Water Sampling Points Research Articles

As and Pb Presence within the Meoqui-Delicias Aquifer, Chihuahua, Mexico

This study aimed to determine the amount of As and Pb in the water in the Meoqui-Delicias’ aquifer and their spatiotemporal dynamics. Twenty-one water sampling points were selected. Seventeen samples were from wells and four were from surface water; two were used for human consumption and the rest for agricultural use. The samples were taken from May 2019 to January 2020 in four sampling events, one for each climatological season of the year. The studied geochemical anomalies seem to be linked to the nature and mechanism of volcanic emplacement. Several samples exhibited high concentrations of arsenic ranging from 1.20 to 156.54 ppb, unlike lead, with low values being the maximum value of 26.32 ppb. These elements (As and Pb) are in the water in Naica, part of the mining district where tons of Au, Ag, Pb, Cu, and Zn were obtained. From a geographical standpoint, it is impossible to establish that these elements are related, even though these elements (As and Pb) are present in the water in Naica, a mining zone where tons of Au and Ag were historically mined.

Assessment of groundwater quality using hydrochemical process, GIS and multivariate statistical analysis at central Rif, North Morocco

This study investigated groundwater in the central Rif region of northern Morocco by analysing 55 water sampling points to assess its physicochemical and hydrogeochemical properties. Through hydrochemical analysis, GIS spatial exploration, and multivariate statistical analysis, a direct correlation was found between EC, TDS, and major ions, influencing overall water mineralization. The key findings included pH levels ranging from 6.10 to 8.52, EC from 828 to 4581 μS/cm, and varying concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO2–, Cl–, N–NO2–, and SO42–. Notably, TDS and TH ranged from 647.19–3609.36 mg/L and 64.23–1051.24 mg/L, respectively, with a significant portion of samples exceeding WHO guidelines, particularly chloride (61.81%), sulfate (92.72%), and nitrate (12.72%) samples. The Piper diagram highlights sodium chlorides (Na–Cl) as the predominant chemical facies (70.9%), while the Gibbs diagram emphasizes the impact of evaporation on water chemistry dynamics. This study revealed the complex influence of geological and anthropogenic factors on groundwater quality, potentially leading to seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers. The observed high mineralization and hardness levels, in addition to mild alkalinity, pose public health risks, underscoring the need for continuous monitoring and sustainable management practices in coastal groundwater management to protect human health and the environment.

Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in Latin America: case study on hazard assessment and prioritization in Costa Rica.

Pharmaceuticals are considered as contaminants of emerging concern, and their occurrence in diverse environmental matrices has been described during the last 25years. Nonetheless, pharmaceutical occurrence has not been evenly described worldwide, and reports from some geographical areas such as most parts of Latin America are scarce. This work aims to address the situation of water pollution due to pharmaceuticals in Latin America by means of two main goals: i. First, reviewing the monitoring studies performed in Latin America on this topic (period 2009-2024), which were conducted in Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Argentina, to highlight the most frequently detected compounds from each therapeutic group in the region. ii. Second, analyzing the case of Costa Rica through the hazard assessment and prioritization of pharmaceuticals based on the monitoring performed in this country (years 2011; 2018-2019). The monitoring in Costa Rica comprised a total of 163 sampling points: wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) (14 urban WWTPs plus two landfill WWTPs; total samples n = 44 influents and n = 34 effluents), nine hospital effluents (n = 32), wastewater from livestock farms (six swine farms and seven dairy farms; n = 23 influents and n = 37 effluents), 64 continental surface water sampling points (n = 137), and 61 coastal seawater sampling points (n = 61). Risk assessment of detected concentrations by the hazard quotient (HQ) approach (period 2018-2019) revealed a total of 25 mediumorhigh-hazard compounds (out of 37 detected compounds). The prioritization approach (which included the Frequency of Appearance (FoA), the Frequency of PNEC exceedance (FoE), and the Extent of predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) exceedance (EoE)), showed a critical list of nine pharmaceuticals: caffeine, diphenhydramine, acetaminophen, lovastatin, gemfibrozil, ciprofloxacin, ibuprofen, doxycycline and norfloxacin. These compounds should be taken into account as a first concern during the implementation of environmental policies related to pharmaceutical products in the region.

Assessment of Human Health Risk Indices Due to Metal Contamination in the Surface Water of the Negro River Sub-Basin, Áncash.

