Water Hyacinth Research Articles

Perencanaan Tahapan Persiapan Dan Perhitungan Reklamasi Di Lahan Bekas Tambang Air Rikai PT Timah Tbk Kabupaten Bangka

The research location chosen was the Air Rikai ex-mining land, which is an alluvial ex-mining land within the IUP of PT Timah Tbk. The negative impact that arises from mining is in the form of land damage. This research aims to overcome damage and also ensure that reclamation activities can be carried out well. The method used in this research is a quantitative method. The data taken is in the form of soil samples, soil pH and water pH data, topographic data (x,y,z coordinates) and bathymetric data for the depth of the pit. The results of data processing and analysis show that the condition of the land to be reclaimed has an area of 13 Ha and is divided into 2, namely voids with a total area of 1.57 Ha and land area of 11.43 Ha. Land use is carried out by stockpiling overburden with a required volume of overburden of 35,511.54 m³. Land leveling with a volume of pushed soil of 35,280 m³. Arrangement of the edge of the pit with a volume of soil moved of 230.29 m³. Construction of drainage channels with an excavation volume of 214.59 m³. Installation of concrete buis type culverts with dimensions of 50 x 50 cm and a length of 50 cm. In the revegetation, 1,517 oil palm trees were planted, then 463 sea cypress trees were planted along the underside and LCC seeds to help loosen the soil. Treating acid mine drainage with 350 water hyacinths. The costs required for reclamation are divided into 2, namely, Direct Costs and Indirect Costs. The direct costs required are IDR 679,286,160 and the indirect costs required are IDR 213,975,140. The total costs required for reclamation of land with an area of 13 Ha are IDR 893,261,300.

Turbulence and sediment deposition in a channel with floating vegetation

Floating canopies of vegetation alter the vertical profile of flow velocity within and below canopies, which in turn impacts sediment deposition below canopies. This study explored the impacts of channel-average velocity (U0), vegetation density (a), and relative flow depth (hg/H, where hg is the height of the free flow region below the floating canopy and H is the entire flow depth) on the longitudinal distributions of near-bed turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and sediment deposition in a channel with a floating vegetation canopy. Below a floating canopy, sediment deposition was correlated with the near-bed TKE. For the low-density and low-velocity cases, sediment deposition was spatially uniform across the entire channel because the near-bed TKE was lower than the critical value for sediment resuspension. As the vegetation density and channel-average velocity increased, the near-bed TKE increased and surpassed the critical TKE, which caused resuspension and reduced deposition below the canopy relative to the upstream reference. For the same vegetation density and channel-average velocity, a lower relative flow depth (hg/H) produced a higher below-canopy depth-averaged velocity and near-bed TKE, resulting in less deposition below the canopy. A model was proposed for predicting the longitudinal evolution of near-bed TKE based on the predicted flow velocity below the canopy throughout the channel. The longitudinal evolution of deposition below a floating canopy was predicted by combining the predicted near-bed TKE with the deposition probability. The predicted near-bed TKE and deposition matched laboratory measurements. Finally, the proposed model can be used to predict the longitudinal profile of deposition below a real Eichhornia crassipes canopy.

Genome of the most noxious weed water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) provides insights into plant invasiveness and its translational potential

The invasive character of Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) is a major threat to global biodiversity and ecosystems. To investigate the genomic basis of invasiveness, we performed the genome and transcriptome sequencing of E.crassipes and reported the genome of 1.11 Gbp size with 63,299 coding genes and N50 of 1.98 Mb. We confirmed a recent whole genome duplication event in E.crassipes that resulted in high intraspecific collinearity and significant expansion in gene families. Further, the orthologs gene clustering analysis and comparative evolutionary analysis with 14 other aquatic invasive and non-invasive angiosperm species revealed adaptive evolution in genes associated with plant-pathogen interaction, hormone signaling, abiotic stress tolerance, heavy metals sequestration, photosynthesis, and cell wall biosynthesis with highly expanded gene families, which contributes toward invasive characteristics of the water hyacinth. However, these characteristics also make water hyacinth an excellent candidate for biofuel production, phytoremediation, and other translational applications.

