Water Pollution Status Research Articles

Investigation and Analysis of Pollution Source Status in Shaanxi Section of Weihe River Basin

Building ecological civilization has become a consensus of the whole society. However, problems caused by water pollution and shortage of water resources cause huge economic losses every year. Over the years, the issue of water pollution in the Weihe River has attracted widespread attention from all walks of life. The premise of controlling the water pollution of the Weihe River is to find out the sources of pollution and the amount of pollutants discharged. Therefore, this study takes the Shaanxi section of the Weihe River Basin as the research section, and conducts a basic survey of the water pollution status of the main stream and tributaries of the Weihe River, and analyzes the sources, types and discharges of major wastewater pollutants, so as to provide the basis and basic data for the comprehensive management of the Weihe River Basin.

Analysis Of Phytoremediation Techniques As A Methodology For Removal Of Organic Pollutants From Water

The wastewater treatment and its purification has been one of the key areas of focused research along with a critical demand keeping in view the current status of water table depletion and pollution. The purification of wastewater to be recycled for usage poses a practical solution which can be achieved through the phytoremediation techniques. The utilization of phytoactive plants to remove the organic pollutants from water using the phytodegradation and phytoextraction approaches through Eichhornia crassipes , an aquatic plant, commonly known as water hyacinth has yielded potentially significant results in water quality testing for wastewater recycling. This research targets the analysis of usage of species E. crassipes for removal of organic pollutants through the water and plant analysis with clear benefits of being non-intrusive, higher filtration capacity and cost effective in developing countries. The implementation of phytoremediation techniques with combined crude industrial approaches of decreasing wastewater production will result in effective reduction in water wastage and deprivation. The acceptance of green technologies in the public domain remains a crucial step in the implementation of this research.

Assessment of River Water Quality and Pollution Status Using Physicochemical and Biometrics, Awetu River, Ethiopia

The surface water is contaminated by a variety of synthetic organic and inorganic compounds, chemicals, and nutrients; due to this reason, the quality of the water resources of Ethiopia is declining at an alarming rate, resulting in severe environmental degradation. The main objective of the study was to recognize the pollution status river for the study area by physicochemical parameters and the extent of microbial environmental matrices. The experiment was conducted using a complete randomized model with three composite replicates in each site, and water samples were collected from six different sampling sites using the American Public Health Association (APHA) technique. Water quality parameters were analyzed by the standard method of examination, whereas same examination was determined on site (in situ) (pH, Temp, Conductivity, and Turbidity), whereas TSS, COD, BOD, nitrate, alkali, and orthophosphate were identified in the laboratory. The relationship between physicochemical and benthos assemblages as bio indicators of ecohydrological river water quality was investigated using Spearman’s median rank correlation. The output of the study reveals that there was a negatively significant difference in effect between the sample and all the sites of the river. Physicochemical results of the river indicate Temp (23.62), EC (101.42), nitrate (2.175), and orthophosphates (0.081) were below the standard guidelines; however, turbidity (8.41), BOD (784.5), and alkali (396.5) were above the standard. Same of the water quality values for this study were ranges within the standard, DO (5.11), and pH (7.66). The benthos assemblage communities of the ecohydrological area were more influenced by the influents, and the macroinvertebrate index of all sample sites indicates the Shannon and Simpson diversity indices; result shows that the river was lightly polluted.

Physics-chemical Determination of Water Quality and Pollution Status of Multai Tapti River in District-Betul (M. P.)

Physics-chemical Determination of Water Quality and Pollution Status of Multai Tapti River in District-Betul (M. P.)

