Demand For Water Resources Research Articles

A Comprehensive Analysis of China’s Water Resources Tax Reform

In response to the growing disparity between the supply and demand of water resources, the Chinese government has piloted a more binding and reformed water resources tax to realize the sustainable utilization of water resources. However, reasonable tax standards and their water-saving effects and economic benefits are important and worthy of attention. Therefore, in this study, we combine the virtual water theory with the price input–output model to discuss the impact of water resources taxation on the economy and its water-saving effects. The results show the following: (1) A water resources tax has a significant water-saving effect, and is predicted to save 33.12 billion cubic meters of virtual water. (2) Consumers’ expected reductions in spending on food and tobacco manufacturing and agriculture are predicted to save more virtual water at a lower economic cost. (3) The collection of water resources taxes can actively and simultaneously guide water savings in terms of consumption and production. The water consumption of the construction industry is worthy of attention. The expected output value reduction accounts for 67.2% of the total output value reduction, and its water savings account for 96% of the total water savings. Other service sectors also have ample room to optimize the utilization of their water resources.

Optimizing Mini Dam Placement for Sustainable Water Management in FUTA: A GIS-MCDA Approach

Addressing the increasing demand for water resources at the Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA) due to the growing population requires a data-driven solution. This study determined the suitable locations for the siting of mini-dams as an alternative solution to the problem of water scarcity in FUTA using a Geographical Information Systems (GIS)-based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) approach by integrating five thematic factors: drainage density, slope, elevation, land cover and soil texture. Preference values were assigned to the criteria based on their importance to a dam. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to assign weights to these criteria, and they were combined using a weighted sum to produce a mini dam suitability map within the study area. The suitable areas were divided into five classes: highly suitable (9%), suitable (18%), marginally suitable (30%), least suitable (26%) and not suitable (17%). The suitability map was validated against the locations of existing dams in the study area. This study contributes to the efforts to manage water resources for a growing population in FUTA and to evaluate the GIS-AHP approach for dam siting for a small study area.

Climate Change Implications for Agricultural Productivity: A Comprehensive Analysis

The impact of climate change on global agriculture has been noticeable in recent decades, with rapid trends affecting various agricultural regions. As we look to the future, concerns about food security arise, prompting questions about the potential effects on aggregate productivity. Numerous factors, such as population growth, income disparities, dietary preferences, disease incidence, and competing demands for land and water resources, will influence global food security in the coming decades. While studies indicate that the overall food supply worldwide may not be seriously jeopardized by projected climate changes, there is a growing consensus that food insecurity in Africa will intensify. The risk of hunger is expected to increase both in terms of percentage and absolute numbers throughout the century. Despite projections suggesting a relatively minimal impact on the global average supply of calories in the next few decades, ranging from close to zero to potentially 20% to 30% of overall yield trends, the complexity of the issue is underscored by significant regional variations. The global perspective on food security conceals nuanced changes at smaller scales, which could have substantial implications even if overall production is maintained. To mitigate uncertainties in understanding global impacts, this paper recommends improving estimates of global warming rates and the responsiveness of crop yields to both warming and increased carbon dioxide levels. The responsiveness of yields is intricately linked to various factors, including genetic improvements made to crops, making it essential to address these variables for a more accurate assessment of future scenarios. Keywords: Climate Change, Agricultural Productivity, Food Security, Global Warming, Crop Yield Responsiveness

Removal of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Aquatic Streams Using a Resin Supported Green nZVI

This study addresses the escalating demand for clean water resources driven by population growth and water quality deterioration. The research focuses on evaluating the efficacy of a nanocomposite material, incorporating zero valent iron nanoparticles into a chelating cation exchange resin matrix, for selectively removing heavy metals from polluted aquatic environments. The selected resin, featuring iminodiacetic acid functional groups, demonstrates notable selectivity for heavy metal cations over alkali earth metals. Column experiments were conducted to assess the nanocomposite’s performance, utilizing a feed solution spiked with heavy metals at concentrations ten times higher than Greek legislation limits for wastewater effluent recycling. The nanocomposite exhibited significant effectiveness for Cu, Cr(VI), and Pb, consistently maintaining Cu levels below detection limits and demonstrating limited breakthrough of Cr(VI) and Pb depending on experimental conditions. However, the removal efficiency was lower for Ni and insufficient for Cd, Zn, and As in this complex multicomponent solution. This research contributes valuable insights into the potential application of the developed nanocomposite for targeted removal of specific heavy metals in contaminated water sources, providing a foundation for further exploration and application in water remediation technologies.

