Water Repellency Of Fabrics Research Articles

Detection method for analyzing water spots in fabrics by near-infrared hyperspectral imaging

Water spot detection in fabrics is conventionally reliant on direct visual assessment, a practice ingrained in our daily lives and textile inspection field. While valuable, this method’s accuracy can be significantly affected by factors like fabric color and patterns resulting from additive textile dyes. In response, we present a detection method employing near-infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging, effectively reducing the influence of textile dyes and highlighting water spots. Initially, we acquired NIR hyperspectral images of fabric samples post-dyeing and moisture content conditioning. Remarkably, we observed that typical textile dyes minimally affected the NIR reflectance within the wavelength range of 1265–1626 nm, with a discernible decrease correlated to higher fabric moisture content. Subsequently, we captured NIR hyperspectral images of nine fabrics exhibiting varied colors and water spot characteristics. These images were then transformed into grayscale representations. Among them, the NIR images at 1459 nm emerged as preferred feature images for water spot detection, determined through analyses of contrast, entropy, and principal component images. While conducting a spray-rating evaluation of water spots in water-sprayed samples, comparing them with their respective feature images; the results affirm the efficacy of our developed feature images in facilitating visual identification and analysis of water spots in diverse fabrics, ultimately enhancing the accuracy of fabric water-repellency evaluation.

Improving the Water Repellency of Polyester Filament Yarn and Fabrics

Water-repellent finishing is one of the most applied finishing processes by using materials that prevent the wetting of textile products and the passage of water drops. Fluorinated compounds are widely used in conventional methods applied for the development of water repellency, but the threats posed by these to humans and the environment have led to new searches for water repellency. Giving the water-repellent effect by reinforcing the masterbatch during fiber production can provide longer-lasting, homogeneously dispersed and environmentally friendly products. This reason, in this study, filament yarns containing fluorine-free water-repellent additives in three different weight percentages and fabrics coated with a water-repellent finishing without fluorine were produced. Then, the performance properties of the yarns were analyzed and water repellency, tensile and air permeability tests of the fabrics were performed. As coating repetition increased, the water repellency of the fabrics improved and air permeability decreased by approximately 80%.

Improving of thermal stability and water repellency of cotton fabrics via coating with silicone rubber under the effect of electron beam irradiation

Cotton fabrics for outdoor use were coated with room-temperature vulcanizing silicone rubber (RTVSR) and its catalyst to obtain improved thermal stability and water repellency properties. The coated fabrics were exposed to different doses of electron beam irradiation as an extra curing step for the coating. The effect of RTVSR coating and subsequent electron beam irradiation on the cotton fabrics was then studied. The thermal stability was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, and surface morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties, crease recovery, gel content, swelling property, and water repellency of the fabrics were also investigated. The results showed that the thermal stability and the water repellency of the cotton fabrics were improved as a result of the coating process. Moreover, the crease recovery and swelling properties of the fabrics were enhanced, accompanied by decreases in their gel content, as a function of the increase in the electron beam irradiation dose. These findings recommend the produced coated fabrics under the optimum conditions for use in the industrial purposes as isolation sheets through the pipes connecting points, especially those that contain hot fluids.

Synthesis and Application of New Carboxyl Modified Silicone Oil

A kind of new carboxyl and vinyl co-modified silicone oil (Vi-CAS-1) was synthesized with vinyl/amino co-modified silicone oil (Vi-ASO-1) and maleic anhydride (MA) as raw materials. Then 0.03 % Vi-CAS-1 in ethyl acetate solution was used as a finishing agent, the performance of Vi-CAS-1 on dacron fabrics was studied, and the effects of carboxyl equivalent, viscosity and the mole ratio of raw materials such as Vi-ASO-1 to MA on the Vi-CAS-1 performance were also investigated carefully. The results shows that, the elasticity and flexibility of fabrics treated by Vi-CAS-1 significantly increase. And when cooperate with the silicone which contains Si-H (PHMS-0.16 %) in application, the compounded Vi-CAS-1 can improve the fabric water-repellency to some extent, as compared with the fabric treated only with Vi-CAS-1.

