Water Pumping System Research Articles

Optimized and Sustainable PV Water Pumping System with Three-Port Converter, a Case Study: The Al-Kharijah Oasis

Optimized and Sustainable PV Water Pumping System with Three-Port Converter, a Case Study: The Al-Kharijah Oasis

Factors influencing farmers’ adoption of solar water-pumping systems in Gujarat

Abstract Agriculture has played an important role in the growth of the Indian economy. Water and electricity are essential inputs for agriculture today. India produces the third-largest amount of electricity in the world, behind China and the USA. As an incentive to increase production, most states provide free electricity to farmers. Free electricity has decreased groundwater levels and increased electricity consumption. The objective of this study was to find out the factors that influenced farmers to adopt a solar water-pumping system in Gujarat. The samples were randomly selected. This study examined the entire state of Gujarat. One hundred and fifty farmers who adopted solar water-pumping systems were interviewed, including 50 banana farmers, 50 cotton farmers and 50 groundnut farmers. Primary data were collected through an interview. The adoption of solar water-pumping systems by farmers was identified using factor analysis. SPSS software was used to analyse the data collected. In this study, only two factors contributed to the variance of 59.469%. The adoption of solar water pumps by farmers was influenced by government policy and economic benefits. An economic benefit variance of 33.20% was found, while a government policy variance was 26.27%. A solar water-pumping system has low initial costs, flexible credit policies motivate adoption, solar water-pumping systems can save electricity, and maintenance and repair costs are affordable. Government policy that includes solar water-pumping systems is motivated by awareness, subsidies for adoption and a fair price to sell energy surpluses. Farmers are recommended to adopt a solar water-pumping system in conjunction with a drip irrigation system to receive additional income. The successful scheme will be recommended to other states in India for implementation.

Evolving Power Factor Correction in Solar Water Pumping Systems through Zeta Converter-Based BLDC Motor Drives

The aim of this paper is to present the design and implementation of a new power conditioning system for a stand-alone solar-powered water pumping system. The system integrates a Brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive with a Power Factor Correction (PFC) Zeta converter to improve energy efficiency and reliability. In order to power BLDC motors for water pumping applications—which are essential for irrigation in isolated locations without access to the grid—the suggested solution attempts to overcome the difficulties related to the direct use of variable solar power. The PFC Zeta converter, which is the system's central component, is made to maximize power extraction from photovoltaic (PV) panels under fluctuating solar irradiation, guarantee high power factor, and reduce harmonic distortion in the electrical grid. A BLDC motor that powers a water pump is efficiently operated by this converter, which also optimizes the DC link voltage. A BLDC motor is especially well-suited for solar-powered applications due to its increased efficiency, dependability, and longer lifespan when compared to traditional induction motors. In order to continuously modify the PV panels' operating point to the maximum power point and maximize the amount of energy they capture, a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm is incorporated into the PFC Zeta converter's control strategy. The BLDC motor drive control strategy is carefully designed to guarantee seamless operation and flexibility in response to the fluctuating output from the solar panels, upholding the best possible pumping action in any solar situation. The system's capacity to sustain high efficiency and power factor under a variety of operating circumstances is demonstrated by the experimental findings. When the PFC Zeta converter is used, the solar-powered water pumping system performs much better overall. It shows a notable increase in energy conversion efficiency and lowers total harmonic distortion, which prolongs the pumping system's lifespan. By offering a solid method for raising the effectiveness and dependability of solar-powered water pumping devices, this study advances the sector and holds the possibility of a long-term water supply option for agricultural irrigation in isolated locations. In addition to utilizing renewable solar energy's environmental advantages, the suggested solution tackles the real-world difficulties associated with putting dependable and effective water pumping equipment into off-grid applications.

