Water Intake System Research Articles

Experimental investigation of material properties of GFRP pipe for numerical simulation of novel nuclear power plant cooling water intake system

The cooling systems of nuclear power plants are typically made of reinforced concrete water intake structures and special steel pipes, making them large, important structures that necessitate very expensive special productions. In the scope of this research, an innovative design for 4-meter diameter GFRP composite pipes used in nuclear power plant cooling systems was developed using the circular wrapping method. The composite GFRP pipe used in the study has a substantial embedment depth. For this reason, an innovative design was created using unique stiffening rings, and the impact of these rings on the overall behavior was investigated. The nonlinear numerical analysis model of the nuclear power station cooling system, which consists of three pipes with a diameter of 4 m, was then created with ANSYS finite element software using the determined material models, and the results were interpreted. As a result of the study, a composite GFRP pipe design that can be used as a cooling system in significant structures like nuclear power plants has been developed.

Alternative Arrangement for Roof Tops Rural Housing Catching Rain Water in the Semi-Arid

Harvesting rainwater for human consumption through rooftops is becoming an increasingly common practice, especially in regions where there are no community water supplies, such as much of the Indian semi-arid region. The water collection systems installed in this region are based on the construction of cisterns to collect water collected through roofs. In order to contribute to the improvement of the performance of these systems, this work aimed to study the problems preventing the proper functioning of this important water supply and to propose design solutions adapting appropriate technologies for the rural population of the Indian hemisphere, Arid region. The starting point was a field study conducted in the rural community of Namakkal Taluk in Tamil Nadu between 2020 and 2021. The results showed that 80% of the residential buildings surveyed have a water intake system, but only 16% store enough water for a year-round supply. It was found that this low rate is mainly due to unreliable conditions for installation and maintenance of water conduit subsystems (gutters and channels). Based on this finding, and taking into account functional and aesthetic-formal aspects, five alternative devices for rainwater harvesting systems, consisting of roofs, gutters and channels, were developed. In order to simplify and, as a result, reduce the cost, the gutter supports were eliminated, which gave a performance advantage over conventional systems.

PSXIV-10 Estimation of Genetic Parameters of Traits Associated with Water Efficiency, Feed Efficiency and Growth in Beef Cattle

Abstract Concerns about water availability, quality and accessibility have intensified. The livestock industry, particularly the beef sector, is under pressure to adopt more sustainable practices that optimize water usage while improving growth and feed efficiency. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters of traits associated with water efficiency, feed efficiency and growth in beef cattle. The data were collected from 916 seedstock bulls and heifers representing six breeds (Angus, Charolais, Hereford, Limousin, Simmental and Sim-Angus) in a facility equipped with Vytelle SENSE feed intake, water intake and in-pen body weight recording systems, located at the West Virginia University central testing facility in Wardensville, WV. The animals were part of six performance tests between November 2019 and September 2022, with an average age at the start of the test of 284 days, and an average test duration of 73 days. The rations were formulated to achieve 1.5 to 1.6 kg/d ADG (depending on the test) and had a high forage inclusion (>75% corn silage and >15% dry hay, as fed). The facility consists of 5 pens and animals were rotated every two weeks through the pens, so all animals are exposed to all pens. The phenotypes analyzed were average daily water intake (DWI), residual water intake (RWI), average daily dry matter intake (DMI), residual feed intake (RFI), and average daily gain (ADG). RWI and RFI were used to measure the water and feed efficiency of the animals. The genetic parameters were estimated with multi-trait animal models using Echidna mixed model software. In all models, breed, sex and the contemporary group (trial number and pen group) were included as fixed effects, the age at the start of the test was added as a covariate, and the animal was treated as a random effect. RWI and RFI were analyzed by adding ADG and metabolic mid-weight as additional covariates. The estimates of heritability for DWI, RWI, DMI, RFI and ADG were 0.49 (± 0.11), 0.40 (± 0.10), 0.35 (± 0.11), 0.16 (± 0.07) and 0.47 (± 0.11) respectively. Average daily water intake exhibited a positive genetic correlation with RWI (0.90), DMI (0.71), and ADG (0.76). On the other hand, the genetic correlation between RWI and RFI was not significantly different from zero, and genetic correlation between RWI and ADG was slightly positive. These results suggest that selecting for enhanced water efficiency in beef cattle can effectively decrease the daily water consumption without any adverse effect on feed efficiency, although it may have a small impact on growth. The complete genetic and phenotypic correlations are in Table 1. In conclusion, the traits associated with water intake and efficiency in beef cattle have a sizable genetic component and show potential for genetic improvement.