The accelerated loss of glacial cover in the Cordillera Blanca in Áncash, Peru, exposes the underlying rocks with high concentrations of sulfides from the Chicama Formation to oxidation and leaching processes, generating acid rock drainage (ARD) in glacial and periglacial areas. These are transported by surface runoff, contaminating the surface water with high concentrations of metals and sulfates, as well as increasing the acidity, which poses a risk to human health and the ecosystem. Therefore, the risk indices for human health due to metal contamination were evaluated at 19 surface water sampling points distributed in the Río Negro sub-basin. Hydrochemical analyses revealed average metal concentrations in the following order: Fe (28.597 mg/L), Al (3.832 mg/L), Mn (1.085 mg/L), Zn (0.234 mg/L), Ni (0.085 mg/L), Co (0.053 mg/L), Li (0.036 mg/L), Cu (0.005 mg/L), and Pb (0.002 mg/L). The risk was determined by calculating the Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) and the Hazard Index (HI). The average HPI value was 360.959, indicating a high level of contamination (HPI ≥ 150). The human health risk assessment indicated that adverse effects caused by iron, lithium, and cobalt in children and adults should be considered. Through the use of Pearson correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis, it was identified that SO42-, Fe, S, Al, Co, Mn, Ni, Zn, and Li originate from natural sources, associated with the generation of ARD in glacial and periglacial areas.

Quantitative analysis of water quality parameters and their influence on the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture: A case study of Rancong mariculture area in Lhokseumawe, Aceh, Indonesia

Water quality is one of several aspects that affect the success of aquaculture business. This study analyzes water quality and assesses its impact on aquaculture enterprises in the Rancong pond region of Lhokseumawe City. The study ran from November to December 2018. The water quality of the Rancong pond was sampled directly and tested in multiple labs. The field survey and purposive sampling strategy separated the research location into four stations with three water sampling points. Temperature, salinity, turbidity, brightness, pH, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, total organic matter, BOD5, total ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, lead (Pb), total Vibrio bacteria, total general bacteria, and phytoplankton types and abundance were measured. The suitability of water quality is assessed using descriptive analysis, scoring, and matching. The investigation indicates that the quality and maintenance of the source water are highly suitable (S1). Traditional vannamei shrimp ponds in Rancong, Lhokseumawe City, should be maintained as fisheries cultivation areas.

Hydrogeochemical and qualitative assessment of groundwater in a southern Mediterranean region: an example of the Aïn Témouchent area (northwestern Algeria)

Abstract The present research aims to assess the hydrogeochemical processes, the suitability of groundwater for human consumption, and the influence degree of seawater intrusion of the coastal aquifers of the Aïn Témouchent region (northwestern Algeria). In this context, 29 groundwater samples were taken during April–May 2018 and analyzed for 11 physicochemical parameters. Piper and Chadha's diagrams allowed the identification of Na–Cl dominant hydrogeochemical facies and Ca (Mg)–Cl type facies, indicating the influence of salt water. Simpson's Index results highlighted that groundwater was slightly contaminated by saltwater. Obtained values of the seawater mixing index (SMI) and Cl−/(HCO3−), Na+/Cl− and Ca2+/Mg2+ ratios indicated the majority of the sampling sites are affected by seawater intrusion. The integration of the water quality index (WQI) spatial variation through the geographic information system (GIS) indicated that in the Southern part of the study region, and 55.2% of water samples are suitable as drinking water. Adversely, for the northern part, where groundwater is influenced by seawater intrusion, water sampling points fall into bad and very bad categories. The results of the study show that hydrogeochemical processes are responsible for the salinity of groundwater in the study area, in addition to marine intrusion.