Enhancing Energy-Efficient Water Pumping with Intelligent Control: A Comparative Study of Advanced Fuzzy Logic and PID Controllers on Simulink/MATLAB

Water resources are crucial for social and economic development, human needs, and food production. However, with water scarcity on the rise, minimizing waste during pumping is vital. Using DC motors for pumping offers a solution for sustainable and efficient water management. This study explores intelligent control strategies to enhance energy efficiency in water pumping systems, comparing Advanced Fuzzy Logic and PID Controllers through simulation. The research aims to optimize the control approach for water pumping operations, improving energy efficiency and system performance. Simulation results indicate that both controllers effectively regulate water pumping operations. The Advanced Fuzzy Logic Controller offer better response to setpoints, with minimal overshoot 0,7%, fast settling time 0.052 Seconds, Rise Time 0.048 Seconds, Time Peak 0.05 Seconds and no steady-state error, Compared to PID Controller with Overshoot 10%, Settling Time 0.23 Seconds, Rise Time 0.048 Seconds, Time Peak 0.078 Second and no steady-state error Moreover, the Advanced Fuzzy Logic Controller performs overall better performance in terms of energy efficiency and robustness compared to the PID controller. The findings suggest that the energy efficiency of water pumping systems can be significantly increased by utilizing Advanced Fuzzy Logic Controller approaches, specifically the Advanced Fuzzy Logic Controller. This study contributes to developing control methods for sustainable water management systems with potential uses in agriculture, irrigation, and water distribution.

Automatic Water Pumping System for Smart Greenhouse Using Renewable Energy Resources

This paper proposes an automatic water pumping system for a smart greenhouse, optimizing plant irrigation using renewable energy. It features sensors monitoring soil moisture, a pump powered by solar or wind, and a control unit adjusting pump operation based on sensor readings. The system, linked to the Internet, enables remote monitoring and control. Expected benefits include reduced manual watering, decreased reliance on non-renewable energy, and enhanced greenhouse efficiency. Smart greenhouses aim to enhance plant cultivation sustainability, with a crucial role played by the automated irrigation system, comprising a control unit, pump, and moisture sensors. Internet connectivity facilitates remote monitoring and adjustment for informed greenhouse operation.

Design and Retrofitting of Irrigation Pumping System for the Middle Ogun Irrigation Project Using Hydrokinetic Technology

High cost of irrigation pumping by use of fossil fuel has negatively impacted irrigation efficiency on the Middle Ogun Irrigation scheme. Efficient irrigation pumping would improve agricultural productivity and food production on the irrigation scheme. Many attempts have been made by stakeholders to seek alternative energy sources for powering irrigation pumping. This study aimed at the design and retrofitting of the irrigation water pumping system on the Middle Ogun Irrigation scheme using hydrokinetic technology. Hydrological modelling of the catchment was carried out using MapWindow Soil and Water Assessment Tool to determine the annual gross and recoverable hydrokinetic potential of the water resource from the river. A Savonius hydrokinetic turbine system was developed and tested on the river. The mean voltage output at selected streamflow depths were determined to derive a power curve. Results showed that retrofitting the irrigation pumping system with an array of twenty units (20) of selected submersible irrigation pumps powered by twenty-two (22) units of an array of Savonius hydrokinetic turbines would satisfactorily deliver irrigation water into night storage and irrigate the pilot field of 100 ha of farmland on plot 2 and 5 on the scheme.

ANALISIS EKONOMI SISTEM PLTMH DAN POMPA AIR SUNGAI YEH HA DI KABUPATEN KARANGASEM

Yeh Ha River in Ababi Village, Karangasem Regency, is a bathing spot utilized by locals for various purposes, fed by the Yeh Ha spring. Among its uses is filling a water tank with a capacity of 58.74 m3 to distribute water to 10 households. Initially, a waterwheel powered a mechanical pump without electricity. However, due to damage, a less efficient hydraulic ram pump replaced the waterwheel. The research aims to design a Microhydro Power Plant (PLTMH) and a water pump system. With these systems, it's expected to enhance the efficiency of filling the water tank and ensure project sustainability through economic analysis. Measurements indicate that Yeh Ha spring has a flow rate of 0.201 m3/s with a head of 4.6 m. Based on this, a crossflow turbine equipped with a centrifugal pump and variable frequency drive is chosen to meet the water needs of 12,277 people or 2,455 families. The investment for the PLTMH and water pump system is Rp3,191,330,505 with a project's economic life of 30 years. Feasibility analysis shows that the design is viable, with a positive net present value of Rp1,534,531,357 and Rp930,180,420 at discount rates of 10% and 12%, respectively. However, the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) is less than 1, at 0.48 and 0.29. The internal rate of return (IRR) is 17.6% and 15.5%, with a break-even point of 2,699,253 m3 sold, requiring a payback period of 9 years at a 10% discount rate and 10 years and 4 months at a 12% discount rate.