Research on Key Technologies for Optimization of Water Systems and Efficient Utilization of Regenerated Water in Thermal Power Plants

Water is the source of life, an essential element in production, and the foundation of ecosystems. In the natural hydrological cycle, water that can be utilized by humans is referred to as water resources. Water resources form the basis for human survival and development, intimately connected to daily life, and concurrently represent a controlling factor in the ecological environment. It is well-known that the thermal power generation industry has consistently been a major consumer of water in the industrial sector, with substantial demands for water resources. Throughout the process of thermal power generation, water resources are extensively utilized for cooling, steam generation, waste heat discharge, and other processes. This large-scale utilization of water resources not only imposes pressure on local water resources but also leads to pollution of water environments and disruption of ecosystems.To address the challenges posed by the limited availability of water resources and environmental pollution, this paper explores the key technologies for optimizing water systems in thermal power plants. Through in-depth analyses of 3S water source optimization technology, ABFT biological treatment processes, recycled water utilization technology in the circulating cooling system, reclaimed water reuse technology, and the coal-fired "flue gas desulfurization" process, coupled with empirical studies of typical cases, the aim is to propose viable optimization solutions for water systems.

Spatiotemporal Changes in and Driving Factors of Potential Evapotranspiration in a Hyper-Arid Locale in the Hami Region, China

Potential evapotranspiration (PET) is a crucial variable for implementing adaptation measures to mitigate the potential impacts of climate change on water resources. In the context of global warming, PET is essential for predicting water resource supply and demand, guiding irrigation and water management decisions. However, there is limited understanding of the spatiotemporal changes in PET and its driving factors in the hyper-arid regions of Northwest China. In this study, the Hargreaves model was employed to estimate PET in the Hami region from 1991 to 2020. By combining relevant climate data and partial correlation analysis, we investigated the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of PET within the study area and analyzed the factors influencing these patterns. The results showed the following: (1) From 1991 to 2020, the overall PET in the Hami region demonstrated a tendency to rise. The interannual trend rates of PET for the full year, spring, summer, autumn, and winter were 0.933, 2.744, 0.906, 0.488, and −0.406 mm·a-1, respectively. Despite a decreasing trend in winter PET, the other seasonal PET values and the annual PET values exhibited an increasing trend. (2) The spatial distribution of both annual and seasonal PET showed significant regional heterogeneity, following a consistent pattern marked by lower values in the central part and higher values in the surrounding areas. The southern region tended to have relatively high PET, while the northwestern region experienced comparatively low PET. (3) Partial correlation analysis indicated significant differences in the impact of various climatic factors on PET. The maximum temperature emerged as the dominant factor influencing annual PET variation, while precipitation played a leading role in influencing autumn PET variation. This study underscores the influence of climate change on PET in the Hami region, contributing to an enhanced comprehension of PET variations.

Groundwater level prediction using an improved SVR model integrated with hybrid particle swarm optimization and firefly algorithm

The demand for water resources has increased due to rapid increase of metropolitan areas brought on by growth in population and industrialisation. In addition, the groundwater recharge is being afftected by shifting land use pattern caused by urban development. Using precise and trustworthy estimates of groundwater level is vital for the sustainable groundwater resources management in the face of changing climatic circumstances. In this context, machine learning (ML) methods offer a new and promising approach for accurately forecasting long-term changes in the groundwater level (GWL) without computational effort of developing a comprehensive flow model. In order to simulate GWL, five data-driven (DD) models, including the hybridization of support vector regression (SVR) with two optimisation algorithms i.e., firefly algorithm and particle swarm optimisation (FFAPSO), SVR-FFA, SVR-PSO, SVR and Multilayer perception (MLP), have been examined in the present study. Spatial clustering was utilised to choose four observation wells within Cuttack district in order to study and assess the water levels. Six scenarios were created by incorporating numerous variables, such as GWL in the previous months, evapotranspiration, temperature, precipitation, and river discharge. The goal was to identify the variables that were most efficient in predicting GWL. The SVR-FFAPSO model performs best in GWL forecasting for Khuntuni station, according to the quantitative analysis with correlation coefficient (R) = 0.9978, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) = 0.9933, mean absolute error (MAE) = 0.00025 (m), root mean squared error (RMSE) = 0.00775 (m) during the training phase. It is advised that groundwater monitoring network and data collecting system are strengthen in India for ensuring effective modelling of long-term management of groundwater resources.