GEOCHEMICAL CONDITIONS OF SULLAR SPRING: FORMATION OF AUTHIGENIC MINERALS AND METHANE FLUXES

Link for citation: Soldatova E.A., Sidkina E.S., Kiriukhin B.A., Maximov P.N., Krivenok L.A., Ivanov V., Tananaev N.I. Geochemical conditions of Sullar spring: formation of authigenic minerals and methane fluxes. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 10, рр. 16-33. In Rus. Relevance and the research object. Interpermafrost aquifers and areas of their discharge with seasonal ice covers are special permafrost-hydrogeological and hydrochemical systems that are not typical for the thick continuous permafrost zone of Central Yakutia. Differences in chlorofluorocarbon content indicate the anaerobic conditions of some springs suggesting microbial degradation of these compounds by methanogenic bacteria. In the discharge area of such springs, a sharp change in the geochemical conditions takes place leading to a transformation in the water chemical composition and boosting the processes of authigenic mineral formation in this buffer area. In current work we considered the geochemical system of the Sullar spring – the most northern and the least studied among interpermafrost groundwater discharge zones of the Lena River right bank. Intensive accumulation of authigenic minerals was found in the Sullar discharge area during field research. It was Fe compounds with bacterial mats as an opalescent film. Some researchers state the connection between the transformation of Fe compounds during permafrost melting and the migration and transformation of organic matter, including its consumption by microorganisms with further methane emission. We assumed that there is a relationship between the authigenic mineral formation and the content and emission of methane in the discharge area of the spring. This research is the first comprehensive description of the hydrochemistry of the interpermafrost water of the Sullar spring. The aim of the research was to explore influence of geochemical conditions and microbial communities on formation of authigenic minerals and methane fluxes, in particular the effect of the change of geochemical conditions due to groundwater discharge on Fe precipitation and to analyze the relation of that process with methane fluxes. For this purpose, we study water chemical composition of the Sullar spring, measure methane fluxes from water surface and analyze mineral and microbial composition of secondary mineral crusts and bottom eluvium collected near water sampling points. Methods. The main element content was determined by ion chromatography. The concentrations of the bicarbonate ion and dissolved carbon dioxide were calculated by the equilibrium modeling method based on the pH and Eh values of the system. The content of trace elements was measured by mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. To identify seasonal and annual variability, a retrospective analysis of the water chemical composition of the Sullar spring for the period from 1962 to 2020 was carried out. Methane fluxes were measured using the chamber method. The methane concentration was determined by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. The features of the secondary mineral crusts and bottom eluvium were determined using a petrographic microscope. The chemical composition of individual mineral phases was evaluated using a scanning electron microscope equipped with a detector for energy dispersive X-ray spectral microanalysis. The DNA concentration was measured on a fluorimeter. Amplicon libraries were generated by polymer chain reaction with universal primers for the V4 region. Equilibrium modeling was carried out using the HCh software.

Understanding water characteristics and arsenic contamination of Lower Bakırçay Basin (LBB) and its coastal wetland (Western Turkiye): from Bergama (Pergamum) to Çandarlı (Elaia) by hydrogeochemical tools and stable isotope signatures.

Bakırçay Basin is one of the largest and most productive basins in Turkey in terms of geothermal energy, history, mining, agriculture, and tourism. In this study, the lower part of the Bakırçay Basin was extensively examined using hydrogeochemical tools, encompassing 27 different water sample points in the basin, in alignment with the United Nations' 2030 sustainable development goals that focus on access to safe drinking water for all and climate action for carbon emissions. From the higher zones of the basin towards the coastal wetland, EC values increase from 212 to 26500 µS/cm. Again in the same direction, water types are Ca-Mg-HCO3 in hilly areas and Na-Cl at the coastal wetland. Salt marshes, which are the silent heroes of carbon sequestration, are the most important element of the Bakırçay coastal wetland. Irrigation water evaluation has also been made for agriculture, which is widespread in the basin. Except for the salty waters in the wetland, waters are suitable for irrigation. A contamination investigation was conducted in the waters with the aim of clean drinking water. As and Mn contamination, which exceeds the standard values, has been detected in the Bakırçay river and its tributaries, especially from the mining sites in LBB. The arsenic content of water in the study area varies between 2 and 62.2 ppb. Additionally, the study identified As(III) species, which is 60 times more toxic than As(V), in the study area. Stable isotope values (δ18O and δD) of waters in the basin are from - 6.66 to 1.43‰ and - 36.4 to 5.8‰, respectively, and all waters are of meteoric origin. It is essential to emphasize the importance of controlling mining activities in the basin, halting the construction of the port that will destroy the carbon sequestration coastal wetland, and instead, transforming it into a recreation area, the significance of which is now understood during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Biological quality of drilled well water around the shrimp paste production place in Jor Village, East Lombok District