Control Strategy for Ensuring Uninter-rupted Operation of a Solar Water Pump with Islanding Technique

This research explores strategies to bolster the resilience of solar water pump systems through the implementation of islanding techniques and seamless grid integration. In the face of increasingly dynamic energy landscapes, the need for reliable and adaptable solutions for water pumping is paramount. The study investigates the application of islanding techniques, focusing on their effectiveness in enhancing system resilience and ensuring uninterrupted water supply. Furthermore, the integration of these solar water pumps with the grid is examined, aiming to strike a harmonious balance between renewable energy utilization and grid connectivity. The findings contribute to the advancement of sustainable water pumping technologies, offering insights into the synergy of islanding techniques and grid integration for resilient solar-powered water pump systems.

Urban planning for flood resilience under technical and financial constraints: The role of planners and competence development in building a flood-resilient city in Matola, Mozambique

Today, urban flood resilience constitutes an academic and political discourse as well as a ‘proposed state’ to be achieved within urban management, planning, and development. Matola, a major Mozambican coastal city, has witnessed many floods, mainly caused by rainfall, the most devastating of which happened in 2000. This study analyses the actions the urban planners took during that major flood event, what flood mitigation and adaptation strategies and measures for increased flood resilience they have developed since that flood event, and the contribution of urban planning to building flood resilience under financial and technical constraints. The study is based on interviews with 32 urban planners from Matola and observations in the field. In addition to financial limitations, the main challenge in promoting flood resilience in Matola is the deficient and insufficient coordination in mitigation and adaptation actions among urban planners, political elites, and members of low-income urban communities, who use floodplain areas for purposes that contradict resilience-building actions. During the 2000 floods, mitigation actions were carried out by rescuing people and goods and placing them in accommodation centres. After the 2000 floods, gradual adaptation strategies and measures were carried out, such as hiring and training staff, designing a new urban plan, gradual resettlement, opening drainage channels, and allocating water pumping systems in some areas to promote flood resilience. The study concludes that urban planning contributed significantly to the building and promotion of flood resilience in Matola: the strategies and measures taken so far have contributed significantly to reducing the exposure and vulnerability to flooding of the population, their assets, and urban infrastructure, as well as improving the ecosystem in lowlands and coastal protection wetlands. The study brings a contribution from retrospective and prospective resilience thinking to the debate on building and promoting resilience in urban socio-ecological systems, showing the role of urban planners, and planning and management activity since the 2000 floods, and perspectives on the future. The study demonstrates that the development of competences or technical skills to plan and manage strategies and measures to promote resilience is a key factor in promoting socio-ecological resilience.

Life cycle assessment of solar PV water pumping system for carbon emissions reduction at a location: a case study

