River Water Flow Research Articles

Application of Hybrid Support Vector Machine model for Streamflow Prediction in Barak valley, India

Forecasting streamflow (Qflow) is vital in flood and water management, determining potential of river water flow, agricultural practices, hydropower generation, and environmental flow study. This research aims to explore capability of hybrid support vector machines (SVM) with Whale Optimisation Algorithm (WOA) model for forecasting streamflow at Badarpur Ghat gauging station of Barak river basin and evaluate its enactment with the conventional SVM model. Root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) statistical measures are considered as evaluating standards. Assessment of outcomes indicates that the optimization algorithm could enhance the accurateness of standalone SVM model in monthly streamflow forecasting. Compared to conventional artificial intelligence methods without a data pre-processing system, the comparatively good performance of applied hybrid model gives an effective alternate to achieve better precision in streamflow forecasting. Results confirm that enhanced SVM model can better process a multifaceted hydrogeological data set, have higher prediction accuracy, and possess better generalisation capability.

Effects of bed geometric characteristics on hyporheic exchange

As an active ecotone between the surface stream and groundwater, hyporheic zone (HZ) plays a crucial role in hydrological and ecological processes. Previous numerical simulation and experimental studies have shown that hyporheic exchange can be affected not only by current but also by geometric characteristics of the streambed. However, the geometric characteristics that affect hyporheic exchange remain unclear. In this study, a one-way sequential coupling method was established to connect the river water flow and pore-water flow in the streambed. The change of flux at the interface, mass flux, depth, and area of hyporheic zone were investigated by altering the bed geometric characteristics, i.e. the depth, crest position, and shapes of bedforms. The results clearly demonstrate the following conclusions: (a) the hyporheic exchange flux, depth and area with wave-like bedform is greater than the triangular bedform. (b) The increase of the bed height accelerates the hyporheic exchange processes at the sediment–water interface. (c) A good linear relationship was found between the depth and area of the hyporheic zone. These results provide necessary theoretical understandings of hyporheic exchange, broadening the knowledge of mechanism of stream-streambed exchange processes.

HF02-03 ANCIENT AKKADIAN SEX- IMPOTENCE RITUALS

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 May 2022HF02-03 ANCIENT AKKADIAN SEX- IMPOTENCE RITUALS Tyler Bunting, and Michael Moran Tyler BuntingTyler Bunting More articles by this author , and Michael MoranMichael Moran More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000002540.03AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The Akkadian dynasty following the first civilizations of Sumer saw the rise of written language on cuneiform clay tablets and is called the “cradle of civilization.” So, it is this source that our first true historical indications about health and disease are recorded. Impotence seems to have been mentioned at the very dawn in human history and is clearly associated with magic and witchcraft. METHODS: Much of the published writings on or about the ŠĂ.ZI.GA were sought as well as the history of medical practice in ancient Akkadia. Performed usually by the āshipu, or medicine man many cures were sought via medicaments and incantations. Cuneiform itself was discovered in the inscriptions of Persepolis from Renaissance visitors but were unreadable for centuries. The translation awaited the investigations of Henry Creeswicke Rawlinson, a British army officer who began the task of decipherment via the Behistun Inscription, though German school teacher Georg Grotefend noted in 1802 recurrent patterns. RESULTS: Shaziga-rituals (rising of the heart) were developed for the purpose of remedying impotence and at least 20 such rituals have been recorded from over 1,080 medical texts recovered. Most combine incantations to gods and wise beings in addition to applications of powerful ointments and/or drinks. CONCLUSIONS: Two ancient incantations for impotence are included: én: Let the wind blow (lillik)! Let the grove move (linūš). Let the clouds gather (lištakṣir)! Let the moisture fall (littuk)! Let my potency be (lū) flowing river water! Let my penis be (lū) a (taut) harp string So that it will not slip out of her! én: O Adad, canal inspector of heaven, son of Anu, Who gives oracular decisions for all people, the protector of land, At your supreme command which cannot be opposed, And your faithful affirmation which cannot be altered, May NN son NN, become stiff (limgug) for NN, daughter of NN, may he come into contact with (limḫaṣ), mount (lirkab), and penetrate (lišērib) (her)! Sexual practice and pathology were being sought at the very opening of historical times in medicine, especially in sexual medicine. Source of Funding: None © 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 207Issue Supplement 5May 2022Page: e206 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Tyler Bunting More articles by this author Michael Moran More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...