This study aimed to determine the quality of dug well water around the shrimp paste production site in Jor Hamlet, Jor Village, Jerowaru District, East Lombok Regency. The type of research used is an experiment with two parameters based on Minister of Health Regulation Number 32 of 2017, namely Biological Parameters, including Coliform and Escherichia coli. The sampling points in this study consisted of three water sampling points from residents' dug wells with two repetitions of sampling in Jor Hamlet, Jor Village, East Lombok Regency, and with consideration of sampling points based on the distance of the dug well to the location of making shrimp paste in below 10 meters and the shrimp paste production site does not have a good wastewater disposal system. Water quality around the shrimp paste production site in Jor Hamlet, Jor Village, Jerowaru District, East Lombok Regency, several parameters do not meet the requirements based on Minister of Health Regulation Number 32 of 2017 concerning Environmental Health Quality Standards and Water Health Requirements for Sanitation Hygiene, Swimming Pools, Solus Per Aqua, and Public Baths, namely Coliform Parameters, samples at sampling points A and B exceed the Quality Standard, namely 230 in both repetitions, while the Maximum Quality Standard is 50 MPN/100 ml. The Escherichia coli Parameters for all samples at all sampling points meet the Quality Standards, namely 0 MPN/100 ml samples, or there may not be Escherichia coli in clean water intended for Sanitary Hygiene. The highest research results for Coliform and Escherichia coli parameters were high at several points due to the distance between the well and the shrimp paste production site, which was very close, and the shrimp paste production site did not yet have a good wastewater disposal system.

PRELIMINARY DIAGNOSIS AND WATER QUALITY OF THE PORTEIRAS STREAM IN AN URBAN STRETCH OF PETROLINA-PE

Soil use and occupation alter the physicochemical and biological processes of aquatic ecosystems. Urban streams are fundamental components of the macro-drainage system of cities; however, with the advance of urbanization, most streams are modified to the point that they are no longer recognized as streams but as sewage receptors. Physical diagnosis and monitoring of water quality are essential to understand the trophic state of these ecosystems in relation to environmental impacts associated with urbanization. From this perspective, this study aimed to diagnose the physical environment around the urban stretch of the Porteiras stream in Petrolina, PE, and water quality by determining the Water Quality Index (WQI) and the Trophic State Index (TSI). Five visitation points and two water sampling points were defined in two sampling campaigns (dry and rainy periods). The influence of land use and occupation was evident in the WQI due to silting up, suppression of riparian vegetation, inadequate presence of waste and effluents, and in the TDI due to the contribution of nutrients from the discharge of domestic sewage and agricultural activity.

Physico-chemical and microbiological assessment of domestic water supply in Bontoc, Mountain Province, Philippines

Abstract This study determined the water quality of the three major domestic water sources of Bontoc, Mountain Province, and recommended interventions to maintain water parameters within values set by the Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water (PNSDW). Results revealed that all the average values of the physico-chemical parameters measured during wet and dry seasons for the water samples from the different water sources and sampling points are within the allowable range except for turbidity and color during and just after typhoons and prolonged strong rainfalls. As to microbiological parameters, samples from the sources, storage tank, and distribution line have a very high total coliform count, and Escherichia coli content for both seasons. For heterotrophic plate count, only the water samples from Balabag Spring for both wet and dry seasons, from the storage tank during the wet season, and from Gakhan Spring during the dry season have acceptable values. Findings indicate the high vulnerability of the water sources to microbial contamination. Thus, water in all sources is not potable and is therefore not recommended for drinking purposes in its present condition. To address the water supply quality problems, filtration systems may be included in the water system design, the intake tanks, or a new reservoir.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Water Resource Characteristics in the Northern Yangtze River Delta, China