ABSTRACT The design of water supply systems powered by solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are installed for irrigation and other allied applications at remote rural areas which lack proper on-grid power systems. These systems have been operating successfully for several decades at locations receiving ample solar radiation, assisting in the reduction of carbon emissions. Hybrid life cycle assessment was performed in this study to determine the carbon emissions for a solar PV water pumping system (SPVWPS) in Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia. The carbon emission (g/mm3) produced by 1 m3 of water raised by 1 m was used as a reference in this assessment. The present analysis estimates the net CO2 emissions generated during the stages of production, transportation, construction, operation, maintenance, and recycling of SPVWPS. The results from SPVWPS were compared with CO2 emissions from diesel operated pumping systems. It was discovered that the carbon emission intensity produced during the 25-year operation period of SPVWPS was 0.80 g/mm3. The major CO2 emissions of SPVWPS were generated during the manufacturing stage totaled 2.02t, accounting for 55.19% of total emissions. When compared to the mobile diesel-powered water supply project, the CO2 emission intensity from SWPS was found to be about 0.55 times lower by about 1.46 g/mm3. As a result, the rapid development of SPVWPS in rural and pastoral areas represents the realization of rural low-carbon transformation and development, as well as the achievement of China’s “double carbon” reduction targets by 2050.

Field Test of an Autonomous Observing System Prototype for Measuring Oceanographic Parameters from Ships

A prototype of an autonomous system for the retrieval of oceanographic, wave, and meteorologic data was installed and tested in May 2021 on a Portuguese research vessel navigating on the Atlantic Ocean. The system was designed to be installed in fishing vessels that could operate as a distributed network of ocean data collection. It consists of an automatic weather station, a ferrybox with a water pumping system, an inertial measurement unit, a GNSS unit, an onboard desktop computer, and a wave estimator algorithm for wave spectra estimation. Among several parameters collected by this system’s sensors are the air temperature, barometric pressure, humidity, wind speed and direction, sea water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, chlorophyll-a, roll, pitch, heave, true heading, and geolocation of the ship. This paper’s objectives are the following: (1) describe the autonomous prototype; and (2) present the data obtained during a full-scale trial; (3) discuss the results, advantages, and limitations of the system and future developments. Meteorologic measurements were validated by a second weather station onboard. The estimated wave parameters and wave spectra showed good agreement with forecasted data from the Copernicus database. The results are promising, and the system can be a cost-effective solution for voluntary observing ships.

Design and Implementation of VSI for Solar Water Pump Control

The hardware design, implementation, and digital control method for three-phase AC induction motors based on Field-Oriented Control is discussed in this work Solar-powered water pumping systems have become an practical option for remote irrigation and water supply as renewable energy sources obtain importance. This research enhances such systems performance and dependability by employing a Voltage Source Inverter. In order to optimize the energy transfer to the water pump, the recommended approach uses the Voltage Source Inverter capabilities to transform the variable DC output of the solar panels into a controlled AC supply. The research looks at the choice of power components, control algorithms, and modulation strategies while designing the Voltage Source Inverter. The most suitable modulation strategy is determined after an in-depth review of several different approaches to ensure greater pump performance. This research clarifies on how solar energy conversion and pump control work together to provide sustainable water management in off-grid areas. The research paper "Design and implementation of VSI for Solar Water Pump Control" demonstrates how solar water pumping systems can be optimized using power electronics and control. The project addresses efficiency difficulties and operational differences to create efficient and reliable solar-powered water delivery systems, which support environmental sustainability and rural development. Based on the power of the PV panel, the P&O MPPT method calculates the submersible pump speed. The sensorless speed control method eliminates the requirement for location or speed sensors. The Black Electro-Motives Force calculates speed by estimating the flux angle in the absence of mechanical speed sensors. This method reduces costs and simplifies the system simply by eliminating the requirement for expensive and complicated speed sensors. In order to determine steady-state and dynamic performance in varying insolation conditions, a prototype 5.5 KW inverter was constructed. In conclusion up, the research provided a thorough summary of the hardware and control aspects required for Field-Oriented Control in irrigation systems. The practical outcomes of this study have the potential to spur advancements in irrigation technology and the incorporation of renewable energy, resulting in substantial gains for agricultural productivity and environmental conservation.