Development of intelligent automatic water intake system for open-pit mine

In order to solve the problem that the automation level of water intake system in open-pit mine is relatively low and the phenomenon of fault shutdown occurs from time to time, this paper innovatively develops an intelligent automatic water intake system based on LabVIEW suitable for open-pit mine. On the basis of extensive investigation of field conditions and in-depth analysis of domestic and foreign open-pit mine water intake system, the overall design scheme of this system was put forward. The selection of electric gate valve, ball valve, various sensors and Siemens 1200 series PLC was completed. The system software which integrates system initialization subroutine, pump rotation start-stop subroutine, sensor polling subroutine, fault protection and alarm subroutine was compiled. The monitoring software of Upper machine was developed based on LabVIEW software platform. The field debugging and operation results show that the system realizes the real-time monitoring of the operation state of the water intake unit, the on-demand start and stop and the intelligent rotation control of the water pump, which greatly reduces the labor intensity of the workers, prolongs the service life of the equipment, greatly improves the intelligent operation and maintenance level of pumping units of open-pit mine, and lays a solid foundation for green mining.

Free-Surface Vortices Mitigation using Anti-Vortex Plates in Dam Intakes through CFD

By recording parameters such as velocity and volume fraction by contour plots or plane, a CFD model enables to analyse flow patterns in the model, such as free-surface vortices A free-surface vortex, a common problem may indeed be observed in a variety of submerged water intakes, notably shallow basins and low head intakes. These FSVs are likely to form an air-core vortex, eventually entrapping detritus and air pockets in the water intake system and causing further vibration and damage to the downstream turbine. When paired with a high velocity, the formation of vortices in the system been known to produce hydraulic transients, which cause unwanted operation or pressure changes. The model of the 1:100 scale dam reservoir was generated, computationally meshed, and modelled in FLUENT under ANSYS 2019 R3 at two different water levels to observe the FSV formations. To mitigate those FSV formations, anti-vortex plates with two distinct plates—square and wedge—were used. From the findings square plates outperform wedge plates because square it lowers the speed of a fast-flowing fluid and reduces it into a laminar flow rather of a turbulent flow, which benefits vortex class deterioration. Data from the simulation and experimental shows a strong agreement in terms of velocity at outlet 1 from both water levels with relative errors of 3.0% and 14.1% respectively

Cooling water intake system safety analysis based on impingement probability

Invasion or aggregation of marine organisms in cooling water intake systems (CWIS) has gradually become an important problem affecting the safety of nuclear power plants with environmental and climate changes. In this study, a 3-dimensional numerical model (TELEMAC-3D) was used to determine the impingement probability in a typical nuclear power plant with a once-through cooling system, and the effect on CWIS safety. The factors controlling impingement probability were also analyzed. Results show that (1) impingement probability decreased rapidly with an increase in distance from the CWIS. In addition, the distance of the impingement effect of a nuclear power plant with six units was mainly within 1 km of the CWIS. (2) Impingement probability increased with water withdrawal, and as distance to the CWIS increased, the increase in probability increased. (3) Generally, an increase in tide strength led to a decrease impingement probability. (4) Near the CWIS, the impingement probabilities of areas upstream or downstream of the CWIS along the tidal flow direction were much higher than those not in those areas. (5) An increase in water depth significantly reduced impingement probability. When the water depth of the CWIS increased from 5 m to 15 m, impingement probability was reduced up to 30%. Based on the above findings, the following suggestions were made to minimize the impingement effects on CWIS safety: first, the CWIS of coastal nuclear power plants should be set in an area with low aquatic biomass, strong tides, deep water, and few surface species within the range of 1 km, and second, the amount of cooling water withdrawal or velocity should be reduced as much as possible.

