Water Resources Center Research Articles

Modeling and Simulation of Flow through The Construction of River Cover Embankment: Case Study of Sei Wampu Weir, Langkat Regency, Indonesia

Sei Wampu Weir construction project faced problems related to river cover embankment work, where the river cover embankment experiences scouring on the riverbed during flooding. The purpose of this study is to simulate flow model and determine the maximum flow speed, hence, the appropriate structure of cover concrete blocks can be determined. The analysis of water availability in this study used the F.J. Mock method by considering the watershed area, rainfall data, climatological data, evapotranspiration, and other supporting data to obtain 80% of the mainstay. Modeling and simulation of flow through river cover embankments was performed using the Hec-Ras 5.0.7 program with three scenarios. The determination of Locked Concrete Blocks as a handling solution refers to the Scientific Manuscript of Locked Concrete Blocks as Riverbed Control Buildings of the Water Resources Center in 2014. Results found the mainstay discharge analysis of 80% in year 2020, which was 139.10 m3/s. The model results in the first scenario (width of the river still open about 85 meters) obtained a flow speed of 2.04 m/s, the second scenario (width of the river still open about 30 meters) obtained a flow speed of 2.48 m/s, and the third scenario (width that was still open about 10 meters) obtained a flow speed of 4.34 m/s. The locked concrete blocks for the first scenario used the six-foot locked concrete block type, whereas the second and third scenarios used the eight-foot locked concrete block. Based on numerical modeling and analysis results of locked concrete blocks, the appropriate and efficient scenario for closing the river cover embankment in the sei wampu weir construction project is the second scenario.

Ohio Coronavirus Wastewater Monitoring Network: Implementation of Statewide Monitoring for Protecting Public Health.

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, wastewater influent monitoring for tracking disease burden in sewered communities was not performed in Ohio, and this field was only on the periphery of the state academic research community. Because of the urgency of the pandemic and extensive state-level support for this new technology to detect levels of community infection to aid in public health response, the Ohio Water Resources Center established relationships and support of various stakeholders. This enabled Ohio to develop a statewide wastewater SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) monitoring network in 2 months starting in July 2020. The current Ohio Coronavirus Wastewater Monitoring Network (OCWMN) monitors more than 70 unique locations twice per week, and publicly available data are updated weekly on the public dashboard. This article describes the process and decisions that were made during network initiation, the network progression, and data applications, which can inform ongoing and future pandemic response and wastewater monitoring. Overall, the OCWMN established wastewater monitoring infrastructure and provided a useful tool for public health professionals responding to the pandemic.

Experiences in the Process of Strengthening AGUASANA Organization for Possible Replication elsewhere in Costa Rica

As a result of problems in wastewater management in Costa Rica, and more specifically in the coastal zones of Santa Cruz and Carrillo municipalities, in the province of Guanacaste, various social actors of community water systems, the Asociación Confraternidad Guanacasteca [Guanacaste Fellowship Association], and the Centro de Recursos Hídricos para Centroamérica y el Caribe [Water Resources Center for Central America and the Caribbean] of the National University joined forces to create the Asociación de Desarrollo Específico de Saneamiento y Protección de los Mantos Acuíferos de Guanacaste [Association for the Specific Development of Sanitation and Protection of the Guanacaste Aquifers] or AGUASANA in 2013. The development and strengthening of this organization from 2013 to 2019 have generated infinite lessons learned, experiences, and conclusions. The main idea of producing this document is to synthesize all these processes and provide ideas and recommendations for replicating the project elsewhere in the country. The methodological procedure used was based on Jara’s book titled “La sistematización de experiencias: práctica y teoría para otros mundos posibles” [Systematization of Experiences: Practice and Theory for Other Possible Worlds] (2018). Thus, among the main conclusions and recommendations, the project provided benefits to the social and cultural image and the environmental philosophy of the communities thanks to the different synergies the community social actors had established. It is recommended to work and strengthen the community bases and move away from local political figures that can generate rifts between the different members. Additionally, working with these communities is also an opportunity to conduct business endogenously and replicate it elsewhere in the country.