The Yangtze River Delta is one of the most economically developed regions on the eastern coast of China. However, a local imbalance currently exists between its water resource environment and economic and social development due to its rapid urbanization. Thus, the reasonable evaluation and protection of local water resources are necessary. This study explores the northern Yangtze Delta, which is a more developed water system, as a pilot area. The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of rainfall and evaporation and their influencing factors were analyzed on the basis of 29 surface water sampling points, 16 rainfall stations, and three evaporation stations in the field from 1956 to 2019. Accordingly, the overall water supply quality of the river basin, the availability of different water resources, and the application of evaluation methods were assessed. Results show that local precipitation and evaporation are characterized by uneven spatial and temporal distributions in local areas, which, in turn, leads to the uneven temporal distribution of runoff, increasing the imbalance between the availability and demand of the limited local water resources. Nevertheless, the overall performance of local water quality is good. Surface water quality is mostly Ⅱ to Ⅲ, and locally Ⅳ. Most noncompliant months are during the non-flood season, and all values exceed the standard permanganate index. Groundwater is Class III or better, and the hydrochemistry type is predominantly calcium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and magnesium bicarbonate. By exploring the evaluation model of the Yangtze River Delta watershed characteristics, this study aims to provide a helpful reference for extending water resource evaluation in the Yangtze River Delta. Accordingly, this study can promote the sustainable development of the economic and social sectors of the Yangtze River Delta and the construction of its ecological environment.

Antibiotic Resistance of Heterotrophic Bacteria Isolated from Drinking Water – from the Water Source to the Consumers’ Taps

The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance (ABR) phenotype of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from a Bulgarian drinking water supply system. The disc diffusion method of Kirby-Bauer was used in the bacterial isolates susceptibility testing toward 13 antibiotics from 7 classes. The ABR phenotype of 233 bacterial strains was determined and the influence of drinking water treatment and its transportation in the water supply network on the ABR prevalence was assessed. Among the isolates, the ABR incidence was low or medium, only tetracycline resistance was very rare, and no gentamicin resistance was detected; 42% of the isolates were resistant to one class of antibiotics, and 11% exhibited multiple resistance. Water chlorination has led to restructuring of the aquatic community and changes of the predominant ABR phenotypes. The ABR phenotype of the isolates differed depending on the drinking water sampling point demonstrating the local influence of the water supply network. Although there is no regulation of the ABR of drinking water, the data demonstrated prevalence of bacterial resistance to different antibiotics and need of a greater concern the microbiological water quality.

Water quality assessment for irrigation canals case study in the Bingol, Turkey

The aim of this study was to determine the quality of the water used as irrigation water by the agricultural farmers in the city center of Bingol, to determine the physico-chemical properties of the water used in the region, to study the seasonal changes and to calculate of the irrigation water quality evaluation. Taking into account the seasonal fluctuations of the irrigation water sampling points (O, K, A), pH values 7.63-7.94, EC values 0.14-0.16 dS/m, Na values 0.27-0.32 me/L, K values 0.08 me/L, Ca values 0.75-0.81 me/L, Mg values 0.33-0.38 me/L, SO4 values 0.12-0.13 me/L, bicarbonate 3.16-3.36 me/L, and chlorine values between 0.51-0.55 me/L. Parameters such as SAR, KI, Na%, and PI were calculated to determine the suitability of the existing irrigation water quality in the study area. When the SAR values were examined, it was determined that they were between 0.36-0.42, RSC values were between 1.5-2.5, and IWQI values were between 77.33-78.42. As a result of the quality evaluations made at the irrigation water line located in the center of Bingol province, it was determined that there was no difference in the quality parameters when the seasonal changes in the long-term sampling for five years were taken into consideration.

Health risk assessment, water quality indices and reproductive hormone profile among Abakpa citizens in Enugu metropolis

Numerous substances has been attributed to elicit endocrine-disruption and may potentially affect healthy reproductive functions. This study was carried out to determine the health risk assessment, water quality indices and reproductive hormone profile among citizens of Abakpa in Enugu metropolis. Ten (10) water sampling points comprising of wells and streams were analyzed for chemical properties such BOD, COD, DO, pH, TSS, TDS, Total Hardness, and Alkalinity and Heavy metal composition such as Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd) and Mercury (Hg) using the American Public Health Association’s (APHA) guidelines and Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) respectively. Five (5) blood samples comprising males and females was collected across the sampling areas and assayed for reproductive hormone profile such as Testosterone, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Progesterone, Prolactin, Estradiol and the enzyme Aromatase was using the ELISA kit method. The result of chemical properties such as TSS, TDS, COD, Total hardness and Alkalinity were all within World Health Organization (WHO) stipulated limits, whereas DO, BOD and pH were higher than WHO limits across all sampling points from the sampling area. Some parameters showed significance difference while some sample did not at different sampling locations at 95% confidence level. The result of heavy metals showed very high concentrations of analyzed metals with Hg present in five water samples from Abakpa at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1.96 ppm. Pb concentration ranged between 0.06-0.35 ppm; Zn 24.93- 33.65 ppm; Cr 0.00 – 0.23 ppm; Cd. 0.11 – 0.17 ppm across all sampling points. All the result of reproductive hormone showed lower concentration of testosterone in men (1.99 to 2.19 ng/ml) and high concentration in females (2.03 to 2.06 ng/ml) across all sampling points. The concentration of FSH was in the range of 0.67 to 0.77 ng/ml in males, while the level was between 0.71 to 0.83 ng/ml in female. Prolactin results was 3.49 to 3.86 ng/ml for males and 3.44 to 3.59 ng/ml in females. Estradiol levels were 8.48 to 9.54 ng/ml and 9.61 to 9.84 ng/ml for females and males respectively. However, progesterone level were between 34.08 to 37.45 ng/ml for females and 36.48 to 39.56 ng/ml. The aromatase enzyme was averagely below 4.0 Pmol/mg in both male and female. The risk assessment showed low risk exposure but mercury had high risk exposure tendencies of 16.333 when compared to other heavy metals from all samples. Consumption of water in sampled area’s may pose a serious health challenge; high concentration of heavy metals could be attributed to the hormonal imbalance recorded in the research as most heavy metals is seen to reduce the expression and activity of 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD, which could be facilitated by high acidic nature of the water. Thus, interfering with steroidogenesis. Therefore, continuous monitoring of water quality in Abakpa in Enugu metropolis is highly recommended in order to ensure the health safety of humans living in such environment.

Effects of Industrial Wastewater on Water Quality Tigris River at Baghdad Using (GIS) Technique

Tigris River has been affected by industrial wastewater pollution in Iraq. One water sampling point was taken for each of the five sites of industrial wastewater plants, which are located south of Baghdad along the length of the river about 9 Km within the study area from (33°15'52.63"N, 44°22'13.98"E) to (33°16'54.94"N, 44°27'15.86"E) navigated by GPS (GARMIN 72), coordinates system WGS_1984_UTM_Zone_38N. The Analysis of water quality Includes several parameters; WQI was used to assess the water quality of the river according to a mathematical equation. Five water quality parameters were considered, those are Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Sulfate (SO4), Phosphate (PO4), and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) for the period (2020 to 2021). Water Quality Index (WQI) analysis technique according to an arithmetic weighted formula and using geographic information system (GIS) technique - Symbology method was used to display the results and analyzes as accurate and up-to-date colourful maps to describe water quality. Indicate the water sampling results were classified from poor to very poor for the period 2020 to 2021. The research aims, to use (GIS) to show that industrial wastewater runoff must be treated properly and completely before being discharged into the water stream.

ASSESSMENT OF GROUND WATER QUALITY AND ITS IMPACT ON HUMAN HEALTH (A CASE STUDY OF SHORKOT CITY), (JHANG) PUNJAB, PAKISTAN


 
 
 Achieving resourceful, beneficial and cost-effective water purification techniques for the public is the important to human existence and growth, because the management of water at present is a global issue. Water is the main resource vital for supporting all human actions, so its provision in preferred quantity and quality is of highest significance. Water contamination effects drinking water quality which subsequently damages health of humans. The current research mainly focuses on evaluating the drinking water quality in Shorkot City of Jhang district and its potential effects on human health. The objective of the research was to find out the spatial distribution of water contaminants and their concentration in the ground water quality and analyze the impact of drinking water on the health of humans of study area besides to identify the main waterborne diseases. Different analyses comprising of physical, chemical and microbiological examinations were performed on the water samples collected from 45 areas of the study area. Locations of these samples were noted with the help of Global Positing System (GPS). Data was presented by Geo Statistical Analysis technique in ArcGIS10x. The interpolation of the consequences of drinking water sample points was observed by Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) methods. The concentration of TDS 62%, Alkalinity 12%, turbidity 6%, calcium 62%, magnesium 6%, hardness 44% and chloride 28% values exceeds as compared to WHO proposed standard limit. Similarly, the value of PH 100% remains under the permissible limit and Electrical conductivity 100% values exceed as compared to WHO proposed standard limit values. Survey results showed that higher concentration of calcium, TDS, chloride, magnesium, turbidity, Alkalinity, Electrical conductivity and hardness cause Dysentery, Typhoid, Cholera, Diarrhea, Gastroenteritis, Hepatitis, Scabies, Kidney stone, Asthma, Cancer, Heart diseases. Quality of water becomes worse due to agricultural substances, untreated industrial discharge and urban effluent that effect on their health. It is hoped that, results of this research will provide worthwhile perceptions for safe water provision for the people of the study area and justifiable management of resources of drinking water to decrease the human health risks.
 