An input-output hydro-economic model to assess the economic pressure on water resources

This study develops a hydroeconomic input-output (IO) model to evaluate the pressures that economic activities exert on water resources. For a better understanding of the sectoral and total impacts, three innovations are incorporated with respect to previous literature: i) the development of a methodology for disaggregating the extended water demand (blue water plus grey water) by economic sector, ii) the use of the IO side of the model to reclassify water demand by “extracting” and “demanding” sectors, and iii) the proposition of an improved indicator of pressure on water resources based on a “feasible” measure of water supply. Empirically tested in the Tuscany region (Italy), our findings reveal significant changes in the structure of economic pressures when adopting the proposed approach. When assessing direct total water withdrawals, agriculture accounts for 61% and manufacture for 20% of regional pressures. However, when considering only the demand for water resources exposed to scarcity reclassified by demanding sectors, agriculture falls to 5% and manufacture rises to 54%. By incorporating grey water in water demand and a “feasible” measure of supply, the regional water exploitation indicator increases from 0.05 to 0.19, and can even reach 0.30 with dry hydrological conditions, beyond the threshold for moderate scarcity (0.20). The unbalance between water supply and demand worsen even more when considering the balance of surface waters only (1.16). The proposed model can support an in-depth analysis of an economy’s water footprint, allowing impacts to be mapped from specific industries to particular water bodies. This information can support decisions about sustainable water management at the national and regional levels.

An integrated analysis framework towards identifying circulation relationship of water-energy-carbon in complex system: A case study in Shandong Province

Comprehensive understanding of the complex relationship among water, energy, and carbon emissions (WEC) is crucial for achieving socio-economic structural transformation and regional sustainable development. It represents a complex systemic undertaking that necessitates coordinated efforts across multiple domains and requires intricate planning and balancing. However, as the relationships between regional water resources, energy, and carbon emissions become increasingly acute, systematically examining the circulating relationships of a typical regional Water-Energy-Carbon system under changing conditions is still a challenge for regional sustainable development. In this study, we propose an integrated framework by jointly employing the Environmental Input-Output model and Structural Path analysis to assess the embodied intensities and circulation characteristics of WEC in Shandong Province, a major energy-consuming province in China. The results indicate that in 2017, the industries with the highest embodied WEC intensities are water production and supply industry (224.36 m3/10,000 CNY), coal mining and washing industry (1.66 tce/10,000 CNY), and transportation, postal, and telecommunication industry (2.36 tons/10,000 CNY). During the study period, most industries exhibited decreasing trends in embodied WEC intensities. Notably, the energy intensity and carbon intensity showed a certain positive correlation. For Shandong Province, both the embodied WEC trade flows in 2012 and 2017 demonstrated net inflows. The changes in embodied energy consumption and carbon emissions end consumption were minor, whereas the terminal demand for water resources decreased by 10.3 billion cubic meters, with urban consumption being its main form. Agriculture serves as the largest sector for embodied water transfer and trade-in, while the construction industry is the primary sector for energy and carbon transfer and trade, with 98 % of the construction industry's embodied quantity used for fixed capital formation. This study contributes to bridge the gap in regional resource management and provides a scientific basis to make policy on water conservation, energy efficiency, and emissions reduction.

Comprehensive assessment of carbon-, biomaterial- and inorganic-based adsorbents for the removal of the most hazardous heavy metal ions from wastewater.

Owing to the high cost of recycling waste, underdeveloped countries discharge industrial, agricultural, and anthropogenic effluents without pretreatment. As a result, pollutant-loaded waste enters water bodies. Among the diverse toxic contaminants, heavy metal ions are the most detrimental because of their chronic toxicity, non-degradability, prevalence, and bioaccumulation. The growing shortage of water resources demands the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater. Three SDGs of the sustainability agenda of the United Nations appeal for clean water to protect life beneath water and on land depending on the water sources. Therefore, efficient environmentally friendly approaches for wastewater treatment are urgently required. In this regard, several methods have been developed for the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater, including adsorption as the most widely used method owing to its eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable nature. The present review discusses the progress in the preparation and application of various adsorbents based on carbon, micro-organisms, agricultural waste and inorganic materials for the extraction of toxic metal ions such as Pb2+, Cr6+, As3+, As5+, Hg2+ and Cd2+. Herein, we provide information on the role of the homogeneity and heterogeneity of adsorbents, kinetics of the adsorption of an adsorbate on the surface of an adsorbent, insights into adsorption reaction pathways, the mechanism of the sorption process, and the uptake of solutes from solution. The present review will be useful for researchers working on environmental protection and clean environment.

Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Yield and Water Use Efficiency in the Semi-Arid Region of Awash Basin, Ethiopia

Crop production is largely limited by water availability in arid and semi-arid regions of Ethiopia. Changing climate conditions and declining water resources demand appropriate approaches to improve crop yield and water use efficiency through a reduced and more reliable water supply. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of limited irrigation water use on bread wheat production and water use efficiency under the semi-arid climate conditions of Awash basin of Ethiopia. Five irrigation levels, that is, full irrigation (100% ETc/control), 85% ETc, 70% ETc, 55% ETc, and 40% ETc, were evaluated using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates. Statistical analysis has shown a significant effect of irrigation levels on wheat grain yield, water use efficiency, economic profit, wheat grain quality, and aboveground biomass. The highest grain yield (5,085 kg ha−1) was obtained from 100% ETc irrigation application (i.e. 417.2 mm of water), and the lowest grain yield was obtained from 40% ETc (i.e. 223.7 mm of water) application. A deficit level of 85% ETc resulted in a yield that was comparable to that of full irrigation. Compared to other treatments, the 70% ETc application produced the highest water use efficiency (1.42 kg m−3). Using the saved water obtained from 70% ETc deficit irrigation application, 23.4% more wheat could be produced on 1.38 ha of land, resulting in the highest profit (US$2,563.9) and higher MRR (137%). The yield response factor and crop-water production function indicated that maintaining irrigation at optimal levels can prevent potential yield reductions. Consequently, a 70% ETc deficit irrigation application was found to be optimal for increasing wheat grain yield, water use efficiency, and economic benefits from irrigated wheat production. These results suggest that deficit irrigation for wheat under semi-arid climatic conditions is a viable irrigation management option for enhancing water use efficiency.

1975–2018年呼伦湖湖泊边界数据集

With economic development and improving living standards, the demand for water resources is steadily increasing. Monitoring water resources allows for the collection of spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of water bodies, conducive to the dynamic management of water resources. Area is an important parameter for water bodies. Satellite remote sensing data enables efficient, accurate, and convenient monitoring of water bodies, providing various parameters of water body. In this study, based on Landsat images, we calculated the normalized water index, and used the OTSU algorithm to determine the water extraction threshold, so as to produce a dataset of water boundaries of Hulun Lake from 1975 to 2018, spanning 38 periods. The overall accuracy of this dataset exceeds 99%. This dataset comprises a long time series of water boundaries, lake areas and other attribute information of Hulun Lake. It can provide basic data support for the assessment of lake temporal and spatial changes as well as lake water quantity changes. In addition, the dataset can support research on the relationship between water resources change, climate change and lake’s response. The extraction and monitoring of water boundary changes in Hulun Lake are of great significance to ecological environment protection and sustainable economic development.

Multi-Objective Performance of Detention Basins and Rainwater Harvesting Systems Using Real-Time Controls with Rainfall Forecasts

Climate change and an increase in urbanization are severely testing urban drainage systems; at the same time, population growth is leading to an increase in demand for water resources, while climate change is more likely to reduce the amount of water that is available to meet this demand. The present study finds a solution to both problems by assuming a hybrid use of detention basins, i.e., providing a real-time control system (RTC) for the outfall discharge managed according to the rainfall forecast and the water level in the tank, to reuse rainwater for non-potable use and, at the same time, to guarantee the hydraulic protection of the downstream system. Twenty-seven scenarios were simulated using the numerical model SWMM 5.1, assuming different types of controls on the discharge. The simulations show a non-potable water-saving efficiency from a minimum of 32% to a maximum of 90%, and the reduction in volume discharged is between 11% and 31%, while the peak flow rate varies more significantly depending on the type of control used. These results highlight the detention basins’ potential deriving from the hybrid use of this system with rainwater harvesting systems.