Phytoremediation of Cr(VI)-rich wastewater using Water Hyacinth, Water Lettuce and Duckweed

Chromium(VI) contamination is carcinogenic and largely anthropogenic, stemming from specific industries. With Bangladesh experiencing rapid industrialization, the increasing number of industries necessitates an economic and sustainable secondary treatment process to maintain acceptable chromium levels. Phytoremediation, an environmentally friendly biochemical technique, has been extensively researched, particularly in the context of constructed wetlands. However, due to land scarcity and legal issues a constructed wetland is not the most viable option. In this study, three native aquatic plants—Eichhornia crassipes (Water Hyacinth), Pistia stratiotes (Water Lettuce), and Lemna minor (Duckweed)—were chosen to evaluate their effectiveness in removing chromium from wastewater. These plants underwent testing with five different chromium concentrations (1 mg/L, 2 mg/L, 3 mg/L, 4 mg/L, 5 mg/L) and two pH values (6 and 8) using natural ditch water as the feed solution. All the experiments were performed for 7 days in duplicate, along with a control experiment of chromium without plants. The study was conducted at Shahjalal University of Science and Technology campus, Bangladesh, from May 25 to June 1, 2023. Atomic Absorption Spectrometer was employed to measure Cr(VI) concentration, revealing average chromium removal rates of 29.4%, 81.1%, and 81.5% for Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes, and Lemna minor, respectively, after seven days. Notably, on day three, Lemna minor exhibited the highest average removal efficiency at 84.7%.

BIODIVERSITY OF CELLULOLYTIC BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM FERMETODEGE FOR RUMINANTS

ARTICLE HIGLIGHTS- Fermetodege as a source of cellulolytic bacteria that degrade cellulosic materials.- Enhances ruminant feed by improving palatability and digestibility.- Utilizes water hyacinth, reducing invasive plant spread and supporting ecosystems.- Bioprospecting reveals new bacteria for effective fermentation starter development.ABSTRACTFermetodege is a name of fermented ruminant feed produced from free heavy metals water hyacinth, rice bran, and corn cobs. Its quality, as well as the fermentation process, are affected by numerous factors, such as the diversity, evenness, and dominance of indigenous cellulolytic bacterial species. A proper understanding of these influential factors is needed to improve the quality of the fermented feed. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the diversity, evenness, and dominance of cellulolytic bacteria isolated from fermetodege. The cellulolytic activity of the isolates was tested by observing their growth on the carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) media. Isolates with cellulolytic activity formed a clear zone after the colonies were soaked with 0.1% Congo red and rinsed with 1 M NaCl. The Shannon-Weiner's diversity and evenness indexes, as well as Simpson's species dominance, were then calculated. The result showed that the Shannon-Weiner’s diversity index ranged from 0.6849 to 1.8173, and it was categorized as medium. The evenness index was between 0.7778 and 0.9983, which indicates a stable distribution of species. Meanwhile, the Simpson’s species dominance ranged from 0.1835 to 0.5082, which implies that none of the species was dominant. These results show that fermetodege is potentially a source of bacterial isolates and can be used as a fermentation consortium starter.

Biomass of Eichhornia crassipes as an Alternative Substrate for the Formation of Lettuce Seedlings

The production of lettuce has increased significantly due to the use of hydroponic systems that rely on substrates. Disposal and acquisition costs present problems, necessitating the identification of sustainable alternatives. The present study aimed to evaluate the use of Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) dry matter in a substrate for the formation of lettuce seedlings. Water plants were collected to obtain their dry matter, and twelve mixtures were formed with Sphagnum and perlite. Mixtures with more water hyacinth dry matter exhibited greater water retention. However, these mixtures also lost water at a faster rate than those containing primarily Sphagnum dry matter did. Higher percentages of germination were detected in the mixtures with water hyacinth dry matter, but these seedlings also presented higher concentrations of proline, such as 16.0 µg mL−1. The mixtures with water hyacinth dry matter presented the highest ion concentrations, mainly at high levels of humidity. Mixtures with a high proportion of water hyacinth dry matter had a greater water retention capacity and a high percentage of lettuce seed that germinated. The mixtures with a higher proportion of Sphagnum led to greater root length, greater concentrations of chlorophyll in cotyledonary leaves, and better morphological development of the seedlings.

