Water In Italy Research Articles

Some economic considerations on wastewater reclamation for irrigation, with reference to the Italian situation

The purpose of this work is to check construction and operation costs for simplified post-treatment trains able to produce water displaying a quality suitable for different agricultural uses. Having in mind the quality of most of surface waters in Italy, the main parameters to control for a general purpose reclaimed water supply are microbial quality and TSS content. Therefore a contact filtration followed by disinfection is to be considered the minimum option, while the use of polishing ponds can be strictly limited in many Italian regions due to the area requirements and to the need to provide a full lining of bottom and levees. Some data referring to surface waters quality and to the Italian epidemiological situation are given. On the basis of the current Italian situation, the construction and operation cost increases due to a polishing section, downstream a standard municipal WWTP, are evaluated and the impact of different technical choices is shortly discussed (disinfection options, chemicals, etc.). Some considerations about the link existing in Italy between the cost of water for irrigation and the agricultural economy are made.

Environmental intervention and water resource management in the history of the Mezzogiorno

SummaryThis article shows how the discovery of electrical energy that could be transmitted and used in industry triggered a huge effort to take advantage of Southern Italy's water resources and improve its natural environment. In the early years of the twentieth century, primarily through the initiative of Francesco Saverio Nitti, the great statesman and environmental expert, the rivers and forests of the South became an object of particular attention in that they were to be the central element in conservation measures whose aim was to produce cheap electricity, but which also necessarily involved reforestation, state control of forestry, the embankment of rivers and other changes. For southern reformers such plans were envisaged as the way to launch industrialization in the South.

Drinking water supply in Italy

Although rainfall in Italy is one of the most abundant in Europe (1,000 mm/y), it is insufficient, especially in the south where it is seasonal. At present, the water supply meets 86% of the requirement in the north but only 30% in the south. Water in Italy is highly subsidized so the cost is very low compared to other countries in Europe, which allows for only restricted improvements in the water supply system. With improved management and more realistic prices, new technologies for water production—especially membrane processes—could be affordable.

Water in Italy: Technical, Legal and Administrative Aspects – National Contribution to II Mediterranean Water Conference Promoted by the Commission of the European Communities By A Team of 40 Editors and Authors 327 pp., diagrams, tables, 24 × 17 × 1.5 cm, no price indicated, printed by Edigrafica, Rome, Italy, on the account of the Ministry of Public Works of

Water in Italy: Technical, Legal and Administrative Aspects – National Contribution to II Mediterranean Water Conference Promoted by the Commission of the European Communities By A Team of 40 Editors and Authors 327 pp., diagrams, tables, 24 × 17 × 1.5 cm, no price indicated, printed by Edigrafica, Rome, Italy, on the account of the Ministry of Public Works of

Mineral waters in Italy

The use of spring water as a drinking, therapeutic, and ornamental resource has historical origins that date back to the Romans. The most ancient regulations on “mineral waters” had been enacted in Italy long before the union (1870).

Geochemistry of carbon dioxide in six travertine-depositing waters of Italy

The chemical compositions of six travertine-depositing hot spring waters in Italy are described with emphasis on the carbon dioxide system. All springs contained high concentrations of CO 2 (>20 mM l −1) with equilibrium partial pressures well above those which could have been formed in contact with a soil atmosphere. After surfacing, the CO 2 is rapidly lost to the atmosphere, with evasion rates close to the springs ranging from 0.45–4.41 mM m −2 s −1. Partial pressures of C02 showed an exponential decline with distance, which is consistent with the static film model where temperature and turbulence are constant. Downstream CO 2 transfer coefficients, which ranged from 66 to 360 cm h −1 were consistent with moderately turbulent flow, however, there was no correlation between turbulence, measured as the mean shear stress, and CO 2 evasion rate. The channels investigated had all been modified by man and most possessed even widths and gradients. All waters became increasingly supersaturated with aragonite and calcite downstream and both of these minerals were present in fresh travertine deposits. The supersaturation was driven almost exclusively by gas evasion. Comparison of daytime and nighttime evasion rates demonstrated that photosynthetic activity was an insignificant source of CO 2 flux in the reaches investigated. Carbon dioxide evasion is therefore primarily responsible for the supersaturation and probably also the deposition of travertine at these sites. The CaCO 3 content of the travertines ranged from 91.3 to 96.0 wt% with 1.7–4.1% CaSO 4, traces of organic matter and acid-insoluble minerals.

Macroinvertebrate distribution in streams: a comparison of CA ordination with biotic indices

Macroinvertebrates were collected in running waters in Italy, analyzed with correspondence analysis (CA) and with the calculation of 8 biotic indices. Then the CA ordination axes were correlated with 19 environmental variables and with biotic indices.

Thermal springs in Italy: their relation to recent tectonics

The large scale circulation of thermal waters in Italy is reviewed from both a chemical and an isotopic point of view. Two main areas are recognized: one in the Alpine region and the other in the central-southern Apennine region. The Alps are an area of very high hydraulic heads and low thermal gradients, where hot, deep-seated waters of meteoric origin rapidly reach the surface along active boundary fault systems. The Apennines, in contrast, are characterized by lower hydraulic heads and higher thermal gradients. All thermal springs in Italy (including those in active volcanic areas) originate essentially from meteoric waters, and most follow long pathways in Mesozoic carbonate-anhydritic aquifers before emerging, as indicated by relations among present hydrothermal activity in central-southern Italy, deep crustal structures and P CO 2 content in thermal waters.

Chironomids and water temperature

Response curves for the abundance value of chironomid species against water temperature were analyzed and optimum, tolerance, skewness and kurtosis calculated. The data base consisted of 127 taxa and 991 sites in running waters in Italy. Optimum temperature was calculated as weighted mean temperature, tolerance as weighted standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis as 3rd and 4th moment statistics respectively. Species were sorted according to optimum temperature. Most species are cold stenothermal and show tolerance for a narrow temperature range, very few species have a clearly plurimodal response. Cold stenothermal species have an optimum near their minimum tolerance value, warm water species have an optimum near their maximum tolerance value. The warm water species are more or less eurythermal. Lack of data prevents the demonstration of a relationship between thermal tolerance and the position of a species in the evolutionary tree, but the problem is worthy of further study.

Eutrophication of Inland and Coastal Waters in Italy

Eutrophication of Inland and Coastal Waters in Italy

The Occurrence of Bulbella abscondita (Bryozoa, Ctenostomata) in Brackish Waters of Northern Italy

AbstractThe victorellid bryozoans, Tanganella muelleri and Bulbella abscondita, have been found in the delta of the River Po, Northern Italy. Our finds seem to be the first recorded of B. abscondita in waters in Italy.

Networks: monitoring air and water in Italy

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNetworks: monitoring air and water in ItalyLuigi. Gatti and Jon. Lee-FramptonCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1976, 10, 12, 1092–1096Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/es60122a009RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views32Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts