Water Hyacinth Leaf Research Articles

Inhibition Activity of Water Hyacinth Leaf Extract (Eichornia Crassipes) to the Growth of Subgingival Plaque Bacteria Colony

Background: Periodontitis is an infectious disease in periodontal tissue and is able to cause a plaque thatcontains bacteria on the teeth. These bacteria colonize the oral cavity, invade the periodontal tissue, andattack the body’s host system. Indonesia has many floras and one of them is called Water hyacinth. This florais commonly known as waste because its abbility to pollute the environment. However, water hyacinth hasa useful material including alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins that can be used as the antibacterial agents.The study aims to determine the effect water hyancinth leaf extract (echiorniacrassipes) to the growth ofsubgingival plaque bacteria colony. Method: The study was conducted by using serial dilution techniquesin the BHIB media with 100%; 50%; 25%; 12,5%; 6,25%; 3,125%; 1,56%; 0,78% concentrations andplanting on MHA medium. The analysis method in this study uses the Shapiro-Wilk Test, Levene’s Test, andstatistical tests with One-Way Anova.Results: There are significant differences at the growth of sub gingival plaque bacteria. There is no growthof subgingival plaque bacteriain groups of 100%; 50%; 25%; 12.5% and 6.25%. The growth of subgingivalplaque bacteria colonies was only seen at 3.125% concentration and increased the number of bacteriacolonies at a 1.56%.Conclusion: Water hyacinth leaf extract was effective to inhibit the growth of sub gingival plaque bacteriacolonies

Influence of Eco-Friendly Management Modules for Suppression of Meloidogyne incognita infecting Cucumber in Polyhouse

Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) is a major threat for polyhouse growers and cause great losses under protected cultivation. To reduce the use of pesticides in poly-houses and to promote the crop production, an eco-friendly management trail was conducted with different combinations of physical method (hot water treatment), organic amendments (tea waste, tobacco churi, poultry manure, water hyacinth leaf powder, lantana leaf powder and neem cake) and bio-agents (Paecilomyces lilacinus and Trichoderma harzianum). The treatment combinations were used as soil application before sowing against Meloidogyne incognita infecting cucumber in poly-house. All the combined treatments significantly reduced nematode reproduction and enhanced plant growth parameters as compared to untreated check. Maximum yield was obtained with combination of Hot water + Tobacco churi + Paecilomyces lilacinus (3.865 kg/plant) followed by Hot water + Tea waste + Paecilomyces lilacinus (3.690 kg/plant) and Hot water + Tobacco churi + Trichoderma harzianum (3.491 kg/plant) as compared to untreated check (0.983 kg/plant).

Effects of water hyacinth leaf meal feed on growth and body composition of African catfish, Heterobranchus longifilis, (Valenciennes, 1840)

Effects of water hyacinth leaf meal feed on growth and body composition of African catfish, Heterobranchus longifilis, (Valenciennes, 1840)

Pengaruh Komposisi Elektrolit pada Proses Penyisihan Nikel dari Tiruan Air Limbah Elektroplating Menggunakan Sel Elektrodeposisi Dua Ruang

Research of removal of soluble nickel from artificial electroplating wastewater has been investigated. The research aim to know optimum electrolit composition in nickel electrodeposition process. This study was conducted within a batch system using double chamber electrodeposition cell separated by water hyacinth leaf. Electrodeposition cell was equipped with a copper plate as cathode, graphite plate as anode, H2SO4 anolyte, NiSO4 catholyte with Na2SO4 added as supporting electrolyte. Electrodeposition performed at 5V direct current voltage for 4 hours each running and varied the concentration of H2SO4 anolyte (0,2 M; 0,6 M and 1 M), pHinitial catholyte (2; 4 and 6) and Na2SO4 (catholyte) supporting electrolyte (0 M; 0,2 M; 0,6 M and 1 M). The statistic analysis results showed that the concentration of 0.2 M H2SO4, pHinitial catholyte of 6 and 0.2 M Na2SO4 with an optimum concentration of nickel concentration values decrease of 18,433 % and nickel deposition on the cathode of 0.042 grams.