Utilizing sludge from catfish farming to produce vermicompost for improving soil quality

Abstract Earthworm organic waste is processed into vermicompost, which is of varying quality depending on the substrate. In vermicomposting, earthworms can promote nitrogen mineralization and effect nitrification. A challenging-to-absorb nutrient will be converted into a nutrient that plants can easily absorb to improve nutrients in soil and increase crop production. In this study, an experimental model of organic fertilizer production from catfish pond bottom sludge was implemented. Sludge from the bottom of catfish ponds is composted with water hyacinth in aquatic ponds to produce organic fertilizer, mature fertilizer is used as a substrate for vermicomposting. The impact of vermicompost on plant growth parameters was evaluated through its use to improve nutrients in soil. Sludge, compost, vermicompost, and soil quality were also evaluated for their physical and chemical properties. Results show that the growth coefficient of earthworms is 129.3±1.15% per 30 days, and the average amount of organic fertilizer created is 126±3.51 kg per 30 days. The quality parameters of vermicompost all meet national standards for organic fertilizer quality. The moisture and total organic matter content in mature fertilizer are 31% and 21.9%, respectively. The content of nutrients N and P increased compared to input materials, the corresponding values reached 2.84% and 0.96%. The C/N ratio is 7.7, microbiological and heavy metal indicators are within the accepted limits. In the experiment using vermicompost to cultivate Brassica rapa chinensis, the yield growth rate was the highest. After 21 days of planting, the growth rate is fast and the height reaches 25.0±0.38 cm. The biochemical composition ensures safety according to food regulations for leafy vegetables. Vermicomposting is recommended as a sustainable and suitable technique for catfish pond sludge utilizing.

The Use of Water Hyacinth Leaves Supplementation in Ruminant Feed on Methane, Protozoa, VFAs and Fatty Acids Ruminal Fluid in Vitro

This study aims to determine the effect of water hyacinth leaves supplementation in ruminant feed parameters of fermentation, and fatty acids ruminal fluid in vitro. The experiment consists of six treatments, R0: no water hyacinth + 30% concentrate; R1: 1% water hyacinth leaves + 29% concentrate; R2: 2% water hyacinth leaves + 28%; R3: 3% water hyacinth leaves + 27% water hyacinth leaves; R4: 4% water hyacinth leaves + 26% concentrate; R5: 5% water hyacinth leaves + 25% concentrate. The fermentation was conducted at 39oC for 72 hours using gas production technique. The results indicated that giving of 4% water hyacinth leaves and 26% concentrate of MCFA could reduce the number of protozoa and methane production (P<0.05) and increase propionate acid. It can be concluded that use of 4% water hyacinth leaves and 26% concentrate could reduce methane gas production and quantity of protozoa and also could increase propionate acid in rumen fermentation in vitro.