An alternative approach to estimate river cross-sections using LIDAR-based digital elevation model

ABSTRACT Topographic LIDAR can be used to estimate elevation values for dry areas down to the river water level during the extraction of river cross-sections (XS). However, LIDAR cannot accurately predict the submerged topography, which causes uncertainty in river XS area estimation. This uncertainty affects the channel water level and flood inundation depth estimation in in situ sparse data. Therefore, an alternative approach is presented to estimate unknown submerged topography (UST) using topographic LIDAR. The one dimension/two dimension Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System (1D/2D HEC-RAS) model is used to simulate the estimated river XS with the help of in situ river water level and flow data which is later validated using in situ data. The results show that the proposed approach accurately estimates water level (error >0.5 m), channel flow areas, and floodplain water depths. Notably, the extent of the estimated floodplain overflow by UST models was in 94% agreement with the real XS.

Spatio-temporal Changes in the Regime of Rivers in the Pripyat River Catchment and Climate Change

In work features of a hydrological regime of catchments of the river of the Pripyat in climate change are considered. Researches of meteorological characteristics of the given territory show the tendency to growth, both temperatures of air, and precipitation, evaporation from a surface of water and ground also show the tendency to increase. That is not unequivocally reflected in change of a course of hydrological characteristics waters objects of territory. On a part of pools of the rivers the mid-annual runoff of water in the rivers in time tends to growth, and Change of levels of subsoil waters decreases for parts - on a turn - here, as a rule, tends a course in time opposite to a mid-annual runoff of water in the rivers. Change of the maximal temperature of water in the rivers in time repeats the tendency of a course of a runoff of water in them, i.e. at increase in a runoff of water in the rivers - the maximal temperature increases, and at reduction - decreases. The increase in temperature of a superficial component of a runoff of the rivers occurs because of the general increase in temperature of air in considered territory. Silt charge waters in all territory decreases, despite of increase in quantity of atmospheric precipitation and increases or reduction of a runoff of water in the rivers. The relationship between the water runoff layer and precipitation and soil moisture has a certain time delay. The average annual water temperature over time shows a tendency to increase at almost all stations, while the change in the maximum water temperature in rivers over time has a multidirectional tendency and to a greater extent depends on the change in water depth in the river, a decrease in high water maximums and frequent thaws, etc. The studies carried out show that the preservation of moisture in thick layers of soil (0 cm-100 cm) contributes to an increase in water flow in rivers and in the modern conditions of Polesie of Ukraine this will solve a number of problems with the provision of high-quality water resources for various industries and the population.

Impact of dam construction on the spawning grounds of the four major Chinese carps in the Three Gorges Reservoir

The construction of dams has tremendously altered the water flow and environmental conditions of natural rivers, severely affecting the habitat and reproduction activities of aquatic organisms. In this study, we constructed a reproduction suitability model for the four major Chinese carps (FMCCs) in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and related this to a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). Stochastic flood modelling was used to simulate a series of river floods before and after construction of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD). The simulated floods were used as the input boundaries of the hydrodynamic model to then simulate complex flow conditions in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River before and after dam construction, so as to simulate the spatial distribution and changes in the spawning grounds of the FMCCs. We found that the reproduction suitability for the FMCCs in the TGR decreased during the post-dam period, and most of the spawning grounds moved to the river reach above Zhongxian. The FMCCs were found to initially have a total of nine spawning grounds, but during the post-dam period there were six spawning grounds likely in the 60-km stretch of Zhutuo–Jiangjin section and in the 255-km stretch of Banan–Zhongxian section. By setting four different water levels in front of the dam (corresponding to no-dam, low-dam, middle-dam, and high-dam scenarios), we examined the effects of dam sizes on the spatial distribution of the FMCCs’ spawning grounds. The results showed that the area of affected spawning grounds positively correlated with the dam’s size, with high-dam scenario (corresponding to the construction of the TGD) being especially impactful through a net loss of spawning grounds extending 101 km upstream from the dam. The results of this study offer scientific guidance for the ecological regulation of the TGR.