Economic evaluation of fermented water hyacinth leaf meal supplemented diet in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Economic evaluation of fermented water hyacinth leaf meal supplemented diet in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

PENGGUNAAN TEPUNG DAUN ECENG GONDOK (Eichornia crassipes) PADA RANSUM KOMERSIL TERHADAP PENAMPILAN JANGKRIK (Gryllidae)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mixing commercial ration with water hyacinth leaf meal on the performance of crickets. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and four replications ie without giving hyacinth leaf powder and water hyacinth leaf powder administration of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The data were analyzed using Homogenetas Test (Bartlett), F test (analysis of variance) and the region continued Duncan's Multiple Test (DMRT). The results showed that the mixing of water hyacinth leaf meal in the ration significantly affect weight gain and final body weight crickets but no significant effect on feed intake, feed conversion, body length and mortality crickets.

Microbial Inhibition to Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes [Martius] Solms-Laubach) in Abu Zirk Marsh by Using Selected Fungi

Native fungi associated with water hyacinth have been identified and evaluated the potential of biological control against waterhyacinth in Abu zirk marsh (south of Iraq). Twelve species of fungi associated with different parts of the waterhyacinth (leaf, petiole) were isolated under sterile conditions in the laboratory. These fungi belong to genera Ascomycota (Alternaria alternate, Stemphyllium sp, Aspergillus niger, A.flavus, A.ostianus, A.candidus, A.fumigatus, Penicillumfumiculosum. Trichodermharzianum, T. lignorum, Basidiomycota (Rhizoctonia solani) Zygomycota(Rhizopus stolinifer) environmental parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, pwere measured in field and in laboratory, the total occurrence of fungi reached to (146 colony )A. alternata and R.solani was more frequency R.solani showed the severity of disease 91.8%, and ability to change in the wet weight, number of leaves and the height of plant. Thus, evaluated R. solani more effective and severe plant death. And can be developed as an effective biological control.

Enhancing cadmium bioremediation by a complex of water-hyacinth derived pellets immobilized with Chlorella sp.

A complex of water-hyacinth derived pellets immobilized with Chlorella sp. was applied, for the first time, in the bioremediation of Cadmium (Cd). The Cd(II) removal efficiency of the complex was optimized by investigating several parameters, including the pellet materials, algal culture age, and light intensity. Results showed that the Cd(II) removal efficiency was positively related to the algal immobilization efficiency and the algal bioaccumulation capacity. Since higher surface hydrophilicity leads to higher immobilization efficiency, the water-hyacinth leaf biochar pellet (WLBp) was selected as the optimal carrier. A maximum Cd(II) removal efficiency of 92.45% was obtained by the complex of WLBp immobilized with algal cells in stationary growth phase and illuminated with a light intensity of 119 μmol m−2 s−1. Recovery tests on both microalgal cells and the WLBp demonstrated that the algal cells and the biochar pellet can be economically recycled and reused.

Effects of substituting concentrate mix with water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) leaves on feed intake, digestibility and growth performance of Washera sheep fed rice straw-based diet.

The objective of this experiment was to determine effects of substituting concentrate mixture (CM) with water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) leaves (WHL) at different inclusion levels of feed and nutrient intake, digestibility, and growth performance of Washera sheep. Twenty yearlings intact male sheep with initial body weight of 24.1 ± 1.68kg (mean ± SD) were used in both 90days of feeding and 7days of digestibility trials. The experimental animals were arranged into four blocks of five animals based on their initial body weight. The dietary treatments used in the experiment were 100% concentrate mix (0WHL-T1), 50% WHL and 50% CM (50WHL-T2), 75% WHL and 25% concentrate mix (75WHL-T3), and 100% WHL (100WHL-T4). Rice straw was given ad libitum. The crude protein (CP) content of water hyacinth leaf is 14.4%. Dry matter digestibility was greater (p < 0.001) for 0WHL and 50WHL followed by 75WHL. The average daily weight gain was higher for 100% concentrate mix followed by 50 and 75% water hyacinth leave supplemented sheep. Therefore, wilted water hyacinth leave can safely substitute concentrate mix up to 75% and result in the optimum growth of Washera sheep from the feeding regime employed in this study.