Irrigation Water Use Payments and Policies in Developing Countries

Nowadays, water tariffs in economic developing countries are considered one of the important factors and it is not a secret that one of the reasons for the water crisis in Central Asian Countries is the growing demand for water resources. The resource is becoming scarce like in other continent of earth. It is measured as the most important natural resource and abundant liquid on earth. In this study irrigation water charging case of Uzbekistan and foreign practices, model of tariffs for water services and pricing elements have been analyzed. Irrigation water charging methods in different countries are used in different ways.

Climate Change Impacts on Agricultural and Industrial Water Demands in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region Using Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM)

As a politically and culturally important city cluster, the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region is the most prominent area in China where the imbalance between the supply and demand of water resources restricts the sustainable and healthy development of the regional social economy. In the context of global warming, research into water demand prediction that takes climate change into consideration would be more in line with the strategic goal of the low-carbon sustainable development of future cities. At the same time, the prediction of agricultural water demands against a background of climate change is urgently needed, while industrial water consumption is weakly correlated with climate change, an investigation of the statistical relationship between the two is needed. Thus, in this paper, future climate data from the BTH region under the scenarios RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 were generated using a statistical downscaling model, and then coupled with agricultural and industrial water demand prediction models to simulate and analyze the impact of climate change on the agricultural and industrial water demands, respectively. The results show that during the forecast period (2020–2035), the reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) growth rates in the Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei areas under the RCP2.6 scenario are 1.438 mm·a−1, 1.393 mm·a−1 and 2.059 mm·a−1, respectively. Under the RCP4.5 scenario, they are 2.252 mm·a−1, 2.310 mm·a−1 and 2.827 mm·a−1, respectively. Under the RCP8.5 scenario, they are 3.123 mm·a−1, 2.310 mm·a−1 and 2.141 mm·a−1, respectively. Furthermore, under each climate scenario, the increase in evapotranspiration in the Hebei area is the largest, followed by that in the Tianjin area, and that in the Beijing area is the smallest. For water consumption per CNY 10,000 of industrial added value during the forecast period, under the three different climate scenarios, a downward trend is seen in the Beijing area, with rates of 0.158, 0.153 and 0.110, respectively, but in the Tianjin area, there is an upward trend, with an upward tendency in rates of 0.170, 0.087 and 0.071, and an upward trend in the Hebei area, with an upward tendency in rates of 0.254, 0.071 and 0.036, respectively. This study will help the BTH region to rationally allocate agricultural and industrial water against the background of future climate change, and strengthen the coordination and cooperation between the different regions to promote the healthy and sustainable development of the cities.

Heavy Metal Remediation from Water/Wastewater Using Bioadsorbents - A Review

This paper aims to emphasize heavy metals’ impact on water and its removal mechanism with a focus on adsorption. Furthermore, factors affecting bio adsorption, such as temperature, pH, RPM, and initial heavy metal concentration, have been studied for different heavy metals and bioadsorbents. A comparison of their adsorption capacities and efficiencies has been made. This review reviewed different bioadsorbents for their suitability in removing cadmium, lead, and copper ions from water and wastewater, typically by using adsorption as a methodology. A suitable summary compares various heavy metal removal techniques and their advantages and limitations. For adsorption, the characteristics of bioadsorbents and their activation steps have been consolidated. Furthermore, the effects of operational parameters and adsorption mechanisms have been discussed in the review. Apart from assessing the suitability of bioadsorbent, a novel bioadsorbent has been suggested for copper ions removal. The findings shall be significantly useful in applying bioadsorbent in water/wastewater treatment fields to reduce heavy metal pollution. Thorough and well-planned research in this field can facilitate the creation of sustainable and durable technology for wastewater treatment, addressing the increasing demand for safe and dependable water resources, focusing on making it cost-effective and recyclable.

Boosting the Viable Water Harvesting in Solar Vapor Generation: From Interfacial Engineering to Devices Design.