The Role of Subaquatic Springs in the Formation of Flow, Temperature and Chemical Composition of River Water in the Reserve

The Role of Subaquatic Springs in the Formation of Flow, Temperature and Chemical Composition of River Water in the Reserve

PROTOTYPE SISTEM PENDETEKSI BANJIR MENGGUNAKAN NODEMCU DAN PROTOKOL MQTT BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS

Flood disasters that often occur around the Pamarayan Dam were caused by heavy rainfall and the flow of river water in the Lebak and Bogor areas, causing the overflow of the water discharge in the dam. In addition to causing property losses, floods can also cause casualties. Therefore we need a flood detection and warning system to avoid casualties and minimize material and psychological losses. The system was built using the Internet of Things and the Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol. This flood detection system is also designed to be able to deliver warnings quickly and with wide coverage. This flood detection system uses ultrasonic sensors, NodeMCU, LED, and buzzer. The ultrasonic sensor is used to measure the water level which data can be read by the NodeMCU as a data transmission medium from the sensor to the MQTT server. With this system, the water level can be monitored via the cayenne and send notifications to telegram. The LED will be green if the water is in Safe status, yellow if the alert status, and red if the danger status is accompanied by a warning alarm.

PERENCANAAN SABO DAM SEBAGAI BANGUNAN PENGENDALI SEDIMEN PADA SUNGAI TALANG KOTA PADANG PANJANG

Sedimentation is the process of forming sedimentary material deposits or fragments of rocks, minerals and organic materials that drift and move in the direction of the flow of river water. There are various ways of holding it, such as being pushed, carried by jumping up and down and some are dissolved. Sedimentation in the Talang River which occurred at 185,764 m³/year resulted in silting, thereby reducing the water holding capacity of the Talang River. The construction of the Sabo Dam is one solution that can be done to control sedimentation in the river. The purpose of this study is to design a sediment control weir that is safe for stability with the largest sediment storage volume. The method used in this research is to compare the hydraulic design of the Sabo building at two specified locations (STA 0+200 and STA 201+400), then stability analysis is carried out based on the forces that occur and the volume of sediment that can be accommodated. Based on the results of stability analysis at two locations, it was found that the STA 201+400 weir was safe against shearing, overturning, bearing capacity and piping. The sediment volume that can be retained is 156,206.85 m³ and Sabo will be full of sediment after 8 months. Meanwhile, at the location of STA 0+200 the sediment that can be retained is 7,913,787 m and will be full after 4 months. The construction of the Sabo Dam at STA 201+400 is expected to reduce sedimentation that occurs in the Talang River.

Basin-Scale Approach to Integration of Agro- and Hydroecological Monitoring for Sustainable Environmental Management: A Case Study of Belgorod Oblast, European Russia

The quantitative and qualitative depletion of water resources (both surface and groundwater) is closely related to the need to protect soils against degradation, rationalization of land use, and regulation of surface water runoff within the watershed area. Belgorod Oblast (27,100 km2), one of the administrative regions of European Russia, was chosen as the study area. It is characterized by a high activity of soil erosion (the share of eroded soils is about 48% of the total area of arable land). The development phase of the River Basin Environmental Management Projects (217 river basins from the fourth to seventh order) allowed for the proceeding of the development of an integrated monitoring system for river systems and river basin systems. The methods used to establish a geoecological network for regional monitoring include the selection and application of GIS techniques to quantify the main indicators of ecological state and predisposition of river basins to soil erosion (the share of cropland and forestland, the share of the south-oriented slopes, soil erodibility, Slope Length and Steepness (LS) factor, erosion index of precipitation, and the river network density) and the method of a hierarchical classification of cluster analysis for the grouping of river basins. An approach considering the typology of river basins is also used to expand the regional network of hydrological gauging stations to rationalize the national hydrological monitoring network. By establishing 16 additional gauging stations on rivers from the fourth to seventh order, this approach allows for an increase in the area of hydro-agroecological monitoring by 1.26 times (i.e., up to 77.5% of the total area of Belgorod Oblast). Some integrated indicators of agroecological (on the watershed surface) and hydroecological (in river water flow) monitoring are proposed to improve basin environmental management projects. Six-year monitoring showed the effectiveness of water quality control measures on an example of a decrease in the concentrations of five major pollutants in river waters.

