Water Quality Index Research Articles

Histological Based Environmental Monitoring of the Lower Nun River: Using the Histo-morphometry of Kidney, Gills, Liver, and Testes of Coptodon zillii

It is an ecotoxicological study aimed at using chemical and bio-monitoring methods to pollution status of the Lower Nun River (LNR) basin using the histo-morphometry of the Liver, Kidney, Gills, and the Testes of Coptodon zillii. Based on literature review on the environmental burdens of the LNR, the following Target Chemicals (TC) were chosen for the study: Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni) and Lead (Pb). The study involved the sampling of water, sediment and feral fish from two stations along the LNR, Peremabiri (PER) and Igbomotoru(IGB) – Experimental sites.Water and sediment samples were analyzed to ascertain the physico-chemical concentrations of potential contaminants, while the harvest fish organs of liver, kidney, gills and testes were subjected to histological study to ascertain the exposure effect. Control fishes were harvested from African Aqua-culture Centre (ARAC) – Reference Site. Analyzed sediment and water values were used to evaluate Environmental Water Quality Index (EWQI) and sediment quality, while the fish organs were analyzes and used for pollution certification and stratification. Study results showed that EWQI of PER was poor (41.9); sediment quality showed that Cr, CU and Pb were above the Maximum Allowable Toxicant Concentration (MATC) for fresh water body. Fish from IGB showed worse lesion prevalence and organ histopathologic Index (Iorg) when compared to PER, with ARAC having the best outcome. The environmental pollution status (EPS) LNR was normal at PER and was slightly polluted at IGB. The study gave credence to the use of histology as a biomarker to assess sublethal effects of environmental stressors, and in determination of the pollution status.

Trends in Water Quality Research: A Bibliometric Study of Factors and Parameters in Drinking Water

ABSTRACT This study examines trends in water quality research through a bibliometric approach with the aim of mapping dominant factors and parameters and identifying research gaps in this area. The introduction of this research highlights the importance of water quality as a global issue that affects public health and environmental sustainability. The main objective of the study was to analyze water quality-related publications published between 2017 and 2024 using the Publish or Perish application to identify trends, distribution, and research focus. The method used involved collecting data from the 50 highest-ranked journals on Google Scholar, then classifying them by year of publication, publication type, number of citations, and author country. The data obtained was analyzed with the VOSviewer application to generate network visualizations, overlays, and densities to reveal the linkages between research topics. The analysis showed that research on water quality is highly diversified with the main focus on factors affecting water quality and the development of assessment methods. The publications reviewed highlighted global challenges in water quality management and the need for cross-disciplinary collaboration. The conclusions of this study emphasize several research gaps, such as the need for the development of more sensitive water quality indices, the application of new technologies, and further research in local and regional contexts. This research provides valuable insights into current research trends and encourages further exploration to improve water quality management effectively and sustainably. Keywords: Water Quality, Bibliometrics, Assessment Methods, Emerging Technologies, Research Gaps.

Fluoride enrichment in groundwater and its association with other chemical ingredients using GIS in the Arjunanadi River basin, Southern India: Implications from improved water quality index and health risk assessment

Fluoride enrichment in groundwater and its association with other chemical ingredients using GIS in the Arjunanadi River basin, Southern India: Implications from improved water quality index and health risk assessment

Evaluation of groundwater in the city of Sousse in eastern Libya for some heavy metals and nitrate ions

Evaluation of groundwater potential and its quality assessment for irrigation has recently become a major concern, especially in developing countries due to various constraints. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of groundwater and establish whether they are safe for irrigation usage in Sousa city, Libya. The aim of the study to evaluating of groundwater polluted with Lead, Cadmium and Chromium metals and nitrates ions. Five water samples were collected from different wells were and analyzed. For understanding the hydro chemical and polluted characteristic with some heavy metal as (Pb, Cd and Cr ) respectively, and the suitability for irrigation purposes. Nine parameters were considered for calculating the irrigation water quality indices which are pH , electrical conductivity (EC), ions ( cations and anions) such as Calcium, magnesium, potassium sodium, chloride ,bicarbonate, sulphate,, in addition to some calculated parameters for as SAR, Adj. SAR, RSC, TDS and pHc, furthermore some heavy metals and nitrates ions were investigated. The results of polluted with heavy metals and nitrate ion, showed that the most water samples did not exceed the maximum limit according to FAO and Libyan local standard, except W05 exceeding the permissible limit for lead and nitrate ion, and W02 for pb. The results of this study emphasis that routine monitoring of groundwater play a vital role in maintaining its quality and serve as guideline for sustainable management of water quality in region study. Keywords: irrigation water, heavy metals, nitrate, ground water.