Continuously increasing demand for the life-critical water resource induces severe global water shortages. It is imperative to advance effective, economic, and environmentally sustainable strategies to augment clean water supply. The present work reviews recent reports on the interfacial engineering to devices design of solar vapor generation (SVG) system for boosting the viability of drinkable water harvesting. Particular emphasis is placed on the basic principles associated with the interfacial engineering of solar evaporators capable of efficient solar-to-thermal conversion and resulting freshwater vapor via eliminating pollutants from quality-impaired water sources. The critical configurations manufacturing of the devices for fast condensation is then highlighted to harvest potable liquid water. Fundamental and practical challenges, along with prospects for the targeted materials architecture and devices modifications of SVG system are also outlined, aiming to provide future directions and inspiring critical research efforts in this emerging and exciting field.

Energizing Sustainable Agriculture: Advances in Greenhouse Heating through Microwave-Based Technologies

For the agricultural sector to develop sustainably in the future, progress toward more environmentally friendly technologies and methods is crucial. It is necessary to increase output while reducing the demand for energy, agrochemicals, and water resources. Although greenhouses can be utilized successfully for this purpose, significant technical advancements are required, especially when it comes to heating, to lower the use of fossil fuels and boost energy efficiency. Microwaves can warm plants without heating the entire greenhouse volume, which takes a significant amount of energy to compensate for heat loss in the outdoor environment. In this paper, through a thorough examination of the state of the art, a general overview of novel greenhouse heating systems based on radiation is reported. First, the strengths and weaknesses of microwave heating are discussed, and finally, the use of microwaves for soil sterilization is examined. All outcomes suggest these irradiation-based technologies can contribute significantly to energetically sustainable agriculture; moreover, they can be used to increase plant comfort.

Study on the Optimal Allocation of Water Resources Based on the Perspective of Water Rights Trading

Water rights trading plays an important role in the market mechanism to optimize the allocation of water resources. This study takes Luxian county of Sichuan province as the research area. Based on the prediction of water supply and demand, this study aims to achieve minimum water shortage and maximum economic benefits for regional water distribution, and introduces a water-saving reward and water price punishment mechanism to construct a two-layer collaborative regulation model of water rights trading for water users. The self-improved elite strategy and cogenetic algorithm (NSGA II-S) are used to solve the optimization model, and the optimal allocation of water resources and water rights trading in different towns in the planning year (2025 and 2030) under different flat and dry scenarios is studied. The results show that there would be an obvious problem in the uneven distribution of water resources between supply and demand in 2025 and 2030. The overall water shortage rates in the flat and dry scenario areas in 2025 are 13.71% and 31.99%, respectively, and the overall water shortage rates in the flat and dry scenario areas in 2030 are 11.55% and 31.94%, respectively. Water rights trading can increase the economic benefit value, with the economic benefit increasing by an average of CNY 614 million in all scenarios, an average increase of 8.68%. The research results could be helpful in alleviating the contradiction between the supply and demand of regional water resources and provide a theoretical basis for optimizing water resource allocation by means of water rights trading in the region.

A New Socio-Hydrology System Based on System Dynamics and a SWAT-MODFLOW Coupling Model for Solving Water Resource Management in Nanchang City, China

To address the issue of seasonal water resource shortages in Nanchang City, a multi-system coupling socio-hydrology simulation method was proposed. This approach involves dynamically integrating a centralized socio-economic model with a distributed surface water groundwater numerical model to explore the intricate relationships between the socio-economic system, the surface water–groundwater integrated system, and the outcomes related to seasonal water resource shortages. Taking Nanchang City as an example, this study conducted research on the water resource supply and demand balance, as well as the groundwater emergency supply, using the multi-system coupling model. Three scenarios were established: status quo, developing, and water-saving. The results show that with the increasing total water demand of social and economic development, the severity of the water resource shortage will be most pronounced in 2030. The minimum water resources supply and demand ratios for the status quo, developing, and water-saving scenarios are projected to be 0.68, 0.52, and 0.77, respectively. To meet residents’ water needs during drought conditions, emergency groundwater supply efforts are investigated. According to the simulation results, groundwater emergency supply would increase the total population by 24.0 thousand, 49.4 thousand, and 11.2 thousand people, respectively, in the status quo, developing, and water-saving scenarios. In the water-saving scenario, the Youkou and Xiebu water sources can serve as suitable emergency water sources. In the status quo scenario, the Youkou water source is the most viable emergency water source. However, in the developing scenario, relying solely on any single water source for emergency supply could have an irreversible impact on the aquifer. Therefore, considering the simultaneous use of multiple water sources is recommended, as it can fulfill water demands while ensuring the sustainable utilization of groundwater resources.