Research on configuration and performance of water ramjet pressurized water intake system

Water ramjet is the most ideal power propulsion device for high-speed underwater weapons. However, failure to start it at low-speed makes it hard for the engine to be widely used. In order to solve the problem of starting water ramjet at low-speed, a configuration scheme of water ramjet pressurized water intake system of the micro-turbine driving micro-mixed-flow pump is proposed. The design method of micro-turbine and micro-mixed-flow pump is perfected. And the simulation model of turbine and mixed-flow pump is established. The rationality of the design results was verified by numerical simulation. The matching design of the turbine and the mixed-flow pump is completed. And the working performance of the pressurized water inlet system is analyzed. The results show that the maximum relative deviation between the design results of the turbine and the pump and the target value is less than 3.2%, and the booster system can increase the fluid pressure by 2.0 MPa, reducing the starting speed of the ramjet from 90 to 63 m/s. The research results of this paper have reference value for the engineering application of water ramjet technology.

Perencanaan Sistem Penyediaan Air Bersih dengan Metode Treatment di Desa Sidogede Kecamatan Prembun Kabupaten Kebumen dalam Program Pamsimas III 2021

The supply of clean water for the residents of Sidogede Village, Prembun District, is currently insufficient. In order to be able to obtain water for their daily needs, some people still transport it. The need for clean water in some places does not match the amount of clean water available in that place, so that it does not meet the demand for water. Around this area there is a river flow which has the potential to be utilized for planning the supply of clean water. Population growth for this village is calculated by projecting water demand. Plan year on the water supply system for the next 15 years from 2021. In this study, four units of parallel dug wells were used for extraction. The clean water supply system includes raw water intake, reservoir, processing, and distribution systems in providing clean water. The distribution of clean water to service locations uses a gravity system with a simple water treatment system with a 3m x 2m x 2m reservoir to store water and become one building with a treatment tub. The clean water treatment design uses treatment processing which contains zeloid stones. The design of a clean water supply system uses hydraulic calculations for pipe dimensions. The use of infiltration wells with pumps is channeled to the Treatment Tub and to the Reservoir and then channeled to the service area using PVC pipes. The diameter for the transmission pipe is 1.5'' and for the distribution pipe is 1''. Keyword: distribution, treatment, hydraulics, pipes, reservoirs

A Model-Based Approach to Risk Evaluation and the Assessment of Protection Provided by Water Intake and Treatment Systems

A Model-Based Approach to Risk Evaluation and the Assessment of Protection Provided by Water Intake and Treatment Systems

Performance Evaluation of Artificial Recharge–Water Intake System Using 3D Numerical Modeling

In this study, 3D detailed numerical modeling was performed to evaluate the performance of an artificial recharge–water intake system installed to secure agricultural water in drought areas. Using a 3D irregular finite element grid, a conceptual model was constructed that reflected the actual scale of the study area and artificial recharge–water intake system and considered the characteristics of saturated–unsaturated aquifers. The optimal design factors for the artificial recharge system were derived through the constructed conceptual model, and were reflected to evaluate the individual performance of the artificial recharge and water intake system in the study area. Finally, an optimal operating scenario for the artificial recharge and water intake system was developed. The operation scenarios were composed of an appropriate injection rate and water withdrawal for each period from March, when the demand for agricultural water was low, to June, when the dry season and farming season overlapped, considering the target water withdrawal amount (30,000 tons) of the region, derived from water budget analysis. The proposed results are expected to be very useful in the future for the efficient operation and management of artificial recharge–water intake systems installed in drought areas.