Isolation, purification and identification of two antioxidant peptides from water hyacinth leaf protein hydrolysates (WHLPH)

In order to find novel natural antioxidant peptides, the water hyacinth leaf protein was hydrolyzed by Protamex at optimum condition to prepared water hyacinth leaf protein hydrolysate (WHLPH). And antioxidant properties of WHLPH were evaluated dependent on several in vitro antioxidant systems, including superoxide anion radical-scavenging activity, ABTS cation radical-scavenging activity, reducing power, and metal chelating capacity. WHLPH showed 86.37% of superoxide anion radical-scavenging activity at 1.0 mg/mL, and 56.51% of ABTS cation radical-scavenging activity at 100 μg/mL. At 1.0 mg/mL, the reducing power of WHLPH was 0.92, and the metal chelating capacity was 68.54%. Subsequently, the WHLPH was subjected to consecutive isolation and purification by macroporous resin, gel filtration chromatography, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and two peptide fractions with higher radical-scavenging activity were acquired. Finally, the two peptide fractions were identified to be Phe-Phe-Glu and Leu-Phe, respectively, by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Considering the two peptides’ amino acid composition, their antioxidant properties may be due to the hydrophobic and/or aromatic acid residues in their sequences. The results indicated that the isolated antioxidant peptides from WHLPH would find widespread application in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industry because of their high potency, safety, low cost and abundant source.

Assessment of nutritional quality of water hyacinth leaf protein concentrate

This study was embarked upon to convert water hyacinth, an environmental nuisance, to a natural resource for economic development. Water hyacinth leaf protein concentrate (WHLPC) was extracted in edible form and determination of its physicochemical characteristics, total alkaloids and phenolic compounds was done. Analysis of proximate composition and amino acid profile of the WHLPC was also done. The level of heavy metals (mg/kg) in WHLPC was found to be Cd (0.02±0.001), Cr (0.13±0.001), Pd (0.003±0.001) and Hg (0.02±0.001) while concentrations of Pb, Pt, Sn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni and Co were found to be 0.001±0.00. Level of all heavy metals was found to be within safe limit. Proximate analysis revealed that protein in WHLPC accounted for 50% of its nutrients, carbohydrate accounted for 33% of its nutrients while fat, ash and fibre made up the remaining nutrients. Amino acid analysis showed that WHLPC contained 17 out of 20 common amino acids, particularly, Phe (3.67%), Leu (5.01%). Level of total alkaloids and phenolic compounds was 16.6mg/kg and 6.0mg/kg respectively. Evidence from this study suggests that WHLPC is a good source of leaf protein concentrate (LPC); it is nutritious and acutely non toxic.

Optimization of Pre-treatment Conditions of Water Hyacinth Leaf, Stem and Root for Bioethanol Production

Optimization of Pre-treatment Conditions of Water Hyacinth Leaf, Stem and Root for Bioethanol Production

BOTANICALS- AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF MAIZE CYST NEMATODE, HETERODERA ZEAE ON MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.)

Maize cyst nematode, Heterodera zeae (Koshy et al.) has been reported to cause significant losses in Rajasthan due to monocropping of maize, favorable soil and environmental conditions and ignorance of management practices. In present investigation, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of neem (Azadirachta indica), aak (Calotropis procera) and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) leaf powder for the management of maize cyst nematode, H. zeae on maize variety PEHM-2. Plant leaf powders were applied at 1, 2 and 4 g/plant as soil amendment at the time of sowing. A treated chemical check (Phorate 2 kg/ha) and untreated check were also maintained for interpretation of experimental results. Results indicated maximum increase in shoot length, root length, shoot weight and root weight which were observed when neem leaf powders were applied at 4 g/plant followed by aak and water hyacinth leaf powders at 4 g/plant. Significant reduction in nematode population viz., cyst/plant, cyst/100 cc soil, eggs and larvae/cyst and larvae/100 cc soil was also observed with neem leaf powders at 4 g/plant over control.