Development of a fluorescence EEM-PARAFAC model for potable water reuse monitoring: Implications for inter-component protein–fulvic–humic interactions

Measuring the surrogate parameters total organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon (TOC/DOC) is not adequate, alone, to reveal nuances in organic character for optimizing treatment in potable water reuse. Alternatively, analyzing each organic compound contributing to the surrogate measurement is not possible. As an additional analytical tool applied between these extremes, the use of excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy with PARAllel FACtor (EEM-PARAFAC) analysis was investigated in this research to track categories (components) or families of organic compounds during treatment in recycled water schemes. Although not all organic molecules fluoresce, many do, and fluorescence helps track their fate through water treatment processes. The sites investigated in this research were Lake Lanier, in Gwinnett County, Georgia, USA; the F. Wayne Hill Water Resources Center (FWH WRC) advanced wastewater treatment facility; and two pilot facilities operated in parallel representing the current indirect potable reuse (IPR) scheme as well as a pilot that evaluated direct potable reuse (DPR). A four-component nonnegativity PARAFAC model—elucidating protein-like (including tyrosine- and tryptophan-like fluorescence in a single component), soluble microbial product (SMP)-like, fulvic-like, and humic-like components—was fitted to the data. Each of the four components was spectrally and mathematically separated, implying that the fluorescing SMP-like component was not comprised of protein-, fulvic-, or humic-like components. PARAFAC excitation loadings with dual (double) pairs of fluorescing regions centered at the same emission wavelengths but different excitation wavelengths oriented parallel to the excitation axis and perpendicular to the emission axis were attributed to individual PARAFAC components. Significantly, the observation of PARAFAC emission loadings with multiple peaks—where the protein-like component exhibited fluorescence in both protein and fulvic/humic regions—is proposed to signify an intermolecular energy transfer (< 10 nm). Correct identification of EEM-PARAFAC components is fundamental to understanding water treatment.

Minnesota Stormwater Research and Technology Transfer Program – A Comprehensive Approach to Collaborative Research

AbstractThe University of Minnesota Water Resources Center (UMN WRC) in collaboration with the Minnesota Stormwater Research Council (MSRC) has developed a robust program to advance urban stormwater management and policy through the completion of research. Through this unique collaboration, stormwater professionals and researchers across Minnesota are engaged in multi‐sector research to prevent, minimize, and mitigate urban stormwater impacts by studying existing and innovative structural and non‐structural practices, policies, and management techniques. The center and the council have evolved a comprehensive approach by: Obtaining diversified funding resulting in an annual average $1M budget. Coordinating and building partnerships at local, regional, state, and federal levels to leverage stormwater research resources. Using the council to engage with stormwater researchers, professionals, policymakers, and stakeholders. Identifying strategic priorities through assessments of needed research (i.e., the Minnesota Stormwater Research Roadmap). Providing a process for prioritizing, soliciting, submitting, approving, and implementing stormwater‐related research proposals. The program also invests in technology transfer seeking the effective and efficient dissemination of research results to those who can best benefit from it. The council is an organization of stormwater professionals, practitioners, managers, engineers, researchers, and others established in 2016 to work with the center to facilitate relevant, applied research and support education and technology transfer. This paper summarizes the efforts of the program, the future outlook, and highlights the collaboration and the connection of the University and the center to agencies, local units of government, and private engineering consulting businesses, who all were integral to the success of the program.

Developing Design Criteria for Emerging Technologies in Ohio

Key TakeawaysPublic water systems in Ohio have been reluctant to introduce new treatment technologies because of the unwieldy nature of current requirements for their approval.Design criteria are in place for approval of conventional treatment technologies; a similar approach could reduce the regulatory barrier for more appropriate or cost‐effective emerging technologies.The Ohio Water Resources Center worked with the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency and Ohio AWWA to develop design criteria for low‐pressure membrane filtration. The criteria provide product‐specific flux values for various feedwater qualities.