Forecasting Lakes' Chlorophyll Concentrations Using Satellite Images and Generative Adversarial Networks

AbstractSatellite data are extensively used for water quality monitoring purposes, offering a significantly reduced cost compared to in situ data sampling. Using past measurements to predict future conditions remains a challenging task, because of the complexity of the natural phenomena that are involved, with great potential in terms of water resources management. This paper proposes a model that can be used to forecast Chlorophyll‐ (Chl‐) values in water bodies, which are a common water quality indicator. The operation of the model lays on the fact that typically Chl‐ increases and decreases periodically. First, we apply C2RCC, which is a common atmospheric correction algorithm, to Sentinel‐2 images to get Chl‐ maps for 15 lakes for 12 consecutive months around Europe. Then, we use this data set (1,000 Sentinel‐2 images) to train a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) to recognize spatiotemporal patterns. To accomplish this task, pix2pix algorithm is employed, matching consecutive past and current Chl‐ maps to future Chl‐ maps. This model has been applied to 3 water bodies around Europe that are not included in the 15‐lakes training data set and has been found to perform accurately, achieving high Pearson and Spearman correlations and low RMSE values. Overall, the model can be used to make Chl‐ maps' predictions with low computational cost and without using any in situ data and without the requirement of training for every water body.

АНАЛИЗ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ КАЧЕСТВА АРТЕЗИАНСКОЙ ВОДЫ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ГЛУБИНЫ ВОДОНОСНОГО ПЛАСТА

The analysis of water samples from artesian well No. 451/D-15 in Turov town (well depth – 333.5 meters) and a well from the agrotown Raduga, Vetkovsky district, Gomel region (well depth – 18 meters) was carried out. The dependence of water quality indicators on the depth of the aquifer was de-tected. The most important quality indicators were established for comparison of experimental samples with the standards of SanPiN 2.1.4.12-23–2006 for consumption in food and with the standards of TPP-1 (thermal power plant) for analysis of possible use of water from wells as a body of the cycle. Based on the obtained data, a comparison of water quality indicators was made and an optimal water treatment plant was selected for further satisfactory use of the well as a source of drinking water, relative to the exceeding parameters.

Application of Geographical Information System –Water Quality Index Techniques for Evaluating the Groundwater Quality in Kaniqirzhala Landfill, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

The aim of the current study through uses the Water Quality Index for drinking and irrigation purposes and Heavy Metal Pollution Index to determine quality groundwater in 25 wells spread throughout Kaniqirzhala landfill within the Erbil governorate during 2022. Groundwater samples from various wells have been gathered for chemical and physical analysis in order to determine the water quality. Turbidity, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, total hardness, major anions (SO4-2, Cl-1, Hco3-1, NO3-2, PO4-3) and major cations (Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+1, K+1) are all included in the analysis. In addition to heavy metals investigations were conducted on a variety of metals, including manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and lead (Pb). Results indicated that higher values of nitrate were calculated in sites 10 to 17. But, in all wells higher concentrations of alkalinity and total hardness were recorded .The concentrations of heavy metals in wells water ranged from low to high according to WHO guidelines for drinking purposes. Drinking water quality index ranged from 52.20 (good quality) at site 9 to 137.01 (poor quality) at site 14. The value of the irrigation water quality index, which is low at site 15, which indicates low restriction for irrigation uses, while the value of 50.01 recorded at site 4 indicates high restriction for irrigation purposes. In all groundwater sites under study, a heavy metal pollution index of greater than 100 indicates extremely poor water quality unsuitable for human consumption. This study concluded all examined wells were deemed to be of extremely poor to good quality for to use in for drinking water based on the water quality index, while extremely low quality based on the heavy metals pollution index .