Comparative Energy Performance Analysis of Solar Water Pumping Systems Across Diverse Climate Zones

The solar PV system-based water pumping plant is cost-effective in developing countries like India. This study compares remote solar water pumping systems, accounting various factors like site location, system size, and performance, in several climate-sensitive Indian regions. The PVsyst simulation software is used to design the standalone solar water pumping system. Data inputs are obtained from four different climatic locations in southern part of India. A comparative analysis is performed for the four regions based on the solar yield, performance ratio (PR), energy losses, and pump efficiency. The PVsyst simulation analysis shows that the overall pump efficiency ranges between 57% and 66%, and the performance ratio ranges between 51% and 69%. The outcome of the results is useful for making a policy decision about locating the best solar pumping station based on the climate conditions, particularly for remote villages.

Towards sustainable water pumping systems: Integration of particle swarm optimization and direct torque control PSO-DTC

This research paper focuses on the optimization of solar water pumping systems (SWPS) by combining the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique on the generator photovoltaic (GPV) side and direct torque control (DTC) on the pump motor side. The integration of a maximum power point tracking system (MPPT-PSO) represents a significant advance, enabling maximum power to be extracted from the GPV whatever the weather conditions. The main objective is to improve the energy efficiency of the SWPS system by maximizing the electrical power dedicated to the pumping system. At the same time, the application of DTC to the pump motor aims to optimize the use of the energy generated by the GPV. This intelligent approach adjusts the motor power according to the power extracted from the GPV, thus avoiding unsuitable profiles for the pumping system. This results in better power quality, longer system life and improved tracking speed, which in turn improves the pump's rotational speed, which in turn improves the flow rate of the water pumped. The results of the study confirm that the combination of PSO-DTC approaches improves the overall performance of the SWPS. These improvements persist under different climatic conditions.

Unit vector template controlled grid integrated and solar fed BLDC drive-based water pumping system

With increased population and energy demand, the need to utilize renewable energy becomes so vital. The need to manage food demand globally also emphasizes the support to agriculture. This article proposes a unit vector template-controlled grid-integrated solar Photovoltaic (PV) powered three-phase Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) drive-based water pumping system. The proposed system includes solar photovoltaic, boost converter, voltage source inverter, single phase grid supply, single phase bidirectional voltage source converter, and BLDC-driven water pump. The solar PV is connected to the dc grid through the boost converter. An incremental conductance algorithm performs the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of a Photovoltaic array. The power exchange between the dc-bus and the utility grid has been achieved through a unit vector template algorithm-controlled bidirectional voltage source converter. It allows a consumer to operate a water pump at maximum capacity for the whole day regardless of the weather and to supply a single-phase power grid when water pumping is unnecessary. A 3-phase BLDC motor-based water pump is driven by a 3-phase voltage source inverter, which is used for electronic commutation and to regulate the motor speed. The performance of the proposed system has been evaluated for different modes of peak, rms voltage and motor speed has been maintained around 255 V and 180 V and 2500 rpm respectively in all the modes of operation. Its practicality and trustworthiness are shown by different simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink version 2022bsoftware.

A Design and Fabrication of a Solar Agriculture Water Pumping System

A Design and Fabrication of a Solar Agriculture Water Pumping System

Pre-sizing online tool for photovoltaic water pumping system: development, testing, validation, and evaluation

Renewable energy has become increasingly popular worldwide, and solar energy is one of the most sustainable and widely used forms of renewable energy. However, the lack of precision in system sizing often leads to oversizing and significant financial waste. To address this issue, this paper presents the development, testing, validation, and evaluation of an online educational/industrial standard-based tool for optimizing photovoltaic water pumping systems (PVWPSs). The proposed tool considers statistics on solar irradiance, average temperature, and necessary solar panel specifications to aid in calculating the peak power required to meet demand. Using MATLAB software, the tool enables the sizing of a PVWPS for either centrifugal or submersible pumps, including complete PV sizing for on-grid or off-grid systems. The tool also demonstrates the impact of ignoring temperature, sun irradiation, and pipeline losses on the sizing technique. Results indicate that significant temperature changes can negatively impact sizing, requiring further adjustments. Finally, a questionnaire was administered to various user segments to evaluate the tool's efficiency, yielding satisfactory results. This paper presents a valuable tool for optimizing PVWPSs, enabling more precise and efficient system sizing, and reducing financial waste.