Pilot testing of direct and indirect potable water reuse using multi-stage ozone-biofiltration without reverse osmosis

Pilot testing of direct potable reuse (DPR) using multi-stage ozone and biological filtration as an alternative treatment train without reverse osmosis (RO) was investigated. This study examined four blending ratios of advanced treated reclaimed water from the F. Wayne Hill Water Resources Center (FWH WRC) in Gwinnett County, Georgia, combined with the existing drinking water treatment plant raw water supply, Lake Lanier, for potable water production. Baseline testing with 100 percent (%) Lake Lanier water was initially conducted; followed by testing blends of 15, 25, 50, and 100% reclaimed water from FWH WRC. Finished water quality from the DPR pilot was compared to drinking water standards, and emerging microbial and chemical contaminants were also evaluated. Results were benchmarked against a parallel indirect potable reuse (IPR) pilot receiving 100% of the raw water from Lake Lanier. Finished water quality from the DPR pilot at the 15% blend complied with the United States primary and secondary maximum contaminant levels (MCLs and SMCLs, respectively). However, exceedances of one or more MCLs or SMCLs were observed at higher blends. Importantly, reclaimed water from FWH WRC was of equal or better quality for all microbiological targets tested compared to Lake Lanier, indicating that a DPR scenario could lower acute risks from microbial pathogens compared to current practices. Finished water from the DPR pilot had no detections of microorganisms, even at the 100% FWH WRC effluent blend. Microbiological targets tested included heterotrophic plate counts, total and fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, somatic and male-specific coliphage, Clostridium perfringens, Enterococci, Legionella, Cryptosporidium, and Giardia.There were water quality challenges, primarily associated with nitrate originating from incomplete denitrification and bromate formation from ozonation at the FWH WRC. These challenges highlight the importance of upstream process monitoring and control at the advanced wastewater treatment facility if DPR is considered.This research demonstrated that ozone with biological filtration could achieve potable water quality criteria, without the use of RO, in cases where nitrate is below the MCL of 10 mg nitrogen per liter and total dissolved solids are below the SMCL of 500 mg per liter.

Nutrient Recovery Performance and the Optimization of Biological Phosphorus Removal at the F. Wayne Hill Water Resources Center

Nutrient Recovery Performance and the Optimization of Biological Phosphorus Removal at the F. Wayne Hill Water Resources Center

Assessing Irrigation Aquifer Depletion: Introduction

Assessing Irrigation Aquifer Depletion: Introduction

The Importance of Scientific Publishing: Teaching an Undergraduate How to Swim the Entire Length of the Pool

The Importance of Scientific Publishing: Teaching an Undergraduate How to Swim the Entire Length of the Pool

Nutrient Recovery at the F. Wayne Hill Water Resources Center: Experience and Lessons Learned After 18 Months

Nutrient Recovery at the F. Wayne Hill Water Resources Center: Experience and Lessons Learned After 18 Months

Nutrient Recovery at the F. Wayne Hill Water Resources Center: Experience and Lessons Learned after 18 Months

Nutrient Recovery at the F. Wayne Hill Water Resources Center: Experience and Lessons Learned after 18 Months

Temporal characterization and estimated wind speed intensity in the water resources center and environmental, Itirapina (SP)

O vento é uma das variáveis meteorológicas mais importantes e menos estudadas, tem influência em diversos fenômenos socioambientais. Considerando a importância de se conhecer os padrões temporais da intensidade da velocidade do vento e com o intuito de fornecer subsídios aos estudos referentes à represa do Lobo e para a região de maneira geral, realizou-se este trabalho no Centro de Recursos Hídricos e Estudos Ambientais (CRHEA) no município de Itirapina - SP. Para tanto foram utilizados nessa pesquisa a técnica de agrupamentos hierárquicos para agrupar os meses que apresentaram as maiores similaridades das intensidades médias da velocidade do vento. As frequências para cada intervalo de classe foram calculadas. Com base na técnica de regressão linear múltipla foi elaborada uma equação para predizer a velocidade do vento a 10 m de altura. Os resultados evidenciaram que para a região de estudo, na altura de 10 m as maiores frequências ocorreram nas classes de 5 m.s -1 a 6 m.s -1 , enquanto que a 2 m de altura, a maior frequência foi verificada na classe de 2 m.s -1 a 3 m.s -1 . As intensidades das velocidades dos ventos receberam forte influência da entrada de massas de ar. Entretanto com a análise de agrupamento, observou-se que o regime dos ventos a 2 m de altura, pra a área de estudo, pode ser dividido em dois períodos, o primeiro que vai de janeiro a julho e outro que vai de agosto a dezembro. A relação da velocidade do vento a 10 m de altura a partir da velocidade a 2 m pode ser estimada satisfatoriamente pela equação proposta obtida pela técnica de regressão linear1 Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} A B S T R A C T Wind is one of the most important meteorological variables and less studied, has influence on several environmental phenomena. Considering the importance of knowing the temporal patterns of wind speed intensity and in order to provide subsidies for studies related to the Lobo and the general region, this work was held at the Centre of Water Resources and Environmental Studies (CWRES) in Itirapina - SP. For that were used in this study the technique of hierarchical clustering to group the months with the highest similarity of average intensity of wind speed. The frequencies for each class interval were calculated. Based on the multiple linear regression technique was developed an equation to predict the wind speed at 10 m height. The results showed that for the study area, the height of 10 m the highest frequency occurred in class 5 m.s -1 to 6 m.s -1 , while the 2 m high, the highest frequency was observed in 2 m class 2 m.s -1 to 3 m.s -1 . The intensities of wind speeds received strong influence of the incoming air masses. However with the cluster analysis, it was observed that the system of winds to 2 m high, for the study area can be divided into two periods, the first one from January to July and another that goes from August to December. The ratio of the wind speed at 10 m height from speed 2 m can be estimated satisfactorily by the proposal obtained by the linear regression equation. Keywords : Climatology; environmental data; temporal analysis. .