The impact of water hyacinth biochar on maize growth and soil properties: The influence of pyrolysis temperature

AbstractIntroductionOptions for managing water hyacinths (WHs) include converting the biomass into biochar for soil amendment. However, less has been known about the impact of WH‐based biochar developed in varying pyrolysis temperatures on plant growth and soil qualities.Materials and MethodsA pot experiment was undertaken in a factorial combination of WH biochars (WHBs) developed at three temperatures (350°C, 550°C and 750°C) and two application rates (5 and 20 t ha−1), plus a control without biochar. Maize was grown as a test crop for 2 months under natural conditions.ResultsOur study showed that applying WHB developed between 350°C and 750°C at 20 t ha−1 increased maize shoot and root dry biomass by 47.7% to 17.6% and 78.4% to 54.1%, respectively. Nevertheless, raising the biochar pyrolysis temperature decreased maize growth, whereas increasing the application rate displayed a positive effect. The application of WHB generated at 350°C and 550°C at 20 t ha−1 resulted in significant improvements in soil total nitrogen (17.9% to 25%), cation exchange capacity (27.3% to 20.2%), and ammonium‐nitrogen (60.7% to 59.6%), respectively, over the control. Additionally, applying WHB produced from 350°C to 750°C at 20 t ha−1 enhanced soil carbon by 38.5%–56.3%, compared to the control. Conversely, applying biochar produced at 750°C resulted in higher soil pH (6.3 ± 0.103), electrical conductivity (0.23 ± 0.01 dS m−1) and available phosphorus (21.8 ± 2.53 mg kg−1).ConclusionWHBs developed at temperatures of 350°C and 550°C with an application rate of 20 t ha−1 were found to be optimal for growing maize and improving soil characteristics. Our study concludes that pyrolysis temperature significantly governs the effectiveness of biochar produced from a specific biomass source.

Caracterización de lenteja y jacinto de agua, efecto en la digestibilidad aparente en la tilapia

Objective. To evaluate the nutritional composition of duckweed (DW) (Lemna minor) and water hyacinth (WH) (Eichhornia crassipes) and its effect on the apparent digestibility of dry matter (%, ADDM), apparent digestibility of crude protein (%, ADCP) and the apparent digestibility of the crude lipid (%, ADCL) in the nutrition of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Material and methods. The DW and WH were used to formulate nine isoproteic (32.47%), isolipidic (5.46%) and isoenergetic (16.45 MJ kg-1) diets, with three replicates and 15 male tilapia (36.36± 1.16 g) per repetition: 0% (T0); 10% (T10); 15% (T15); 20% (T20) and 25% (T25), respectively random. A principal component analysis (PCA) was applied. Results. The crude protein (%) of the WH and the DW, were 21.72% and 27.37% (p˂0.05), respectively. Fish fed with WH and DW, up to 10 and 15% inclusion in the diet, respectively, did not show significant differences (p>0.05) for ADDM. However, for ADCP and ADCL, up to 15 and 20%, respectively, significant differences (p>0.05) were not observed. Conclusions. Water hyacinth and duckweed meals were an alternative vegetable protein source, which can partially replace soybean meal and cornmeal in tilapia diets. The PCA suggests that the control diet, 10% WH, 10-15% DW, showed the best results in terms of the apparent digestibility of the nutrients.

From invasive species to bio-based composites: Utilizing water hyacinth for sound absorption and insulation

This study evaluates the acoustic properties of water hyacinth fiber composites, a notorious invasive species, focusing on their effectiveness as sound absorbers and insulators. By converting this abundant weed into bio-based materials, the research presents a promising eco-friendly alternative for acoustic applications. By examining a range of densities from 118 to 282 kg/m³, the study identifies how density impacts the Sound Absorption Coefficient (SAC) and Transmission Loss (TL). Notably, the sample with a density of 118 kg/m³ exhibited the highest Sound Absorption Average (SAA) at 0.63, while the densest sample at 282 kg/m³ achieved the highest Transmission Loss Average (TLA) at 32.5 dB, illustrating a direct correlation between increased density and enhanced TL, alongside a decrease in SAC. Statistical models obtained from the analysis of variance (ANOVA), semi-phenomenological model (Johnson-Champoux-Allard (JCA) model), and empirical model (based on the Delany-Bazley model) have been developed to predict the sound absorption and sound insulation performance of water hyacinth. These models demonstrate average errors of 0.0300, 0.0346, and 0.0377, respectively, significantly outperforming established models like the Delany-Bazley and Garai-Pompoli models in predicting the sound absorption average of water hyacinth bio-based composites. These models can be used to predict the acoustic properties of the composites, assisting in tailoring the composites to match specific applications. This approach leverages the natural abundance of water hyacinth to develop environmentally friendly acoustic materials, offering a sustainable solution to invasive species management and material development.