The Ganga River Water Pollution Status in India characterize with river Gomti

This article puts forward to provide the state of pollution of the Ganga River in India along with its tributaryriver Gomti. A lot of research works for monitoring and assessment ofGanga river water have been doneby many investigators in the past. With its pietism, Ganga River water is considered a great prominentriver in India so that people use the water to perform last rites to their loved ones. It is deteriorated due todischarge of untreated wastes, chemicals, heavy metals and sewage from Industries and Cities. This paperreveals governmental efforts toward river water preservation, not executed properly because of the apatheticapproach of people in our country. In India lack of sanitation in rural areas is also a major contributor ofriver water pollution. In the urban mega cities which are fast-growing- hotspots, pollution levels worsenalong the Ganga River including its tributary rivers. Some studies by CPCB reveal high BOD levels atdownstream, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) levels were high towards downstream at Haridwar,Kannauj, Kanpur and on peak at Varanasi but alarming is that, almost at all the stretches of Ganga riverand its tributaries, level of pollution is getting escalated. Alone Uttar Pradesh contributes 90% of Gangapollution so that it is chosen for further research including Gomti River a significant tributary of Ganga.Although there are many contributions of researchers in cleaning Ganga but structured and stringentmeasures for the environment are to be taken.

Pollution and substrate characteristics are correlated with intertidal macroalgal community structure on the eastern Libyan coast

ABSTRACT This pioneering investigation relates pollution indicators and substrate characteristics to algal diversity at seven sites along the eastern Libyan coast during autumn 2018 and spring 2019. Seawater chemical composition and algal diversity exhibited marked temporal and spatial variability. High concentrations of inorganic phosphorus (Pi), nitrite (NO2 −) and nitrate (NO3 −), along with low dissolved oxygen (DO) were used as indicators of water pollution. Water pollution status and nature of substrate were correlated with algal distribution and diversity. The algal community was dominated by rhodophytes followed by chlorophytes and ochrophytes, whereas cyanophytes and xanthophytes were rare. Interestingly, Xanthophyta was represented by the freshwater alga Vaucheria piloboloides. Chlorophytes, particularly Ulva spp, were associated with polluted sites, whereas rhodophytes and ochrophytes dominated the more pristine sites. Chlorophytes, rhodophytes and xanthophytes were more abundant in the cold season (October–December), whereas cyanophytes and ochrophytes were found in greater abundance in the warm season (March–May). In addition to the effect of pollution and climate, the nature of the substrate had a profound influence on algal diversity. The agreement between frequency of occurrence and percentage cover observed in cyanophytes, chlorophytes and ochrophytes was less evident in rhodophytes. The present work concludes that the enhanced urbanization at the eastern Libyan coast, with emergence of point source pollution mainly of municipal and industrial origins, has impacted the diversity of algal communities, leading to dominance of Chlorophyta, particularly Ulva spp, over the other algal groups at polluted sites.

Water quality monitoring using remote sensing, Lower Manyame Sub-catchment, Zimbabwe

Abstract The Lower Manyame Sub-catchment (LMS) is one of the most heavily polluted in Zimbabwe. Its waters are valuable for irrigation, domestic and industrial purposes. LMS has serious eutrophication problems emanating from human activities within it, and lakes Manyame and Chivero upstream. Data collected from October 2018 to April 2019 were used to test an integrated methodology based on field measurements and remote sensing. This study illustrates the production of multitemporal spatialised maps of total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations from satellite data acquired from Sentinel-2. The analysis confirmed the pollution (eutrophic and organic matter) status of LMS water, for the period considered by this research. As a result, careful land planning must be done through the joint operation of local authorities, regional agencies and regional institutions, since Manyame River is a tributary of the Zambezi River (a transboundary river).