Effects of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)leaf protein concentrate as soybean protein replacement in white shrimpLitopenaeus vannamei(Boone) postlarvae diet

The potential of water hyacinth leaf protein concentrate (WHLPC) as an alternative protein source to soybean meal in formulated diets for the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) postlarvae, was assessed. Isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated containing 40% protein and 8% lipid. WHLPC replaced 0%, 25%, 50% and 75% of soybean meal protein in the formulated diets. Twenty postlarval Litopenaeus vannamei weighing 5.0 ± 0.00032 mg were randomly assigned to twelve 30-L aquarium tanks and were fed experimental diets for 70 days. Results show that the overall biological performance of shrimp in terms of specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), feed efficiency (FE) and survival in treatment receiving the 25% WHLPC replacement is comparable to that of the control diet. Replacement levels beyond 25% exhibited significant depression in terms of growth performance of the shrimp. Collectively, these findings indicate that WHLPC can replace 25% of soybean meal protein in the formulated diets of L. vannamei.

Effect of Electrodeposition Reactor Type on Nickel Recovery from Electroplating Wastewater

Nickel recovery from synthetic electroplating wastewater using electrodeposition reactor has been investigated. The experiment was conducted in batch system using two types of electrodeposition reactors, partitioned reactors using water hyacinth leaf and single chamber reactor, a copper plate cathode size, graphite anode and applied DC voltage of 5 V. The goal of this research was to obtain the best reactor type for nickel electrodeposition from NiSO4 solution. Factors analyzed in the study were the change in pH, conductivity, electric current, cathode mass and nickel concentration in the catholyte. The electrodeposition was carried out during 4 hours. The initial concentration of nickel in the catholyte contained 2,402.19 mg/L. The results showed that the partitioned reactor using of water hyacinth leaf performed better than the single chamber reactor. The partitioned reactor using water hyacinth leaf decreased concentration of nickel in catholyte to 1756.19 mg/L and had the current efficiency of 88.17% with the specific energy of 5.2 kwh/kg nickel.

Leucaena leucocephala leachate compromised membrane integrity, respiration and antioxidative defence of water hyacinth leaf tissues.

BackgroundWater hyacinth is an invasive aquatic weed in many regions of the world. In this study, the bioherbicidal potential of allelopathic plant Leucaena leucocephala against water hyacinth was investigated using a leaf disc assay.ResultsL. leucocephala leachate enhanced electrolyte leakage from water hyacinth leaf discs in a concentration-dependent manner. Control experiments eliminated the possibilities that increased membrane permeability in the leachate-treated leaf discs was due to pH or osmotic effects of the leachate. Thus, the loss of membrane stability in the leachate-treated leaf discs was likely due to phytotoxins detected in the leachate, namely mimosine and phenolic constituents. Decline in tissue respiration was detected in leachate-treated water hyacinth leaf discs. This suggests that the L. leucocephala leachate may contain compounds which acted as respiratory inhibitors. Enhanced reactive oxygen species production coincided with inhibition of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities in the leachate-treated water hyacinth leaf tissues. The injurious effects of L. leucocephala leachate on water hyacinth leaf discs probably involved direct inhibition of antioxidant enzymes in addition to direct involvement of some allelochemicals in reactive oxygen species formation.ConclusionIn summary, the toxic effects of L. leucocephala leachate on water hyacinth leaf discs likely lay in its ability to effectively compromise the membrane integrity, tissue respiration and antioxidant defence of the latter.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1999-3110-54-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Utilization of Aquatic Weed for Environmental and Rapid Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles

In the present study, we demonstrated an effective cost and environmentally benign method to synthesize the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aquatic weed namely water hyacinth as a reducing agent. Ultraviolet irradiation was also combined in the process to enhance the reaction rate. The aqueous silver ions mixed with water hyacinth leaf extract under UV irradiation were reduced to AgNPs. The mixture color was changed from light yellow to yellowish-brown color within 5 min due to excitation of surface plasmon vibrations in AgNPs. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrometry, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The AgNPs were found to be polycrystalline in nature and spherical particles with mean diameter of 12.54 ± 0.19 nm. The XRD pattern peaked at different diffraction angles corresponding to the (111), (200), (220), and (311) planes indicated that AgNPs have face-centered cubic (fcc) unit cell structure. This proposed method revealed that unwanted plant can utilize in nano-manufacturing as well.