Cellulose Impact on Bioplastic Performance: A Study on Mechanical Strength, Physical Properties, and Degradation of Water Hyacinth and Kepok Banana Peel-derived Materials

Cellulose Impact on Bioplastic Performance: A Study on Mechanical Strength, Physical Properties, and Degradation of Water Hyacinth and Kepok Banana Peel-derived Materials

Coconut Shells, Water Hyacinth and Rice Husks are Very Effective in Improving the Quality of Physical and Chemical Standards of Dug Well Water in Flood Areas

Introduction: Ensuring access to clean and safe drinking water is crucial, especially in flood-prone regions where the water quality in dug wells can deteriorate due to various physicochemical factors. This research was aimed to measure the effectiveness of natural materials in improving water quality based on physicochemical parameters and to compare water quality before and after treatment in Astambul Subdistrict of Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan Province. Methods: The study involved a survey of 192 private boreholes and dug wells across five villages in the Astambul Subdistrict, with 30 samples selected for detailed analysis. Key physicochemical parameters analyzed included total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, and total suspended solids (TSS). TDS, with a standard limit of 50 mg/L, served as a primary water quality indicator. DO, essential for gauging water oxygenation, and was measured as it results from photosynthesis and atmospheric absorption. Turbidity was assessed using a turbidimeter to determine water clarity, and a UV-vis Spectrophotometer 2008 was utilized to measure levels of iron (Fe) and mangasene (Mn). Results and Discussion: The findings demonstrated that coconut shells, husks, and water hyacinths improved water quality across physical and chemical parameters. Statistical analysis using t-tests showed improvements in these parameters after treatment. For example, DO levels increased in multiple villages, with the highest percentage in Kaliukan Village (59.2%) and decreases in turbidity and TSS. Conclusion: The study concluded that coconut shells, husks, and water hyacinths have potential to enhance physicochemical quality of water.

Co-Benefits of Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) as Sustainable Biomass for Biofuel Production and Aquatic Ecosystem Phytoremediation

Co-Benefits of Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) as Sustainable Biomass for Biofuel Production and Aquatic Ecosystem Phytoremediation

Water Hyacinth Leaves Are an Efficient, Green, and Cost-Effective Biosorbent for the Removal of Metanil Yellow from Aqueous Solution: Kinetics, Isotherm, and Thermodynamic Studies.

Excessive water hyacinth growth in aquatic environments and metanil yellow (MY) dye in industrial wastewater pose severe environmental and public health challenges. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of various process factors on batch MY biosorption onto water hyacinth leaves (LECs) and MY biosorption kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamics. The optimal pH for MY biosorption by LECs was 1.5-2.0. The initial MY concentration affected the equilibrium MY biosorption capacity but not the LEC particle size and solution temperature. However, the LEC particle size and solution temperature affected the MY biosorption rate; the biosorption rate was higher at a lower particle size (0.15-0.3 mm) and a higher temperature (62 °C) than at higher particle sizes and lower temperatures. The pseudo-second-order model adequately described the biosorption kinetics of MY by LECs at the different levels of the process factors, whereas the Sips and Redlich-Peterson models satisfactorily represented the biosorption isotherm of MY. The Sips model predicted a maximum MY biosorption capacity of 170.8 mg g-1. The biosorption of MY by LECs was endothermic and not spontaneous. These findings demonstrate that LECs exhibit great potential for bioremediating MY-contaminated wastewater, thereby providing valuable insights for effective water treatment and pollution control strategies.