Assessment of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) Level and Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Water and Sediment of Gulf of Guinea

The Lagos lagoon is the largest of the four lagoon systems of the Gulf of Guinea coast. This aquatic resource of multiple usages receives diverse organic and inorganic materials from domestic, industrial, emission, and thermal sources. The levels of Polybrominateddiphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were assessed to ascertain the pollution status of surface water and sediment within this lagoon system. Four stations were sampled for PBDEs analysis, and ranged for surface water physicochemical parameters are (27.93 to 28.50 ⁰C), (115.00 to 2152.70 µS/cm), (2.00 to 2.80 mg/L), (6.45 to 7.63), (25.02 to 84.60 NTU), (226.30 to 3999.00 mg/L), for temperature, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, and total dissolved solids respectively. While the Total Organic Carbon (TOC) in sampled sediment ranged from 0.5 to 5.71 mg/L., the total concentrations of PBDEs in sediments ranged from 31.6 to 47.5 µg/Kg. Whereas the BDEs concentration in water ranged from 3.7 to 10.5 pg/L, total PBDE concentration of individual congener for water ranged from approximately 0.8 to 12.5 pg/L. The BDE 28 predominates across the locations followed by BDE 99. Impact of PBDEs concentration in the marine environment was evident within the study area.

Water Quality Evaluation and Variation Trend Analysis of Rivers Upstream of the Dahuofang Reservoir in China

The Dahuofang Reservoir is one of the most important water sources in Liaoning Province, China, so it is critical to identify the status and evolution characteristics of its water quality. Six monitoring indicators were selected to analyze water quality differences and variation trends of each indicator in three inlet sections of the reservoir during different hydrological periods from 2003 to 2021, and an improved comprehensive pollution index method was proposed to study the pollution variation trends. The results showed three findings. (1) The water quality of the three rivers is better in high water periods than that in low water periods. (2) In terms of the spatial state of the water environment, water quality of the Hun River is the worst, the Suzi River is poor, and the She River is better. The worst indicator of the three rivers, TN (total nitrogen), has exceeded the standard for many years (Grade IV–Inferior Grade V). TP (total phosphorus) in the Hun River, which has deteriorated severely since 2013 and is positively correlated with rainfall; it is mainly influenced by pollution from agricultural activities. (3) The P value obtained by the improved method is lower than that of original method, which is mainly because TN is relatively stable, and the exceeding standard of TP is not as serious as TN. The improved method takes into account the interactions and fluctuations of indicators, so that it can reflect the pollution situation more scientifically. These results are helpful to evaluate the pollution status of surface water. It is suggested that water be transferred appropriately to improve water quality and take necessary management measures to reduce TN and TP in the Hun River.

Water Quality Assessment and Spatial-temporal Variation Analysis in Yellow River Basin

During the implementation of ecological protection in the Yellow River basin, understanding the water pollution status and spatio-temporal variation of water quality has become the most important thing for water safety in the basin. To analyze the water quality in recent years, the water quality data in the Yellow River basin from 2004 to 2018 were firstly collected from eight typical monitoring stations. Using a combination of multivariate data analysis methods including the Mann-Kendall (M-K) trend test, hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and modified comprehensive water quality identification index (WQI), the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of the water quality were then explored in the Yellow River basin. The results indicated that in terms of time variation, the HCA from the water quality time series showed that the water quality of the Yellow River basin could be divided into the wet season, normal season, and dry season, being basically consistent with the hydrological period. Combined with the M-K trend test and WQI-based water quality assessment, the water quality of the Yellow River basin was improving gradually, with 2010 as the critical year. The water quality in the wet season was superior to that in the dry season. The pollution indicator NH4+-N and permanganate index were dominant in both the wet season and dry season. According to the spatial variation analysis, the water quality for all the studied stations improved significantly. Spatial clustering showed that the S6 (Shanxi Yuncheng Hejin Bridge) was obviously different from others, and further comparative study demonstrated that S6 was constantly seriously polluted. The S7 (Henan Jiyuan Xiaolangdi) exhibited different characteristics in the wet and dry season. In all stations, NH4+-N was considered to be the most common pollution indicator, whereas the permanganate index and DO were also relatively serious for S6. In different hydrological seasons, NH4+-N and the permanganate index showed different characteristics, and their variety was related to the fact that the former mainly came from domestic and industrial sources, whereas the latter was mainly derived from agricultural sources. The modified WQI showed obvious advantages over single-factor water quality assessment, and the findings from this study can provide scientific evidence for water pollution control and comprehensive water quality management in the Yellow River basin.

Analysis of Water Pollution Causes and Control Countermeasures in Liaohe Estuary via Support Vector Machine Particle Swarm Optimization under Deep Learning

This study explores the loss or degradation of the ecosystem and its service function in the Liaohe estuary coastal zone due to the deterioration of water quality. A prediction system based on support vector machine (SVM)-particle swarm optimization (PSO) (SVM-PSO) algorithm is proposed under the background of deep learning. SVM-PSO algorithm is employed to analyze the pollution status of the Liaohe estuary, so is the difference in water pollution of different sea consuming types. Based on the analysis results for causes of pollution, the control countermeasures of water pollution in Liaohe estuary are put forward. The results suggest that the water pollution index prediction model based on SVM-PSO algorithm shows the maximum error of 2.41%, the average error of 1.24% in predicting the samples, the root mean square error (RMSE) of 5.36 × 10−4, and the square of correlation coefficient of 0.91. Therefore, the prediction system in this study is feasible. At present, the water pollution status of Liaohe estuary is of moderate and severe levels of eutrophication, and the water pollution status basically remains at the level of mild pollution. The general trend is from phosphorus moderate restricted eutrophication to phosphorus restricted potential eutrophication. To sum up, the SVM-PSO algorithm shows good sewage prediction ability, which can be applied and promoted in water pollution control and has reliable reference significance.

Water pollution assessment and health risk analysis of Puzhehei Lake

Puzhehei Lake is located in Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan Province. Water pollution assessment is of great significance for the pollution control of the lake and the sustainable development of the basin. This study evaluates the water pollution and eutrophication status of three sampling points (upstream, middle and downstream) of Puzhehei Lake based on single factor evaluation method, comprehensive pollution index method and improved comprehensive pollution index method based on entropy weight method, and analyzes the water health risk. The results show that the water quality of the three sampling points is sub-class V using the single factor evaluation method. The water quality evaluation result based on the traditional comprehensive pollution index method shows that the water quality of the three sampling points belongs to heavy pollution. By contrast, the improved comprehensive pollution index method based on entropy weight method shows that the water quality of Leshui Cave belongs to class V, while the water quality of Puzhehei Village and Karst Wetland Park belongs to class V. According to the comprehensive evaluation method, the water quality of the three sampling points before and after correction is ranked from good to bad as follows: Leshui Cave, Karst Wetland Park and Puzhehei Village. The water bodies of Leshui Cave and Puzhehei Village are moderately nutritious, and the water bodies of Karst Wetland Park are oligotrophic. The chemical carcinogens health risk in water at the three sampling points exceeded the standard seriously, and the risk ranking was as follows: Karst Wetland Park > Leshui Cave > Puzhehei Village, in which Cr exceeded the standard seriously. The non carcinogenic health risk are low, and the risk ranking is Puzhehei Village > Leshui Cave > Karst Wetland Park. In the future water quality control, we should focus on the strict control of TN and TP in rivers entering the lake.

Assessment of water quality based on biological indices of macrobenthos: a river under pressure from tourism activities

Cijulang River is one of the leading ecotourism objects in Pangandaran, West Java Province, Indonesia. However, the river has a variety of activities that can increase the water pollution in the river such as Green Canyon cliffs tourism, ecotourism of mangrove conservation, housing, and industrial siting. Macrobenthos is one of the bio-indicators that can assess the rate of water pollution in rivers, especially their organic pollutants. Therefore, this research aims to determine water pollution status in Cijulang River Tourism by comparing various biotic indices. The study was conducted at four site sampling locations from upstream to downstream in the rainy season period and dry season period using different methods namely, line transect model, water quality assessment by biological indexing (diversity, species dominant, and family biotic), species deficit, and organic measurement. The research showed 5873 macrobenthos and divided into 27 species with an average abundance of 167 ind.m-2 and are mainly dominated by gastropod species Faunus ater (40%). They are extreme species that can live in high organic pollution and water salinity. This divided the research of quality water assessment of Cijulang River into three categories as follows: slightly polluted (score 36-46) at Green Canyon site, moderately polluted (score 50-60) at Boat Shelter and Muara Cijulang location, and highly polluted (score 66) at Nusawiru site.Keywords:RiverBio-indicatorOrganicAquatic pollution