The Process of Heat Transfer to the Sea Caused by Wastewater from the Central Cooling System of Vinh Tan Thermal Power, Binh Thuan - Vietnam

Every day Vinh Tan thermal power center needs millions of gallons of seawater to cool the machinery system and that volume of seawater will eventually return to the sea. This volume of seawater with a temperature ranging from 32-35 degree celsius pouring into the sea will spread heat to the surrounding environment in a large area, down to the deep layer of the sea. Quantifying the affected space and water temperature, I’m using the ROMS (Regional Ocean Modeling System) model to solve this process. The source of boundary condition data for ROMS is obtained from the databases of NOMADS, COADS, QuikSCAT, TPXO7.1 through OPenDAP data access protocol. Topographic data sources, factory discharge water, river water flow, sea water temperature, discharge water temperature were collected from field measurements. The study area is the coastal sea waters from Hon Dinh headland to Ne headland covered by a network of 80x110 points in the horizontal direction and 5 sigma layers in the vertical direction. The results show that a strip of water with high temperature appears from the outlet of the factory towards the south and parallel to the shoreline. Heat transfer in layers has a similar thing which is very limited to the north because the flow effect from north to south is dominant. A strip of high-temperature water spread to the sea, after 10 days hot water had spread near Ne headland and after 30 days in all three layers, there was a coastal strip of water with a high temperature of over 28°C appearing to spread and stretch. long to the south, in the large surface this strip of water is larger than the middle layer, while the bottom layer is prolonged, but in some places it is interrupted and the hot water area is significantly smaller than the upper layers.

The distribution and ecological risks of antibiotics in surface water in key cities along the lower reaches of the Yellow River: A case study of Kaifeng City, China

A large number of antibiotics have been discharged into rivers by human activities, posing a threat to aquatic ecosystems. The surface water of the Yellow River Basin also suffers antibiotic pollution, which hinders the improvement in the aquatic ecological environment. This study investigated and analyzed the characteristics and assessed the ecological risks of antibiotic pollution in surface water bodies such as canals, rivers and fish ponds in Kaifeng, Henan Province, which is a key city along the lower reaches of the Yellow River. The test results are as follows. A total of 15 types of antibiotics were detected in the surface water. They had a total antibiotic concentration of 12.2–249.9 μg/L, of which tetracyclines (TCs) and quinolones accounted for the highest percentages. Six types of quinolones had detection rates of up to 100%, and doxycycline (DC) and oxytetracycline (OTC) had average concentrations of 29.52 μg/L1 and 13.71 μg/L, respectively. The major canals with water diverted from the Yellow River had total concentrations of quinolones and TCs of 22. 0 μg/L and 14.9 μg/L, respectively, which were higher than those in previous studies. This phenomenon may be related to the decrease in the water flow of the Yellow River during the dry season and the increase in the antibiotic consumption of residents in the context of the Covid-19 outbreak. The upper reaches of the Huiji River in the Xiangfu District had higher antibiotic content than other districts in Kaifeng. Specifically, TCs accounted for 72.38%–91.84% of all antibiotics, and the DC and OTC concentrations were significantly higher than other antibiotics in the upper reaches. As indicated by the ecological risk assessment results, TCs had the highest ecological risks to green algae. Among them, DC had medium-high risks; TC, OTC, and chlortetracycline (CTC) had medium-high risks; trimethoprim (TMP) and lomefloxacin (LOM) had low risks; other TC antibiotics had no risk. Compared with green algae, most antibiotics showed higher ecological risks to daphnia and lower ecological risks to fish. DC and OTC dominate antibiotic pollutants in the surface water in Kaifeng City, and especially in Xiangfu District, where DC and OTC have medium-high risks. The TCs in the major Yellow River showed medium risks to both green algae and daphnia. It can be speculated that the antibiotic pollution in the Yellow River might pose a certain threat to the ecological security of water in Kaifeng City.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office.