Is Inadequate Water Intake a Risk Factor for Vestibular Disorders?

Water is a vital nutrient for the human body system and failing to consume enough water could cause health problems. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between water intake and vestibular system disorders. Data from 93 patients (aged between 20 and 76 years) with vestibular disorders were analyzed in the study. The mean age of the patients was 46.96 ±13.94 years (female: 45.68 ±13.45, male: 49.96 ±14.85), and 69.9% (n=65) were female. Participants were sub-categorized into diagnostic groups as follows: benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Meniere's disease, vestibular neuritis, vestibular migraine, and persistent postural perceptual dizziness. The water intake information was analyzed for total water, plain water, and caffeinated beverages separately and compared between groups. There was a significant difference between vestibular neuritis and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (P < .001) and also between vestibular neuritis and Meniere's disease (P = .021) in terms of the intake values of plain water and total water. No significant difference was found between groups in caffeinated beverages intake (P = .151), and it was found that there is no statistically significant difference in plain water and total water intake in terms of gender (P > .05). The most significant result of this study is that inadequate water intake can be a risk factor for some forms of peripheral vestibular disorders. People should be informed about the importance of drinking water and be encouraged to increase their water intake.

Physical model setup and tests on cooling circulation water pumping intake system

Abstract The thermal power plant built by the Taiwan power company intends to use multiple cooling circulation water intake systems to introduce seawater from adjacent sea areas. The water in the front pool of the water inlet is introduced into the pump chamber through the large pump in the circulating water pump sump. The primary function of the pump chamber is to provide a stable and uniform flow condition before the large pump sucks in the seawater. When the hydro-dynamic conditions outside the pumping station are not ideal, and the inflow is relatively unstable, the pumping chamber can provide a buffer space for rectification. In addition, when the flow field near the suction intake of a large pump can maintain a certain degree of stability in space and time, it can reduce the frequency and intensity of the vortex or other harmful factors caused by the flow field. Moreover, a pump sump flow field can also maintain the pump's working efficiency, reducing vibration and maintenance costs. Although the relevant design standards such as the Hydraulic Institute (H.I.) standard in the United States or the British Hydromechanics Research Association (B.H.R.A.) standard in the United Kingdom can be consulted for different types of pumping room geometric layout planning and design recommendations. However, most design references are obtained from the boundary conditions of general cases. Therefore, these design criteria indicate that when the pump room geometry and flow conditions have special considerations or detail design, physical model tests should be conducted to verify it or correct the layout according to the model test results. Because the fluid mechanisms involved in the relevant research are complex, the current theoretical or numerical models are not enough to fully simulate flow fields. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a physical model test based on the feasibility model scale. Based on the similarity theory to scale down prototype structures, the flow mechanism of preliminary design is reproduced, and the revised plan is also verified in the physical model to satisfy the project objectives. The qualitative flow field visualization method was used to observe the free surface vortex, subsurface vortices, and the swirl angle in the suction pipe under different layout schemes at each physical test case. The tested results show that the flow pattern and vortex strength are both acceptable with designed anti-vortex devices.

Modeling the correlation between water resources carbon emission and water consumption

Study the influencing factors and future changes of consumption carbon emissions and water consumption, and provide scientific support for the formulation of targeted policies in the region. Analyze the mechanism of energy consumption structure on carbon intensity, calculate the carbon emission of water intake system, water supply system, drainage and sewage treatment system. Use the idea of carbon emission decomposition model to build a water consumption decomposition model. The LMDI is used to decompose all factors without residual error, and the trend coefficient of gray correlation degree is used to judge the growth trend of energy consumption and carbon emission. The Baiyangdian Lake Basin is selected as the research water area. Based on the statistical data from 1986 to 2018, the direct path coefficients of the respective variables can be obtained. The absolute value of the respective variable, t, is greater than t &lt; 0.01(25) = 2.496, and indicating that the path coefficient of the respective variable to the dependent variable is extremely significant. The growth rate of total energy consumption and certain energy consumption is less than the growth rate of CO2 emissions, and the minimum detected carbon emissions per unit time is not less than 20 kg, indicating that the proposed method has certain monitoring efficiency and monitoring stability.