Is road-side fishpond water in Bangladesh safe for human use? An assessment using water quality indices

Pond water is used in everyday life by many people in Bangladesh, however, without sufficient and reliable information regarding water quality and pollution status. For this reason, geospatial analysis and mapping of water quality indices such as metal (MI), contamination (Cd), and physicochemical water quality index (WQI) were assessed to improve the understanding of potential pollution sources. Samples were collected from twenty randomly selected ponds situated in Jashore Sadar Upazila, Bangladesh. Nineteen (19) water quality parameters were measured, including pH, temperature, EC, TDS, total suspended solids (TSS), chloride, alkalinity, total hardness, salinity, Fe, Mn, Pb, Cr, Cd, Co, Zn, Ag, Ni, and Cu. The average concentration of Fe, Mn, Pb, Cd, and Ag was much higher than recommended standards. The WQI ranged from 1.59-5.27, Cd from -0.19-18.28, and MI from 7.81-26.28. The spatial distribution of MI indicates that the south-western and south-eastern region of the study area are stands out with a very high pollution pressure. The spatial distribution of Cd, follows the same trend as for MI. A multitude of different types of pollution sources contributes to the high pollution load such as, municipal wastewater, leachate from landfills, small industry wastewater and stormwater, and agricultural runoff. The studied pond water is highly polluted and not suitable for household use and fish consumption.

Water quality assessment and spatial–temporal variation analysis in Erhai lake, southwest China

Abstract For the implementation of lake ecological protection, understanding the water pollution status and spatio–temporal variation of water quality has become the most important thing for water safety in the basin. To analyze the water quality in recent years, water quality data in Erhai lake from 2013 to 2017 were first collected from typical nine monitoring stations. Based on the comprehensive water quality index (WQI) method, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of water quality in Erhai lake were analyzed, and the main factors affecting water quality in Erhai lake were explored. The results indicated that the water quality of Erhai lake was worse than its target water quality, and total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) exceeded the Class Ⅱ standards (TN: 0.5 mg L−1, TP: 0.025 mg L−1) of China’s Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-2002). In terms of changes across seasons, the overall lake water quality in the dry season was better than that in the wet season, and TN and TP reached the peak value in September. In terms of spatial distribution, water quality of the northern area was better than that of the southern area in the dry season, whereas water quality of the southern area was better than that of the northern area in the wet season. At present, Erhai lake is at a critical turning point of water eutrophication, and its nutrition status is mainly affected by both nitrogen and phosphorus. The pollution load from the land area is the main factor affecting the deterioration of Erhai lake. Our results can provide a scientific basis for the treatment of the water environment of Erhai lake.

Investigation on pollution sources of a Karst Underground River in southwest Guizhou

by means of karst hydrogeology investigation, pollution source investigation, water pollution status investigation, water quality sampling and detection, The water pollution of large karst underground river in Muerdong of southwest Guizhou Province was investigated and demonstrated. The analysis shows that:(1) the catchment area of groundwater unit in Muerdong-qingping River is about 270 km2, and there are many karst pipelines in the area, and finally discharge at the exit of the underground river at the lowest discharge datum level in the area. (2)there are mainly four replenishment subsystems in the underground river, it is found that the karst water system of Dajiang and Tanping river is finally discharged through the Q4, Q5 and Q6 karst springs or the underground river of Muerdong River, and neither the spring water nor the underground river is polluted, the outcrops of Yangjiaba Karst water system and Bayan karst water system in Muerdong underground river are Q1, Q2 And K35. The spring water and groundwater in the cave are polluted (3) the main pollution of the underground river of Muerdong is from the excrement of livestock and poultry in DK farm in the karst water system of yangjiaba, which is discharged into the underground pipeline of the underground karst river through the falling water cave. The water source area of Muerdong underground river is located in the strong karst area, the geological environment is fragile, and the suitability of developing large-scale aquaculture industry is poor. The government needs to enhance the understanding and use for reference in attracting investment.