KAJIAN PENEMPATAN LOKASI BANGUNAN PENGENDALI SEDIMEN (CHECK DAM) DAS TAPIN

<p>Sediment is material that is carried away and moves in the direction from flow of river water and settle downstream of a watershed. Changes in land use in the upstream watershed have the potential to increase sediment. Then, the increase in population will be proportional to the increasing need for land both for settlement and agriculture so that forest land will be looted and increase sedimentation. To overcome these problems, it is necessary to study the placement of sediment control buildings or check dams. Sedimentation is influenced by the amount of erosion. Erosion and sedimentation analysis were analyzed using Arc SWAT and from the results of the erosion analysis in the Tapin watershed, the average heavy class is less than 180 tons. Changes in sedimentation value from the dam plan to the present are 1.6 mm/yr until 1.8 mm/yr. Analysis used for selection of check dam locations is AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) Expert Choice. From the analysis of the selection of priority check dam locations Sub Watershed 1. The design flood discharge analysis for Q 50 years that uses ITB-2 method is 41.34 m<sup>3</sup>/second. The hydraulic aspect of the check dam in Sub watershed 1 is adjusted to the existing cross section of the river and prevous analysis, the results of analysis of sediment inflow are 6.592,05 m<sup>3</sup>/year and storage capacity is 49.132,00 m<sup>3</sup>, namely the building height is 3.75 meters.</p>

Perancangan Pembangkit Listrik Pikohydro Dengan Tipe Turbin Screw

The screw type water turbine is one type of water turbine that has the potential to generate electricity on a small scale that is environmentally friendly, where this screw type water turbine is very suitable for rivers and irrigation flows in the territory of Indonesia because the use or operation of this turbine only requires low turbine head, looking at the potential for irrigation river water flow with a discharge range of 0.01-0.1 m3/s located in the lowlands in a Karawang district, it is possible to install or apply this screw type water turbine. In this study aims to be able to utilize the source of irrigation flow so that it can be converted into a source of electrical energy that can be utilized by local residents and for lighting on roads that are still poorly lit. In the process of designing a screw type water turbine, mechanical calculations are carried out to determine thedimensions of the turbine blades, turbine shaft, transmission systems such as pulleys and belts, as well as the power that can be generated by the turbine, with a relative head between 0.5 meters, 0.75 meters, and 0.9 meters and determine the correct components. The results of this calculation are obtained in the form of output power from each different head height for head 0.5, the power obtained is 220.89795 watts, for the 0.75 m head, the power is 394.29519 watts, and for the height 0.9, the output power is 356.13926 watts, the results of the design will then be made and will be realized.

Variability of thermohaline regime of see water of the Gulf of Mexico in 2005-2017

The Gulf of Mexico is a large, productive, marine and coastal ecosystem providing the coastal residents and neighbouring regions with goods and services. The Gulf of Mexico's water area plays a significant role in shaping the climate across the coastal zone and the thermal state of the region's water also has a major impact on development of atmospheric processes over the Atlantic and Europe. Long-term climate variability throughout the Gulf of Mexico may affect both the strength of the Gulf Stream and heat transfer patterns within the ocean and the economic activity and environmental stability of the entire Northwest Atlantic Region. This work aims at determining the characteristics of variability of temperature regime and salinity of the Gulf of Mexico over recent decades.
 The study was conducted based on the Gulf of Mexico Regional Climatology (GOM RC) data, version 2, available at the website of the NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). It analyzes the temperature and salinity values at different depths for the period of 2005-2017. According to the analysis, over 2005-2017 the spatial distribution of the average annual water temperature on the Gulf of Mexico's surface demonstrates its decrease from south to north. Its highest value is observed next to the northwestern coast of Cuba and along the coastal area of the Bay of Campeche, and the lowest temperature is observed at Apalachee Bay located in the northeastern part of the Gulf of Mexico. Though significant horizontal temperature gradients are observed in winter, during the warm period the temperature field is more homogeneous. The minimum average monthly water temperature on the surface is observed in January, the maximum one – in September. The most distinct seasonal changes in temperature are observed in the water of the northern part of the Gulf of Mexico next to the United States' coast. The distribution of average annual salinity of the most of the Gulf of Mexico is homogeneous with the exception of its northern part, especially in the area where the Mississippi River water flows into it, where salinity decreases sharply. Graphs of water temperature and salinity distribution at different depths across different areas of the gulf were constructed in order to determine the water stratification.

Acid sulfate soils decrease surface water quality in coastal area of West Malaysia: Quo Vadis?

To satiate the surging world food demand, agricultural activities have been attempted on marginal land such as acid sulfate soils (ASS) which are distinguished by their low pH and presence of oxidized sulfidic material. However, the spatial distribution of chemical characteristics in ASS areas has received little attention; thus, this study was carried out with the goal of investigating an actual ASS area from a geochemical perspective and its effects on the quality of a nearby waterbody. ASS samples were collected from Kampung Sungai Raya, an agricultural area located at the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The study site is mostly covered with silty soil with a pH of 3.6 ± 0.9 throughout the 1-m soil profile. Soil content of aluminum, iron and soluble sulfate were found to be significantly different between the sampling locations (p < 0.05). Iron hydroxysulfate jarosite was identified at most of the sampling points, confirming the presence of oxidative dissolution processes of iron sulfide. The Sungai Raya river that flows in the vicinity of the ASS study area displayed comparable results with respect to low pH as well as soluble sulfate, aluminum, and iron concentrations. There is a possibility of intensification of sulfate and aluminum concentration as the river water flows downstream. Study on this site indicates that sustainable amelioration of the ASS area for growing crops requires an appropriate soil amendment practice. Alternatively, restoration of the land to its natural ecology and practicing silviculture or agroforestry could be a solution for ASS, both at this site and potentially at other active ASS sites all over the world.

The variation of the average water flow from the Căliman Mountains.

The variation of river water runoff is a normal phenomenon, given the close link between runoff and atmospheric precipitation, both components of the water balance. The variation of the flow over a period of time can be calculated using several simple and complex indicators, among which the most important are the absolute and relative deviation, the standard deviation (deviation) and the coefficient of variation. In the Căliman Mountains, no analysis of the variation of river water flow has been made so far, this work being the first of its kind. Following this work, it was observed that the variation of water flow from these rivers in the period 1950-2010 depended strongly on the variation of climatic elements (precipitation and temperatures), but also on the characteristics of river basins, both annually and seasonally.

Expected climate change impacts on surface water bodies in Lithuania

The study evaluated climate change impact on water flows and nutrient loads to surface water bodies in Lithuania by applying the SWAT model. Seven RCM and GCM combinations were selected and RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate change representative concentration pathways were selected for the study. The study concluded that an annual and winter increase in most river water flows are expected. The change will be driven by rising precipitation, mainly in the regions where it is already high. Less snow would result in less surface runoff, substituted by increased lateral and groundwater flows because of more water percolating through the soils. As a result, water flows could be expected to increase by 9.7% for RCP4.5 and by 35.4% for the RCP8.5 climate scenario by the end-century. Whereas sediment transport and phosphorus loads would tend to decline a little bit (median results are -11.4% and -5.6% respectively for the RCP4.5 scenario, -13.3% and -7.4% for the RCP8.5 by the end of century). Conversely, temperature driven nutrient mineralization and increased leaching are expected to cause a significant increase in nitrogen loads (by 23.1% for the RCP4.5 scenario and by 64.4% for the RCP8.5 by the end of century). Overall, it could be concluded that climate change related hydrometeorological and water quality changes were found to be the most profound for the end-century RCP8.5 climate change scenario.

Politicization of science in the Lancang–Mekong Basin: the Eyes on Earth Study

ABSTRACT In April 2020, the Eyes on Earth published a comprehensive research study presenting new evidence about the changing dynamics of the Lancang–Mekong River water flow. The Eyes on Earth Study (EoE Study) received significant media attention and raised concerns about hydrological changes that negatively affect the downstream countries. By drawing on the politicization of science theories and using the Lancang–Mekong Cooperation and Conflict Database, we (1) provide an overview the EoE Study’s findings; (2) outline the scientific and non-scientific responses to the EoE Study’s conclusions; and (3) study various implications of the politicization of the EoE Study.

Visualization of River Water Flow in Hydrodynamically Active Areas under Different Flow Regimes

Visualization of River Water Flow in Hydrodynamically Active Areas under Different Flow Regimes