 

The influence of intensive fertilization on some indicators of groundwater quality in the area of the Western Plain of Romania

After the change of the communist regime and the takeover of agricultural areas by private permits, they, in the context of the presence on the market of a limited range of chemical fertilizers at low prices, began their irrational application, in order to obtain large yields. Although most farmers currently apply fertilizer resources on a scientific basis, the effect of previous practices is still felt, affecting groundwater quality. This paper aims to assess the impact of chemical fertilizers on water quality indicators in a former rural area, now peri urban in the Banat Plain. 10 water sampling points were established (wells and boreholes), and the sampling was done over a period of 6 months (from November 2020 till June 2021). The parameters determined and the range of values were: pH: 6,65 ÷ 7,90; NO3- (mg·l-1): 1,23 ÷ 158,15; NO2- (mg·l-1): 0 ÷ 10,76; NH4+ (mg·l-1): 0 ÷ 5,12, EC (μS/cm): 420 ÷ 1918; PO43- (mg·l-1): 0,0107 ÷ 1,518; Cl- (mg·l-1): 9,35 ÷ 174; SO42- (mg·l-1): 18,79 ÷229,18. The interdependencies between these parameters were also studied.

The State and Structure of Macrozoobenthos Communities of the Usman River according to the Materials of the 2021 Expeditionary Survey

Background: For small rivers, the monitoring carried out by the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Voronezh Region is insufficient due to the limited number of water sampling points and the assessment of its quality only by a number of priority chemical and microbiological indicators. Objective: To assess the state and structure of macrozoobenthos communities of the Usman River affected by local anthropogenic contamination. Materials and methods: The analysis of the river water quality included testing of safety and chemical indicators by laboratory research methods. Surveys of the macrozoobenthos of the river were conducted as part of the research expedition in September–October 2021. The dominant information structure of bottom communities from the upper reaches to the mouth of the river was analyzed, after low water and pollution of the upper reaches of the river by industrial and household effluents in the 2020/2021 winter period. We established the main types of communities, identified dominant species, and analyzed indicators of the information structure. Results: Our findings confirm a strong destructive effect of organic discharges of “Ovoschi Chernozemya” LLC [Vegetables of the Black Earth Region] and “Vodokanal” wastewater service of the town of Usman on the bottom communities of the river, where, in comparison with the background, near the village of Krasnoe, we observed a change of community types and a multiple decrease in species diversity, abundance, biomass, stability, suppression of information diversity, and “jump” in entropy, indicating either degradation or a period of community restructuring.

Analisis Sebaran Air Lindi Terhadap Kualitas Air Sumur Di Sekitar TPA Sukosari, Karanganyar

Landfill activities can produce leachate water that can be infiltrated into the soil so that it can pollute the surrounding well water.. This study aims to map the distribution of leachate water to the quality of shallow groundwater around TPA. Sampling of well water owned by residents is 100-700 meters from the TPA and 2 leachate water sample points of the Sukosari TPA. The parameters of leachate water and well water analyzed include, pH, BOD, COD. The quality standard for shallow groundwater quality used is the class I quality standard of Government Regulation No.82 of 2001, while the leachate water quality standard used is the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia No P.59 / Menlhk / Setjen / Kum.1 / 7/2016. The quality of shallow groundwater around the Sukosari TPA is polluted with leachate water judging from the parameters of pH, BOD and COD. The pH parameter does not meet the quality standards, the BOD value that meets the quality standards is only 6.7,8.9. COD value that meets the quality standards is only the location of the well 7. The effect of leachate water derived from the Sukosari TPA on well water quality showed a positive correlation for the pH parameter, namely with a value coefficient of 0.911 and for the BOD and COD parameters showed a negative correlation, namely with a BOD value of -0.657 and a COD value of -0.628 and there was a significant relationship. Map data processing techniques with Kriging and IDW interpolation methods.Keywords: groundwater, shallow groundwater quality, litter, TPA.