Environmental Communication of the Kapuas River Clean Action by the Pontianak Young Generation

This article aims to increase the perception, experience, and communication of the young generation of Pontianak City in maintaining the cleanliness of the Kapuas River. The most considerable pollution of the river comes from household waste. River hygiene socialization often involves the people of riverside areas, as if they are the ones responsible for river cleanliness. The river cleanup action so far is also considered just ceremonial. This P.K.M. (community service) focuses on two activities: the digital campaign and the collective movement #AksiBersihSungaiKapuas. The digital campaign is carried out ten days ahead of World Environment Day. It contains education and recordings of the actual actions of Pontianak’s Young Generation. 134 digital campaigns are using the hashtag #AksiNyataBersihSungaiKapuas. Meanwhile, the Collective Movement is held on World Environment Day every June 5. A total of 2 tons of garbage was collected in the Kapuas River clean-up action. Plastic waste, water hyacinth, and household waste are the most common. The young generation of Pontianak City is not only a spectator but a subject in education and disseminating the habit of maintaining the cleanliness of the Kapuas River environment.

Mitigation of ammonia volatilization from organic and inorganic nitrogen sources applied to soil using water hyacinth biochars

The recent global population explosion has increased people’s food demand. To meet this demand, huge amounts of nitrogen (N) fertilizer have been applied in the worldwide. However, ammonia (NH3) volatilization is one of the primary factors of N loss from soil after N application causing decrease crop N utilization efficiency and productivity. Incubation experiments were conducted on an acidic clayey soil with two different N sources (urea and anaerobic digestion effluent; ADE), two differently-produced biochars, and three biochar application rates (0%, 0.25%, and 1.0% w/w). Ammonia volatilization was lower from urea (14.0–23.5 mg N kg−1) and ADE (11.3–21.0 mg N kg−1) with biochar application than those without biochar (40.1 and 26.2 mg N kg−1 from urea and ADE alone, respectively). Biochar application significantly mitigated volatilization and reduction percentages for urea and ADE were 40%–64% and 18%–55%, respectively. 1.0% biochar application mitigated volatilization significantly compared to 0.25% application regardless of N source and biochar types. Possible mechanism for volatilization mitigation for urea and ADE were increased N immobilization by soil microorganisms and accelerated net nitrification rate due to increased soil nitrifying bacteria, respectively. Overall, our results clarified different mechanisms for N volatilization mitigation from different (inorganic vs. organic) N sources with biochar application.

Evaluation and Kinetics of Tofu Wastewater Bioreactor with Addition of Water Hyacinth

Evaluation and Kinetics of Tofu Wastewater Bioreactor with Addition of Water Hyacinth

Design, characterization and implementation of cost-effective sodium alginate/water hyacinth microspheres for remediation of lead and cadmium from wastewater

The aquatic plant water hyacinth was dried then cross-linked with sodium alginate to produce ionic cross-linked microspheres. The mechanism of controlling cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in wastewater was tested by DFT at B3LYP level using LANL2DZ basis set. Modeling results indicated that the hydrated metals could interact with sodium alginate (SA)/water hyacinth (WH) microspheres through hydrogen bonding. Adsorption energies showed comparable results while total dipole moment and HOMO/LUMO band gap energy showed slight selectivity towards the remediation of Pb. FTIR spectra of cross-linked microspheres indicated that WH is forming a composite with SA to change its structure into a microsphere to remove Cd and Pb from water. Raman mapping revealed that the active sites along the surface of the microspheres enable for possible adsorption of metals through its surface. This finding is supported by molecular electrostatic potential and optical confocal microscopy. Atomic absorption spectroscopy results confirmed that the microspheres are more selective for Pb than Cd. It could be concluded that WH cross-linked with SA showed the potential to remove heavy metals through its unique active surface as confirmed by both molecular modeling and experimental findings.

Characterization of Uncoated and Coated Fungal Mycelium-Based Composites from Water Hyacinth

Characterization of Uncoated and Coated Fungal Mycelium-Based Composites from Water Hyacinth