Hydro-Geochemistry and Water Quality Index Assessment in the Dakhla Oasis, Egypt

Water quality is crucial to the environmental system and thus its chemistry is important, and can be directly related to the water’s source, the climate, and the geology of the region. This study focuses on analyzing the hydrochemistry of specific locations within the Dakhla Oasis in Egypt. A total of thirty-nine groundwater samples representing the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer (NSSA) and seven surface water samples from wastewater lakes and canals were collected for analysis. Key parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS) were measured on-site, while major ions and trace elements (Fe+2 and Mn+2) were analyzed in the laboratory. The water quality index (WQI) method was employed to assess the overall water quality. Hydro-chemical facies were investigated using Piper’s, Scholler’s, and Stiff diagrams, revealing sodium as the dominant cation and chloride, followed by bicarbonate as the dominant anion. The hydro-chemical composition indicates that Na–Cl constitutes the primary water type in this study. This points to the dissolution of evaporates and salt enrichment due to intense evaporation resulting from the region’s hyper-aridity. In groundwater samples, the order of hydro-chemical facies is HCO3− > Cl− > SO4−2 > Na+ > Ca+2 > K+ > Mg+2, while in wastewater samples, it is Cl− > Na+ > SO4−2 > HCO3− > Ca+2 > Mg+2 > K+. When considering iron and manganese parameters, the water quality index (WQI) values suggest that most groundwater samples exhibit excellent to good quality but become poor or very poor when these elements are included. This study could prove valuable for water resource management in the Dakhla Oasis.

Assessment of Groundwater Quality and Hydrochemistry using Water Quality Index in District Mirpur Khas, Sindh, Pakistan

Groundwater is a major source of drinking water in the rural areas of Sindh province, including District Mirpur Khas of Pakistan. This study was undertaken to evaluate the suitability of groundwater in Mirpur Khas for drinking purposes. In October and November 2018, the groundwater samples were collected from 50 bore wells and analyzed 17 physico-chemical parameters. The pH ranged from 7.8 to 8.8, indicating the slightly alkaline nature of the water. The mean abundance of major cations is Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ and for major anions, it is SO42– > Cl– > HCO3– > NO3– > F–. The hydrochemical facies of groundwater samples show that 29 have a mixed composition, Na+-K+-Cl– characterized by 17 and the remaining 4 fall into the Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3– category. The water quality index (WQI) was calculated based on WHO standards for drinking water using 16 physico-chemical parameters. The computed WQI values range from 20.4 to 503.1. Out of the 50 samples, 9 are classified as ‘excellent,’ 21 as ‘good,’ 13 as ‘poor,’ 4 as ‘very poor,’ and 3 as ‘unsuitable for drinking.’ The average WQI value is 118.7 for 50 samples, which falls under the ‘good’ category. Turbidity and EC exhibited the highest mean effective weight values, indicating their significant influence on the WQI values.

Groundwater Quality Assessment for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes in Khartoum Area-Between the two Niles-Sudan

The Nile and groundwater waters are the two sources for drinking and irrigation water in Khartoum corridors. The assessment of groundwater quality is of high priority for safe uses of water. The suitability of groundwater for drinking purpose was made by applying water quality index (WQI). For irrigation purpose the assessment was based on the Percentage of sodium, Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Permeability index (PI), Residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Kelly’s ratio (KR), Magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR) and Chloro-alkaline indices (CAI). The water quality index (WQI) reveals that all groundwater samples are found between excellent and good category of water and appropriate for drinking purposes. It is indicated that 95% and 96% of groundwater samples are grouped as excellent water for Gezira and Sandstone aquifers respectively, the remaining samples grouped as Good water. Most of the characteristics of irrigation water which calculated for the groundwater of Sandstone aquifers are more suitable for irrigation than the groundwater for Gezira aquifers (%Na, SAR, PI %, RCS, MAR%, KR and CAI). In the Sandstone aquifers the water quality adjacent to the Blue Nile is of higher quality standers than groundwater quality adjacent to the White Nile.