Holistic Approach to Residuals Handling at F. Wayne Hill Water Resources Center: Did the Upgrades Work?

Holistic Approach to Residuals Handling at F. Wayne Hill Water Resources Center: Did the Upgrades Work?

Student Perceptions of the Arkansas Water Resources Center, Water Resources, and Water Issues

In this descriptive–correlational study, students (n = 440) enrolled at the University of Arkansas (UA) were surveyed to determine their perceptions of the Arkansas Water Resources Center (AWRC), water resources, and water issues. This study found participants were most aware (mean = 3.23, SD = 1.14), concerned (mean = 4.07, SD = 0.86), and interested (mean = 4.10, SD = 0.87) in drinking water quality. Students who participated were least aware of the AWRC (mean = 2.23, SD = 1.10) with 67.6% of students reporting either a low or very low level of awareness. The data showed positive correlations existed between students’ overall interest, awareness, and concern for water. Interest and awareness had a strong positive correlation, r = 0.61, p < 0.0001. Also, interest and concern had a strong positive correlation, r = 0.75, p < 0.0001. There was a moderate positive correlation between awareness and concern, r = 0.50, p < 0.0001. Additionally, there were direct positive correlations between students’ class experiences, their interest in learning more about the AWRC, and their overall interest, awareness, and concern for water. The results of this study demonstrate a need for more water centers and natural resource organizations to identify perceptions among audience groups to determine effective communication campaign needs and strategies, including educational content, message placement, and communication media. Future research should attempt to fill the identified gap noted in this research.

Co-digestion of municipal sludge and external organic wastes for enhanced biogas production under realistic plant constraints

A bench-scale investigation was conducted to select external organic wastes and mixing ratios for co-digestion with municipal sludge at the F. Wayne Hill Water Resources Center (FWHWRC), Gwinnett County, GA, USA to support a combined heat and power (CHP) project. External wastes were chosen and used subject to two constraints: a) digester retention time no lower than 15 d; and b) total biogas (methane) production not to exceed a specific target level based on air permit constraints on CO2 emissions. Primary sludge (PS), thickened waste activated sludge (TWAS) and digested sludge collected at the FWHWRC, industrial liquid waste obtained from a chewing gum manufacturing plant (GW) and dewatered fat-oil-grease (FOG) were used. All sludge and waste samples were characterized and their ultimate digestibility was assessed at 35 °C. The ultimate COD to methane conversion of PS, TWAS, municipal sludge (PS + TWAS; 40:60 w/w TS basis), GW and FOG was 49.2, 35.2, 40.3, 72.7, and 81.1%, respectively. Co-digestion of municipal sludge with GW, FOG or both, was evaluated using four bench-scale, mesophilic (35 °C) digesters. Biogas production increased significantly and additional degradation of the municipal sludge between 1.1 and 30.7% was observed. Biogas and methane production was very close to the target levels necessary to close the energy deficit at the FWHWRC. Co-digestion resulted in an effluent quality similar to that of the control digester fed only with the municipal sludge, indicating that co-digestion had no adverse effects. Study results prove that high methane production is achievable with the addition of concentrated external organic wastes to municipal digesters, at acceptable higher digester organic loadings and lower retention times, allowing the effective implementation of CHP programs at municipal wastewater treatment plants, with significant cost savings.