Experiment of Solar Semiconductor Condensing Wall Water Intake System Based on Big Data

With the rapid development of industry and agriculture, fresh water resources are increasingly scarce, desertification control project investment is more, but the benefit is small. In order to solve the practical problem of water scarcity in desert areas and the waste caused by water not being applied precisely to plants, Based on the rapid development of 5G network signal transmission technology and big data analysis technology, a set of solar semiconductor condensation wall water intake system is designed to inject new vitality into the process of desertification control by taking advantage of the environmental and climatic characteristics of desert areas. Through theoretical analysis, big data analysis and experimental study of the system, taking Liangzhou District of Wuwei City in Gansu Province as an example, the comprehensive analysis of the system was carried out. The results show that the theoretical water output per hour of the system is 138.3g, and the cumulative power generation of the system in 20 years is 28800kWh, which can reduce standard coal combustion by 8.64t, reduce CO2222.64t, and save 33609.6 yuan.

발전플랜트 지중 냉각수 취수시스템의 서지 해석에 관한 연구

In this study, surge analysis was performed to investigate the risk for overflow in a pump station of power plant with different design cases. In case of a reference model with intake bay length of 36 m, the water level of pump station increased to a maximum of 4.1 m if all intake pumps stopped. This result means that there is no overflow at the pump station, the launching shaft, or the end shaft. In case of alternative model with inlet bay length shorter than the reference model by 9 m, there was no possibility of overflow occurrence since the water level of pump station increased up to 4.4 m. If four pumps were tripped, the water level of pump station increased under the height of structure in both reference and alternative models. It was found that the stability of sea water intake system could be secured in spite of a reduction of inlet bay length for construction cost reduction.

Experimental Investigation of a Novel Extracting Water System from Air by Soil Cold Source

The distribution of fresh water resources is extremely uneven at home and abroad, and the air contains a large amount of water vapor that can be used, so air water has been a widespread concern. Air condensation method is simple and efficient and has strong water intake capacity, but it often needs to consume huge energy. Therefore, this work proposes a new simple and innovative method of drawing water from the air, based on extracting water from air process achieved by using the soil as the cold source. The new type of ground cold air water intake system is designed by the new innovative method, which uses the soil with constant temperature as the cold source to reduce energy consumption. By comparing the central composite design experiment with the field experiment and analyzing the condensate water and outlet temperature under different wind speed and humidity conditions, the quadratic equation expression of condensate water and outlet temperature is obtained, and the optimal import wind speed range under a certain humidity range is obtained according to the mathematical model. The experimental results show that the heat transfer effect between air and soil is ideal, the water intake can reach 2.2 kg in 20-hour continuous collection experiment, the air temperature is close to the soil temperature after cooling, and the effect of water intake is good, which confirms the feasibility of soil as a cold source of air condensation.

Bayesian-estimation-based method for generating fragility curves for high-fidelity seismic probability risk assessment

ABSTRACT This paper presents a Bayesian-estimation-based seismic fragility assessment method that can significantly reduce the computational burden. The likelihood function and prior distribution used in the Bayesian estimation were enhanced. A probability density function of the seismic capacity was adopted as the likelihood function, although previous studies have generally used the fragility curve. Further, the prior distribution was assumed based on the seismic capacity obtained by incremental dynamic analysis. A sophisticated parametric study was additionally conducted, and we obtained information on the unknown parameters of the prior distribution to establish the initial values. Preliminary investigations show that these enhancements reduced the required number of seismic simulations to approximately 1/5 of that of the conventional Bayesian method. Then, the method was applied to a reinforced-concrete water intake system, which is a critical component of the core-cooling system in nuclear power plants (NPPs). The results revealed that the fragility curves determined using the proposed method with 12 repetitions of the simulations were comparable to those using a detailed method developed by the Atomic Energy Society of Japan with 500 repeated simulations. Therefore, we concluded that the proposed method could be applied to high-fidelity structures to substantially reduce the computational burden.