Ferro Content in Soil and Mustard Leave (Brassica Junjea) Treated by Agricultural Waste on the Biosensitizer-Iron Photoreduction

Atom absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) had been used to analyzed Ferro in the soil and in the green mustardleaf (Brassica junjea) treated with phenolics extract from the agricultural wastes of clove leaf (Eugenia aromatica),rice straw (Oryza sativa) and water hyacinth leaf (Eichhornia crassipessolms), in which the phenolics as the electrondonor on the biosensitizer – iron photoreduction. Phenolics extract was obtained from varions of aquadest and 40;60; 80% methanol. The solution without extract was used as sensitizer, while the extract without illumination wasused as control. Green mustard was packed into medium polybag within it added by 2,000 mg kg-1. Soil type assample was volcanic soil in various categories, such as: soil-extract, soil NPK fertilizer extract, and soil control.Results of Ferro analysis in the clove leafs treated with 80% methanol indicated the highest increasing Fe2+ of 22.94mg kg-1. Rice straw treated with 60% methanol showed the highest increasing Fe2+ of 34.5 mg kg-1. The waterhyacinth leafs treated with 60% methanol obtained the highest increasing Fe2+ of 17.67 mg kg-1. Fe2+ concentrationat soil-clove leafs had the highest increasing of Fe2+ production for 5.6 mg kg-1. Its concentration at soil NPKfertilizer extract water hyacinth leafs showed the highest increasing of Fe2+ production for 13.39 mg kg-1. Highestconcentration of Fe2+ in the green mustard at soil NPK fertilizer extract clove leafs was 176.37 mg kg-1. Variousconcentrations and various soil categories resulted in the highest increasing Fe2+ concentration in each agricultural waste extract.Keywords: Agricultural waste extract; ferro analysis; iron photoreduction; soil category[How to Cite: Rorong JA, Sudiarso, B Prasetya, J Polii-Mandang and E Suryanto. 2012. Ferro Content in Soil and Mustard Leave (Brassica junjea) Treated by Agricultural Waste on the Biosensitizer-Iron Photoreduction. J Trop Soils, 17 (3): 211-218. doi: 10.5400/jts.2012.17.3.211][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2012.17.3.211]

Batch equilibrium analysis for the removal of hexavalent chromium: analysis of uncertainties using numerical modelling

Abstract Adsorbents like water hyacinth leaf, powdered activated carbon (PAC), PAC in combination with polymer beads (added to enhance the porosity) and a combination of PAC with water hyacinth leaves were used to remove hexavalent chromium from wastewater. Equilibrium was achieved after approximately 18 h. The maximum equilibrium sorption capacity (q max), determined from Langmuir isotherm, are: ADRB1: 9.638 mg/g; ADRB2: 31.46 mg/g; ADRB3: 55.926 mg/g; ADRB4: 33.575 mg/g for 1l wastewater solutions. The adsorption capacity of PAC (ADRB3) has been found more than the composite ADRB4 with a combination of WH (2 g) and PAC (1 g). However, ADRB4 could be used for applications where large quantity of wastewater (e.g. leather complexes) containing hexavalent chromium is disposed into a huge water body where plenty of water hyacinths are grown naturally. Simultaneously three isotherms namely Tempkin, Freundlich and Langmuir were parameterized. The parameters were estimated using the Levenburg and Marquardt opti...

Evaluation of acute toxicity potential of water hyacinth leaves

Although higher protein yield per hectare of water hyacinth than that of soy, high protein content of its leaves and good essential amino acid pattern have been proven, its dietary toxicity for human or animal consumption has not yet been evaluated. Therefore, the acute toxicity of water hyacinth leaves has been evaluated by an animal feeding test. The concentrations of common toxic metals including cadmium, lead, platinum, palladium, tin, mercury, barium, silver, stibium and aluminum in the water hyacinth leaf powder (WHLP) used for the animal feeding test were within their maximum limits in food additives as reported by the World Health Organization. The median lethal dose (LD50) of WHLP was more than 16 g kg(-1) body weight. In the study, after feeding for 7 and 28 days, the body weight of all the mice increased. The results of hematological analysis, clinical biochemical analysis, histopathological evaluation, general dissection or investigations of internal organs, appearance and behavior observations did not indicate any adverse effects from the diet containing WHLP. It is therefore concluded that water hyacinth leaves are not acutely toxic.