CHP System Implementation and Operations Optimization at F. Wayne Hill Water Resources Center

CHP System Implementation and Operations Optimization at F. Wayne Hill Water Resources Center

Comprehensive Approach for the Evaluation of Rectangular Primary Clarifiers at the F. Wayne Hill Water Resources Center

Comprehensive Approach for the Evaluation of Rectangular Primary Clarifiers at the F. Wayne Hill Water Resources CenterThe primary clarifiers at the F. Wayne Hill Water Resources Center have historically experienced sustained periods of poor performance with very low TSS and BOD removal rates. This paper describes a comprehensive approach developed to evaluate the performance of these units that included: evaluation of historical data and sampling locations, two special sampling events, and two-dimensional and...Author(s)Alonso GriborioRon LatimerSean ZhangPaul PittHolly ElmendorfTyler RichardsRichard PorterSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 80: Keeping It Clear: How to Keep Your Clarifiers Working GreatDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2011ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20110101)2011:11L.5298;1-DOI10.2175/193864711802765796Volume / Issue2011 / 11Content sourceWEFTECFirst / last page(s)5298 - 5314Copyright2011Word count134Subject keywordsPrimary Settling TanksField SamplingComputational Fluid Dynamics

Strategies for Megaregion Governance

Problem: Metropolitan areas in the United States are increasingly growing together into megaregions with many linkages and interdependencies in their economies, infrastructure, and natural resources, but they are not linked well in terms of governance. Hundreds of jurisdictions, federal and state sectoral agencies, and regulatory bodies make independent and conflicting decisions with no entity focusing on the region's overall welfare. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to investigate potential governance strategies for such megaregions. Collaborative and networked processes can do many of the needed tasks for regional governance, as they fill gaps where government fails to operate, cross jurisdictional and functional boundaries, engage public and private sector actors on common tasks, and focus on the collective welfare of a region. Our goal is to identify strategies that allow such processes to have some success in planning and managing resources, adapting to unique conditions, and mobilizing key players in joint action. Methods: We rely on our in-depth research in California on two major water planning cases, CALFED and the Sacramento Water Forum, and on two cases of regional civic voluntary organizations known as collaborative regional initiatives. We use two interrelated analytical perspectives, complexity theory and network analysis, to develop our findings. Results and conclusions: These successful cases shared the following features: diverse, interdependent players; collaborative dialogue; joint knowledge development; creation of networks and social and political capital; and boundary spanning. They were largely self-organizing, building capacity and altering norms and practices to focus on questions beyond the parochial interests of players. They created new and often long- term working relationships and a collective ability to respond constructively to changes and stresses on the system. Takeaway for practice: Planners’ roles in megaregion governance include designing processes; creating, supporting, and managing networks; creating arenas for strategy formation; and nourishing strategic understanding and a vigorous public realm. Some can be visionaries, others advocates, providers of technical assistance, or skilled facilitators. The biggest challenge will be to design institutional settings where planners can do these tasks. Research support: This work was supported by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, the James Irvine Foundation, the National Science Foundation, and the University of California Water Resources Center.

EFFECT OF AMOUNT AND PATTERN OF LEACHING REQUIREMENT FOR SALINE IRRIGATION WATER ON CORN YIELD

The study was conducted for determining the effect of application amount and pattern of leaching requirement for corn (zea mays L.) in fall season in 2007, in the soil and water resources center research station - Ministry of science and Technology. The experimental design was factorial complete randomize block design in three replicates. The main factors were three:- i. Two quality of irrigation water. ii. Two level of leaching requirement application. iii. Two pattern of leaching requirement. Soil chemical characteristics and yield of corn was monitored as affected by irrigation with saline water. Results indicated increasing in values for salinity of soil saturation paste solution for depth (0 – 60 cm) to values 3.7 time in irrigation with saline water without application of leaching requirement comparing with soil irrigated with river water. Using two levels (20 , 40 %) of leaching requirement caused reduction in the values of soil salinity to 30% and 43% comparing with treatment without leaching requirement respectively. Minimum redaction in the yield 14% was occurred in using the second pattern (application of leaching requirement after 50 days from the first application) with 40% level comparing with the yield of irrigation with river water.