Dynamics of Physicochemical Parameters as Indicator of Water Quality: A Study of Ogun River, Nigeria

Environmental pollution is increasingly becoming a major global problem. Surface water pollution impacts human life and the ecosystem, emphasizing the need for water quality assessment and monitoring. In this study, water Samples were collected in Ogun River for two years (twice a year) and analyzed for the physicochemical parameters using standard methods. The results show that there was spatial and seasonal variation in the water quality of the river. The physical parameters Turbidity, EC, and TDS had significant positive correlations with each other but correlated negatively with DO and pH. A significant positive correlation also existed between pH and DO (0.918). Cluster analysis grouped the parameters into three clusters, while the PCA yielded 2-components, which explained 85.61 % of the total variance in the data set. Component 1 accounts for 69.26 % of the total variance and has strong positive loadings for Turbidity, EC, and TDS and strong negative loadings for pH and DO. Component 2 accounts for 16.35 % of the total variance, with strong positive loading for BOD. The results indicate that factors that increase the Turbidity, EC, and TDS levels will decrease the levels of pH and DO while exerting a less significant effect on BOD. This study provides valuable insight into the changes and interactions of parameters that affect the water quality, which is crucial for the sustainability and quality management of the water system.

Purification Resistance Index: A new water quality assessment method toward drinking water production

Water quality assessment plays a significant role in ensuring the availability of clean and safe water. The Water Quality Index (WQI) model method has been developed to provide a basis for assessing water quality by integrating various water quality parameters. However, existing WQIs do not “actively” consider the difficulty of water treatment from raw water to specific water use scenarios. This study proposes a novel model framework, named as Purification Resistance Index (PRI), quantitatively evaluating not only the exceedance of pollutants but also how difficult they can be removed in the water treatment process. The framework is built based on the conventional drinking water treatment processes, with sub-indices for coagulation-sedimentation (rc), filtration (rf), disinfection (rd), and advanced treatment (ra). The model considers appropriate weights assigned to each sub-index to calculate the purification resistance, resulting in a comprehensive index for water quality evaluation. Case studies on nationwide and citywide water source reservoirs demonstrated the applicability of PRI approach. PRI breakthrough the traditional water quality risk assessment paradigm and extents to engineering region and provide useful tools for water source supervision, drinking water treatment plant planning and updating, operation control, and other purposes. Water authority, water utility and municipal design institute will all benefit. It is open for more localized practices validation and discussion.

Impact of Landfill Leachate on Groundwater Quality and Health Risk Assessment in Mohammedia Prefecture, Morocco

Several studies have been conducted to identify the potential impact of landfills on groundwater resources. This study evaluates the impact of landfills on groundwater resources in Mohammedia prefecture, Morocco. The groundwater was analysed from 2015 to 2022. The groundwater quality was evaluated based on electrical conductivity, pH, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, phosphate, suspended solids, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, and total hydrocarbon, aluminium, iron, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron-nickel, zing, and mercury. The assessment was based on the water quality index, leachate pollution index, non-carcinogenic risk assessment, and carcinogenic risk assessment. A leachate pollution index <5 indicates that it poses a severe risk to groundwater resources. The non-carcinogenic risk HQ was determined to be <1, which infers no potential risk. The carcinogenic risk index value of 10-4 indicated that it is within the threshold of acceptable limit. The current study concludes that leachate from the analysed landfills does not infiltrate the groundwater resources of Mohammedia prefecture. However, the leachate pollution, even though it varies, is increasing over time. This is validated by the fact that the landfill is protected with a membrane covering the ground, which inhibits any possible infiltration of soil or water resources. Hence, this study calls for continuous monitoring of groundwater resources in the region. Future studies are required to investigate the groundwater in Mohammedia prefecture in terms of emerging pollutants to identify any potential risk.

Hydrochemical Assessment of Tigris River for Irrigation Purposes within Baghdad Province, Iraq

The aims of this study are (1) to determine whether Tigris River water is suitable for irrigation using specific irrigation indices. (2) Analysis of thirteen hydrochemical parameters, including pH, EC, TDS, , , , , , , , , TA and as total hardness. Also, seven irrigation water quality indices were used: Magnesium Hazard (MH), Kelly's Index (KI), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium Percentage (Na%), Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP), Potential Salinity (PS), and Sodium Hazard (SH), supported by the most specific irrigation diagrams (Piper, USSL and Wilcox). Samples were taken monthly from twelve different sites along the river for two consecutive years (2021-2022). The results revealed that the water is suitable for irrigation chemically according to SAR, Na%, SSP, KI, and MH, except for PS due to high levels of sulfate and chloride ions. Furthermore, the USSL diagram indicated Irrigation water quality, that 100% of water samples taken from the Tigris fell into the appropriate class within 2021. While in 2022, 83.33% of samples were within the appropriate class (C3-S1). According to the Wilcox diagram, 91.66% and 83.33% among the water samples within a good class (low sodium and moderate salinity) for two consecutive years