Seasonal and Spatial Water Pollution Status at The Rivers Estuaries in Cirebon Region

Cirebon has 18 rivers that flow into the Java Sea. The Cirebon rivers play an important role in several sectors such as industrial, agriculture, household, and also aquaculture. The increasing anthropogenic activities, may have affected the health and quality of the Cirebon rivers and the surrounding area. This study aimed to determine the water pollution level of Cirebon rivers based on the Storage and Retrieval (STORET) and Pollution Index approaches. The study was conducted at seven different rivers located in the districts (kabupaten) and municipals (kotamadya) of Cirebon. The observation was performed during the end of the west monsoon (March 2019) as well as the beginning (July 2019) and the end of the east monsoon (November 2019). The STORET score of the Cirebon district rivers were between -10 and -20, which is categorized as lightly to moderately polluted. Similarly, most of the Cirebon municipal rivers were moderately contaminated throughout the year (-18 to -30). In contrast, the Pollution Index (PI) values of all observed rivers were between 1.0 to 5.0 which are categorized as lightly polluted.

Long-term change in the status of water pollution in Tokyo Bay: recent trend of increasing bottom-water dissolved oxygen concentrations

Long-term change in the status of water pollution in Tokyo Bay: recent trend of increasing bottom-water dissolved oxygen concentrations

Assessment of Water Quality Index and Pollution Load Capacity in the Sukowidi River and Bendo River, Banyuwangi Region

The river is a part of the surface water resource which is very potential for living. The quality of river water is greatly influenced by land use and human activities in the catchment area. Increasing the number population in Banyuwangi Region and its activity has the potential to reduce the water quality of the river, especially in the Sukowidi and Bendo catchment area, therefore it is necessary to assess the water quality. This research was conducted to identify the source of pollutants and determine the pollution index, status of water pollution, as well as to determine pollution load capacity. The data analysis was carried out quantitatively and graphically, and spatially with the QUAL2Kw and the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) by using ArcGIS 10.4.1. Land use on the two rivers is slightly different, that is rural, suburban, and urban areas. The pollution sources in the study area were point source and non-point source. The results showed that the pollution status of the Sukowidi River was "Light Polluted" and the high pollutant load carrying capacity had total suspended solids and nitrates. Meanwhile, in the Bendo River, the pollution status is not polluted yet and the pollutant load carrying capacity is on the quality standards. These findings provide valuable information and guidance for the Banyuwangi Regency government to decide on land use policy.

Examination of the Quality Indicators of Haraz River Water, Inflow and Outflow of Water of Fish Farm

This study was an attempt to examine the quality indicators of Haraz River water inflow and outflow of water of fish farms. This study aimed to prove and assess the water pollution status of Haraz River and investigate the impact of fish farms on river water quality. Sampling was performed in two seasons of summer and autumn of 2015 in seven stations of river water and inflow and outflow of farms water. Quality pollution index includes (temperature, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, electrical conductivity, BOD, COD, PH Were measured. Comparison of the results with the allowable values of Iran code and waste water standards showed that the factors in all samples and both seasons were in the allowable range and the rate of these indicators in autumn is higher than the summer. The amount of ammonia, carbon and total phosphate in summer is higher than the autumn. The findings of the results reveal that the proper quality and cleanliness of Haraz River water in the study area show that the activity of farms doesn’t have a significant effect on the quality index of Haraz River water.