JellyNet: The convolutional neural network jellyfish bloom detector

Coastal industries face disruption on a global scale due to the threat of large blooms of jellyfish. They can decimate coastal fisheries and clog the water intake systems of desalination and nuclear power plants. This can lead to losses of revenue and power output. This paper presents JellyNet: a convolutional neural network (CNN) jellyfish bloom detection model trained on high resolution remote sensing imagery collected by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). JellyNet provides the detection capability for an early (6–8 h) bloom warning system. 1539 images were collected from flights at 2 locations: Croabh Haven, UK and Pruth Bay, Canada. The training/test dataset was manually labelled, and split into two classes: ‘Bloom present’ and ‘No bloom present’. 500 × 500 pixel images were used to increase fine-grained pattern detection of the jellyfish blooms. Model testing was completed using a 75/25% training/test split with hyperparameters selected prior to model training using a held-out validation dataset. Transfer learning using VGG-16 architecture, and a jellyfish bloom specific binary classifier surpassed an accuracy of 90%. Test model performance peaked at 97.5% accuracy. This paper exhibits the first example of a high resolution, multi-sensor jellyfish bloom detection capability, with integrated robustness from two oceans to tackle real world detection challenges.

Numerical investigation of vortex formation in water intake system of a pumping station during low and high tides

The performance of pumps installed in pumping stations depends greatly on vortex formation at pipe intakes. Using numerical simulations and experimental methods, this study focuses on vortex formation in water intake system of a pumping station under the tidal conditions of the Bahmanshir River. The intake system consisted of a suction pipe and a fine intake screen. Realizable k–ε turbulence model together with volume of fluid (VOF) two-phase (water–air) model are used to simulate the flow field in the water intake system. Vortex formation, flow pattern and flow uniformity are investigated. Water levels and free surface velocities of the river are measured in a 1-year period. The water levels range from 2.1 to 4.9 m and the corresponding free surface velocity varies from 1.05 to 2.35 m/s. The numerical results show that two wall-attached vortices permanently stretched to the intake screen. Additionally, two symmetrical vortices with different intensities formed in the intake screen. As the submergence of the intake pipe decreases during low tides, stronger vortices arise in the screen. Analysis of the velocity uniformity shows low level of flow uniformity at the pump intake. Low level of uniformity is attributed to the existence of the intake screen and its check valve, which facilitates the formation of vortices in the suction pipe. Based on present analysis, recommendations for modifications and improvements to the design of the pumping station are presented.

Exploration of the hydraulic structure of the water supply facilities operation mode and flow

For multi-section drainage facilities, it is important to develop operational measures based on maneuvering moving barriers. Maneuvering of moving barriers is a measure that carries out the flow of water from the upper reaches to the lower reaches at the required level, taking into accounts the design features and operational mode of the hydraulic regime of the drainage structure. The maneuvering mode in the flow of water from the discharge structures ensures the order of opening, phasing, and level of opening of these movable barriers. Hydraulic conditions are associated with the effective control of the hydraulic regime in the lower part of the drainage structure or the suppression of excess kinetic energy, the reversal of the flow, or the prevention of post-riser deformation processes. Creating conditions ensuring that the hydrotechnical and hydropower construction of the water transfer or discharge facility is adapted for use in conjunction with a hydropower plant, water intake, sluices, and flow control system.