Assessing anthropogenic influences on the water quality of Gomati River using an innovative weighted fuzzy soft set based water pollution rating system

The increasing pollution of river systems poses a significant challenge to water quality management and public health. This study was conducted to evaluate the water quality of the Gomati River in India, focusing on the impact of anthropogenic activities on pollution levels across different seasons. The primary objective was to develop a comprehensive assessment model using an effective weighted fuzzy soft expert system (WFSES) to derive a weighted water pollution score (WWP-score) for rating water pollution levels based on various water quality parameters. To achieve this, we employed a fuzzy soft set (FSS) methodology integrated with a weighted fuzzy soft set (WFSS) model to analyze water quality indices at six sampling stations along the Gomati River, the largest river in Tripura, India. Originating from the Raima and Sarma streams, the river flows westward through key regions, providing 249.39 million cubic meters of water annually, essential for drinking, agriculture, fishing, and transportation. The study utilized crisp data summaries of key water quality parameters, including pH, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, electrical conductivity, biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, chloride, total alkalinity, and total coliform, across the pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons from May 2022 to April 2023, guided by the distribution of waste discharge points. Fuzzy membership functions were defined for these parameters, and the root mean square (RMSQR) operation was used to combine multiple FSSs. The results revealed that the WWP-scores, a measure of water quality, ranged from 0.744 to 0.872 across the sampling stations, with Srimantapur exhibiting the highest level of pollution and Udaipur showing comparatively better quality. These scores indicate that water quality at all sites falls into the poor category, with Srimantapur experiencing the most severe contamination due to high levels of coliform bacteria and organic pollutants. The analysis highlights the impact of domestic wastewater and agricultural runoff on the river's health. This research offers a novel application of FSS and WFSS theory in environmental management, providing a robust framework for evaluating and ranking water quality across multiple parameters. The findings are valuable to the scientific community as they offer detailed insights into the pollution dynamics of the Gomati River and propose a methodological approach for assessing water quality in other river systems facing similar challenges. The study's results underscore the need for targeted pollution control measures and continuous monitoring to safeguard water resources and public health.

IoT Sensor Based Cross-Basin Natural Ecological Environment QualityMonitoring and Modeling Simulation with Artificial Intelligence RemoteSensing and GIS

This study presents an integrated approach for monitoring and modelling the quality of crossbasin natural ecological environments using advanced techniques such as Markov Random Field Clustering Classification (MRF-CC), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Hidden Markov Models (HMM), and remote sensing. With key ecological parameters including water quality, biodiversity, habitat suitability, and land cover types across various scenarios and locations within a study area. The simulation results from MRF-CC revealed the significant impacts of different environmental scenarios and management actions, with restoration efforts showing improvements in ecological quality, while pollution mitigation and urbanization pressures led to declines. The simulation results from MRF-CC revealed the significant impacts of different environmental scenarios and management actions. For example, restoration efforts (Scenario 1) improved water quality (pH 7.5), biodiversity index (0.88), and habitat suitability (0.78) compared to the baseline values (pH 7.2, biodiversity index 0.85, habitat suitability 0.75). Conversely, pollution mitigation (Scenario 2) and urbanization pressure (Scenario 8) resulted in declines, with water quality dropping to pH 7.0 and 6.9, biodiversity indices to 0.82 and 0.81, and habitat suitability to 0.72 and 0.71, respectively. GIS estimation provided spatial insights into ecological parameters, revealing variability across different locations. For instance, Point A (forest) exhibited a water quality index of 0.78, while Point D (urban) showed a lower index of 0.54. The integration of HMM offered probabilistic predictions of land cover dynamics, with probabilities ranging from 0.85 for forest at Point A to 0.45 for urban land cover at Point D.