Capillarity and water repellency of fabrics

A method of determining the contact angle of wetting of fibres in the capillaries of fabrics is proposed. A theoretical calculation of the angles of wetting of cotton and blended fabric fibres with water was performed in the condition of formation of a uniform hydrocarbon film on the surface of the fibres. The real contact angles of wetting of water-repellent fabrics were determined; they differ from the angles of wetting of uniform hydrocarbon films by 10-12% due to the presence of hydrophilic molecules of the emulsifiers in the modifying film.

UV-curable Fluorine-containing IPN System for Fabric Water-repellency Treatment

UV-curable Fluorine-containing IPN System for Fabric Water-repellency Treatment

Enhancement of hydrostatic pressure for water repellent treated fabrics

AbstractThe aqueous dispersions based on perfluorinated acrylate and other comonomers were prepared by means of emulsion polymerization in the presence of stearyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (STAC) and 2,2′‐azobis(2‐amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (ABAP) as water‐soluble initiators. Several different types of resins and additives were added with the water‐repellent polymers. Hydrostatic pressure and water repellency of fabrics that were treated by fluorinated water repellents with different recipes were measured and compared. In addition, the nano clay and the blocked isocyanate crosslinking agent (Jintexguard FCN) do, indeed, substantially increase the hydrostatic pressure. Actually, increased hydrostatic pressure for the water repellent treated fabrics is our objective of this study. However, our recipes containing the fluorinated‐acrylate copolymer, nano clay, and Jintexguard FCN will successfully provide excellent hydrostatic pressure, excellent water repellency, and excellent soft hand. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4711–4715, 2006

Applying a Nonformaldehyde Crosslinking Agent to Improve the Washing Durability of Fabric Water Repellency

1,2,3,4-Butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) is confirmed to be an effective crosslinking agent with sodium hypophosphate (SHP) catalyst for washing durability improvement of cotton fabrics treated with fluorocarbon resin. By FTIR analysis, hydroxyl groups (—OH) are confirmed as a water repellency agent, so the resin can be theoretically crosslinked with the surface of the cotton fibers. The water repellency of the sample treated with fluorocarbon resin and 8% BTCA is much higher than the sample treated only with fluorocarbon resin. This kind of difference can be seen especially after fifty washing cycles and subsequent heat treatments, ESCA analysis confirms that the F/O ratio on the fabric surface changes dramatically after fifty washing cycles and subsequent heat treatment. The F/O of the sample treated with fluorocarbon resin and 8% BTCA is almost twice that of the fabric treated with fluorocarbon resin only. Crosslinks can restrict F loss and transfer into the inner part of the fibers. At the same time, this kind of treatment can effectively improve the crease resistance of cotton fabrics.

Effect of Washing and Subsequent Heat Treatment on the Water Repellency of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Fabric and Film Treated with Carbon Tetrafluoride and Trifluoromethane Low-Temperature Plasmas.

Poly (ethylene terephthalate) fabric and film were treated with carbon tetrafluoride and trifluoromethane low-temperature plasmas, washed and subsequently heat-treated. The excellent water repellency of the plasmatreated fabrics was decreased by washing and recovered again by heat treatment. The critical surface tension of the plasma-treated films was increased by washing and decreased by the subsequent heat treatment in accordance with the water repellency of the CF4 and CHF3 plasma-treated fabrics. Changes in the surface chemical components were investigated by means of ESCA analysis. The F1s intensity of the plasma-treated fabrics was decreased by washing and recovered by heat treatment, while the O1s intensity was increased by washing and decreased by heat treatment. An excellent correlation was obtained between the change in water repellency of the fabrics by washing and heat treatment and the results of ESCA analysis.