction was conducted. The obtained polymer was purified by ultrafiltration. In addition, an attempt was made to create nanospheres by encapsulating the polymer with chitosan (CT) in an acidic condition. For the first time, nanospheres were obtained in the reaction between an amino β-cyclodextrin polymer and chitosan. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 1H NMR and ESI-MS methods for confirmation of reaction product and for structural characterization were employed. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies of polymers were also carried out.

Proline accumulation in three closely related Salsola L. taxa

Halophytes, gypsicoles and serpentinicoles are adapted to specialized edaphic conditions at arid and semi-arid regions. These arid and semi-arid areas possess physical and chemical stress factors for all plants. For these plants, one of the most important parameter that provides stress tolerance is the proline accumulation. Proline is a water-soluble amino acid generally accumulated under stress and behave like an indicator for adaptation of plants against extreme conditions. In this study, the amounts of proline accumulation in three different taxa, Salsola boissieri subsp. serpentinicola, Salsola boissieri subsp. boissieri and Salsola turcica, were determined. These taxa are phylogenetically close to each other but adapted to different soil types. The highest proline accumulation measured in leaves of S. turcica with the value of 2.510 ± 0.020 µmol g-1 FW and the lowest accumulation measured in leaves of S. boissieri subsp. serpentinicola with the value of 0.996 ± 0.024 µmol g-1 FW. As a result of these proline accumulations, it can be concluded that the high amount of proline accumulation in halophytic S. turcica is a response against stress conditions but the low proline accumulation of S. boissieri subsp. serpentinicola means this species may have other adaptations against the stress factors that caused by serpentinicolous soils. Both of the studied taxa accumulate proline and the findings show that proline accumulation can be a marker in the assessment of stress tolerance of Salsola species.

Study of the toxic effect of the drug “Incombivit”

Modern veterinary medicine has made great strides in the prevention and treatment of various diseases, largely through the availability of highly effective drugs. One of the major challenges to development of effective, safe, competitive drugs in Ukraine is the creation of an effective system of pre-clinical trials that meet international standards. The toxicity study is a mandatory phase trials of new drugs. The drug “Inkombivit” accommodates only available endogenous biologically active substances, which are natural feed ingredients for animals and are naturally present in animal tissues. All active pharmaceutical ingredients used in drug “Inkombivit”, by the EU regulation No. 37/2010 related to non-hazardous for animals and people compounds. The LD50 of most active pharmaceutical ingredients included in the drug “Incombivit” for mice when administered orally ranges from 5000 to 10000 mg/kg body weight, except for some active pharmaceutical ingredients when they are contained in milligram amounts in 1 liter of the drug, for which LD50 less than 1000 mg/kg body weight of animals. Incombivit is a combination drug that contains fat- and water-soluble vitamins, trace elements and amino acids that normalize metabolism, increase overall resistance, improve productivity, safety and reproductive functions of animals. Acute toxicity of the drug was studied on 50 white mice weighing 19–21 g and on 20 white rats weighing 250–295 g. The animals were kept in accordance with sanitary norms and rules on a standard diet (compound feed) adopted in the vivarium. The acute LD50 of Incombivit for a single oral administration is 7500 ± 229.95 mg/kg body weight for mice and 6250 ± 375.50 mg/kg body weight for rats. Incombivit can be classified as hazard class 4 according to the International Standard GOST 12.1.007-76 and to category 5 according to the International Global Harmonized System (GHS) classification, as its LD50 for mice and rats with a single oral administration exceeds 5000 mg/kg body weight.

Anthracene-Tagged UiO-67-MOF as Highly Selective Aqueous Sensor for Nanoscale Detection of Arginine Amino Acid.

In the present paper, new functionalized UiO-67 metal-organic frameworks (MOF) which contain aromatic tagged groups such as phenyl, naphthyl, and anthracene have been synthesized, characterized, and used for sensing water-soluble amino acids. The results show that anthracene-tagged UiO-67-MOF is shown to act as a highly efficient and selective aqueous sensor for arginine over other water-soluble amino acids in nanoscale. Upon adding an increasing amount of arginine, PL bands of the anth-UiO-67 MOF quenched completely, while there is no perturbation in the PL bands for other amino acid observed. This MOF allows a selective ratiometric detection of arginine without any interference from other amino acids.