Design of a Novel Chaotic Horse Herd Optimizer and Application to MPPT for Optimal Performance of Stand-Alone Solar PV Water Pumping Systems

A significant part of agricultural farms in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) are in off-grid sites where there is a lack of sufficient water supply despite its availability from groundwater resources in several regions of the country. Since abundant agricultural production is mainly dependent on water, farmers are forced to pump water using diesel generators. This investigation deals with the increase in the effectiveness of a solar photovoltaic water pumping system (SPVWPS). It investigated, from a distinct perspective, the nonlinear behavior of photovoltaic modules that affects the induction motor-pump because of the repeated transitions between the current and the voltage. A new chaotic Horse Herd Optimization (CHHO)-based Maximum Power Point Tracking technique (MPPT) is proposed. This algorithm integrates the capabilities of chaotic search methods to solve the model with a boost converter to maximize power harvest while managing the nonlinear and unpredictable dynamical loads. The analytical modeling for the proposed SPVWPS components and the implemented control strategies of the optimal duty cycle of the DC–DC chopper duty cycle and the Direct Torque Control (DTC) of the Induction Motor (IM) has been conducted. Otherwise, the discussions and evaluations of the proposed model performance in guaranteeing the maximum water flow rate and the operation at MPP of the SPVWPS under partial shading conditions (PSC) and changing weather conditions have been carried out. A comparative study with competitive algorithms was conducted, and the proposed control system’s accuracy and its significant appropriateness to improve the tracking ability for SPVWPS application have been proven in steady and dynamic operating climates and PSC conditions.

Investigation of Electrical Configuration Topologies for Enhancing the Performance of Solar Photovoltaic Water Pumping System

The numerous solar energies provide humans with clean, environmentally friendly, and abundant energy resources. Electricity shortages and high diesel prices have an impact on rural water irrigation systems and drinking water supplies. Solar energy for water pumping could be an alternative to standard electric and diesel pumping systems. The rising importance of solar photovoltaic water pumping systems (SPVWPS) as a feasible power source in rural, inaccessible, and unconnected areas drives the study. These locations, often in poor nations like India, lack conventional power. Solar energy is converted into electrical energy via photovoltaic (PV) technology, which is then used to power a DC or AC submersible or surface water pump. PV module configurations are crucial in improving a PV system’s performance. Many researchers have studied the solar water pumping design on series parallel combination and acquired the best system efficiency, but the other configurations, Total Cross Tied (TCT) and Bridge Link (BL) have never been employed in a solar water pumping system. This research aims to investigate the experimental comparison of different PV configurations for better system efficiency on different operating parameters. These PV array layouts were considered in a uniform situation. The result shows that power increases with increase in radiation and the flow rate provided by (6Sx2P) configuration is 18,956 l/day of water and calculated the best average pump efficiency.

A hybrid approach for PV based grid tied intelligent controlled water pump system

SummaryThis article proposes a hybrid POA‐RBFNN approach for PV (photovoltaic) based grid tied intelligent controlled water pump system. The proposed method is the hybrid wrapper of Pelican Optimization Algorithm (POA) and Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) and later it is termed as POA‐RBFNN method. On the basis of bidirectional power grids, this research presents bidirectional power flow control for PV systems. The water pump is driven through a three‐phase synchronous reluctance motor (RSM). A novel Cuk integrated Landsman converter can operate at low duty cycles to provide larger DC voltages with negligible switching losses is used. In addition, to enhance the pumping system reliability, solar panels and electric pumps can be used to their maximum potential. Despite fluctuating weather conditions, the system supplies nominal displacement all over the day and surplus energy to the grid. Furthermore, if one of the sources fails, the pump performance is unaffected. Switching losses are minimized since the Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) operates at a fundamental frequency. In all operational modes, this control delivers unique grid‐side power quality and unity power factor functioning. Here, the performance of the proposed hybrid system is implemented in the MATLAB and is compared with several existing methods.