Water Pipe Diameter Research Articles

Research on Mixing Law of Liquid Fertilizer Injected into Irrigation Pipe

The time and position that fertilizer takes to uniformly mix with water in an irrigation system significantly affects the development of a fertilization strategy. A pipe irrigation system was used to study the fertilizer–water mixing law in irrigation pipes using numerical simulation and experiments. The effect of the diameter of the water pipe and fertilizer pipe, water and fertilizer flow rates, concentration and viscosity of fertilizer, frequency of fertilizer injection on the mixing speed, and uniform mixing length indicated that the frequency of fertilizer injection did not affect the mixing process. The increase in the water pipe diameter and fertilizer flow rate or the decrease in fertilizer pipe and water flow rate diameter result in the increase of the speed of fertilizer solution mixing with water along the radial direction of the mixing pipe. The uniform mixing length was directly proportional to the fertilizer pipe diameter, water pipe diameter, water flow rate, and fertilizer viscosity, while it was inversely proportional to the flow rate and concentration of fertilizer. The relationship between the uniform mixing length and six influencing factors was fitted, the fitting was highly accurate, and the fitting equation can be used to predict the uniform mixing length under other conditions.

PERENCANAAN INSTALASI AIR BERSIH DAN AIR LIMBAH PADA GEDUNG CONTINUING PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA

Human activity in a building is closely related to the use of clean water. Planning for clean water and wastewater installations at the Continuing Program Development Program Building State University of Surabaya is carried out in order to meet water needs and the disposal process, as well as to estimate the budget. The method used is hydraulic analysis with SNI 03-7065-2005 as standard. The data required are technical specifications, design drawings, designed planning facilities and the Surabaya City HSPK in 2019. The need for clean water is determined using the number of users on each floor of the building. The planning of clean water pipe dimensions uses the Hazen-William method, while the dimensional planning of wastewater pipes and ventilation pipes uses the unit load plumbing method. The results of the calculation of large clean water needs 222.64 m3 / hour; clean water pipe dimensions range ¾ "- 5"; black water pipe diameter 4 "and grey water pipe diameter range 1" - 2 "; vent pipe diameter 2 "and 4"; Plumbing installation planning costs Rp. 2,481,776,832.00.

Development of Electromagnet for Laboratory Water Treatment Experiments

Water is said to be magnetized when it flows across the magnetic field and magnetized water finds its application in many areas of life. Despite the numerous benefits of magnetized water, very little works have been reported on the development of magnet for water magnetizer application. In most of the reported works, the detailed theoretical analysis and design procedure required for the development of the magnet was not accounted for; hence the need for the present study. Electromagnetic means of producing flux density is considered in this study due to its advantage of flux density variation, which is not achievable with the use of its permanent magnet counterparts. The design equation of short electromagnet was derived from the existing equations of coil magnetic flux density and then used for the air core electromagnet design. The variation of the magnetic flux density with the distance between two electromagnets was empirically investigated. The performance of the developed electromagnet is satisfactory, as the flux density varies between 814.6 and 510G corresponding to the gap (0 - 4cm) between the coils (i.e., water pipe diameter). Keywords— Air core, Coils, Iron core, Magnetic flux density, Magnetized water

Performance of a hybrid solar collector system in days with stable and less stable radiative regime

The aim of this work is to analyse the performance of a solar energy collector system for water and air heating in real working conditions. Two coupled mathematical models have been developed. One of them describes the thermal behaviour of the Hybrid Solar Collector (HSC) and the second one describes the simultaneous operation of the HSC and of a fully mixed water storage tank. The dependence of the performance of the HSC system on the following three parameters has been studied: (1) water and air mass flow rate; (2) water pipe diameter and air channel height; (3) water storage tank volume. The mathematical models were used to evaluate the HSC system performance during 29 different days, covering all four seasons. A higher water flow rate generally enhances the thermal efficiency of the HSC system, but the enhancement became significantly smaller at higher air flow rates. Positive but small values are recommended for the difference between the fluid temperature at solar collectors exit and the water temperature in the tank. The thermal efficiency of the HSC system is higher on nearly clear sky and decreases in case the amount of clouds on the sky increases.