Evaluation of Groundwater Quality for Drinking in Various Districts of Jammu and Kashmir with Special Emphasis on Kashmir

Abstract: In India, groundwater is a valuable resource for humans, yet human activity has consistently reduced its quality. For the management of groundwater resources to be sustainable, an assessment of the quality of the groundwater is required. With the use of integrated-weight water quality index and multivariate statistical techniques, this study sought to assess the groundwater quality in the Indian area of Kashmir for drinking purposes. Eight water quality measures were included in the data, which came from 50 observation wells and included pH, total hardness, nitrate (NO3−), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), and coliforms. The integrated-weight water quality index (IWQI), principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis (CA) were used to examine various districts. The majority of the metrics, according to the results, were within acceptable ranges, however some areas had excessive hardness and Fe contamination. More than 76% of samples had significant coliform contamination found in them. With four clusters of sample locations, the CA results showed that geological locations had a significant influence on groundwater quality. A PCA's three main components may account for 64.8% of the variation in groundwater quality. Groundwater quality was categorized as excellent (74.11%), good (45%), poor (6.4%), very poor (2.9), and undrinkable (9.4) based on IWQI values ranging from 4 to 2761. These classifications were linked to coliform contamination. These results have shed light on the region's groundwater quality state, which is helpful in creating a plan to safeguard the water supply.

Monitoring and Evaluation of Water Quality in Underground Aquifers Using (GIS) and (IWQI): Western Karbala’a as a Case Study

Abstract: This study aims to provide an assessment of the current state of groundwater quality and to provide a combination of water quality criteria that may be utilized to develop the irrigation water quality index (IWQI), a suitable technique for classifying irrigation water. Seven wells’ worth of water were collected in the region under evaluation, and their physical and chemical characteristics, such as cation and anion concentrations, were examined. An interpolation method called “Inverse Distance Weighted, IDW” was employed in a geographic information system (GIS) to analyze the data obtained. The water may be labelled as “severe restriction, SR” because the projected values of the irrigation water quality index (IWQI) were more than zero but less than 40. Throughout the six-year period (2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022), water samples from seven wells in the study area have been analyzed for their major and minor components. The finding shows that the irrigation water quality indexes (IWQIs) for 2017 and 2018 had measured values above zero but below 55, whereas IWQIs for the other years had calculated values below 40. Therefore, the water can be identified as “High Restriction, HR,” in the early years and as “severe restriction, SR,” in the latter years. As a consequence, this water cannot be utilized for irrigation, and it is abundantly evident that there will be a shortfall in the value of IWQI for a number of years in a row.

Evaluating Polynomial, and Gaussian Approaches for Temperature Change Sub Index of Water Quality Index for Smart Environmental Management

Evaluating Polynomial, and Gaussian Approaches for Temperature Change Sub Index of Water Quality Index for Smart Environmental Management

Assessment of Spatial Variation in Terrain Parameters Impacting Surface and Groundwater Quality for Sustainable Geo-Environmental Management

Soil and water conservation measures crucial for quality enhancement should focus on terrain-specific challenges. Evaluating groundwater resources from wells in the area is essential to ascertain their appropriateness for different applications. In semiarid tropical regions, the risk of inland salinity can escalate under extreme conditions like droughts and reduced monsoonal rainfall. During droughts, the groundwater table declines, leading to deterioration in groundwater quality, making it unsuitable for consumption, industrial processes, and arboriculture. In this scenario, analysing the spatial variation in water quality parameters becomes crucial for safeguarding environmental geology and effectively managing the geo-environment of impacted regions. Unfavourable geo-environmental conditions can be mitigated by reducing surface and groundwater pollution, sheet erosion, landslides, and land subsidence. Examining the variation in groundwater quality across both spatial and temporal dimensions is necessary to recommend treatments that make groundwater suitable for various uses, including potable purposes. The spatial as well as temporal variations of different water quality parameters, determined through a composite water quality index, can inform land use alterations, resource exploitation without unacceptable consequences, and artificial recharge measures that do not pollute the geo-environment. Enhancing the sustainability of the geo-environment can be achieved by investigating and prioritizing conservation measures and practices. Employing temporal remote sensing alongside related datasets facilitates the assessment of delineated watersheds within the region through the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Model. This approach is essential for prioritizing watersheds and formulating strategic action plans to sustain a balanced geo-environment.