Water Factory Research Articles

Resolving the conflict between the need for electricity generation upstream and the water supply for economic development downstream in the Ca River Basin, Vietnam

ABSTRACT Vietnam has vigorously developed hydroelectric reservoirs in main river basins with hydroelectricity reserves to produce electricity and exploit and use water resources efficiently and minimally – risks to meet socio-economic development requirements – in the downstream area. The study has shown evidence that the water level's daily mean value of the Ca River is more and more reduced. However, the number of occurrences of the daily minimum flow was more than that of the period when it was not hydropower reservoirs and was affected by climate change. The study calculated and built five scenarios for water use in the downstream areas. These scenarios are calculated based on the water demand for domestic, industry, irrigation, and water sea level. A simulation model for optimal hydropower generation of reservoir system upstream and forced to discharge downstream with five scenarios. This study's results demonstrated that four upstream reservoirs could operate with scenario 3 corresponding HNam Dan = 0.7 m. The results suggested options for the operation of hydroelectric reservoirs and simultaneously developing scenarios for taking water for agricultural irrigation downstream of the Ca River Basin with water level for irrigation drains and domestic water factories. The benefit of electricity in four reservoirs in scenario 3 reached 1,009 billion VND.

Money In The Eyes Of Sufism: Insights From An Indonesian Tariqat

Money has historically been used as a means of oppression, personal gain, and manipulation in politics, law, and justice, often contributing to societal discord. This article examines the concept of money and its societal perceptions through the lens of Prof. Dr. H. Kadirun Yahya, a prominent Indonesian Sufi and Mursyid of the Tariqah Naqshbandiyah, known for his success in managing a wide range of business ventures. Utilizing qualitative research methods, including interviews, observation, and documentation, the study investigates Yahya's numerous business initiatives aimed at fostering prosperity. These initiatives span diverse sectors such as agribusiness, including large-scale plantations (oil palm, apple, orange, and other crops), livestock farming (poultry, fish, ducks, goats, and cows), and enterprises in furniture manufacturing, workshops, drinking water factories, electronics, travel services, and more. The findings highlight Yahya's belief that money serves as a manifestation of divine light, a tool for attaining blessings and life's necessities. While money lacks inherent value, it remains essential for human existence. His view, consistent with other Sufi teachings, likes money to a mirror that reflects various possibilities based on its use. Grounded in Sufi principles that emphasize unity, illumination, and divine manifestation, Yahya argues that money should be employed to combat injustice, dishonesty, and exploitation. Its ultimate purpose is to uphold morality, promote social justice, equitable wealth distribution, and meet basic human needs. This research underscores the importance of further studies on integrating Sufi values into business management.

Restoration of treated domestic wastewater quality at a bottled water factory in North Sumatra, Indonesia using DMAIC framework

Sewage treatment plants (STP) were known to play an essential role in removing organic matter from domestic wastewater, aligning with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 regarding clean water and sanitation. Despite their importance, STP performance could decline, leading to failure in fulfilling the established standards. This study addresses the decline in treated domestic wastewater quality observed in a bottled water factory in North Sumatra, Indonesia, where the system experienced setbacks leading to poor COD degradation performance, and the pH parameter declined to a low of 4.78 at the outlet tank. Not only does this study aim to fix the quality decline that occurred, but it also describes the application of the DMAIC framework in addressing this matter, which makes this study distinct from the others. Utilizing a root cause analysis within the DMAIC framework, we identified unhealthy activated sludge conditions as the primary cause. Corrective actions, including re-seeding and aeration adjustments, were conducted to enhance and stabilize the pH and COD parameters. Additionally, the disinfection process in the effluent tank was found to be essential for maintaining compliance with quality standards. This research contributes to a better understanding of STP management and the benefits of DMAIC implementation in addressing the problem while underscoring the importance of STP management in achieving SDG 6.

Quality assessment of different polyethylene-packaged groundwater in the Ilorin metropolis of Nigeria for compliance with standards

There is a notable proliferation of sachet water brands in the Ilorin Metropolis of Nigeria. However, more information regarding their safety for human consumption is required. This study aimed to determine the quality attributes of sachet water produced within the Ilorin metropolis of Nigeria to ascertain their conformity with regulatory standards. Three sachet water companies were each selected from three Local Government Areas within the study area. Physicochemical and microbial analyses were conducted on the collected water samples within 24 hours of production and monthly during 4-month storage. The results showed that temperature (25.10-30.13 ℃) and turbidity (0.37-2.84 NTU) were within permissible limits. Total hardness (36.0-136.33 mg/L) and pH (6.42-8.86) significantly (p ≤0.05) increased during storage and were above standards in some samples. There were significant (p ≤0.05) variations in chlorides (2.83-8.57 mg/L), nitrates (0.15-0.64 mg/L), sulphates (4.70-7.12 mg/L), and sodium contents (10.16-18.74 mg/L) but all were within standards. While five of the nine sachet water brands complied (2-100 CFU/mL) with the limit of 100 CFU/mL for the total viable count, all the samples failed the zero-tolerance requirement for coliform. Possible fecal contamination was concluded as the main concern with the sachet water brands produced within Ilorin Metropolis, suggesting their unfitness for human consumption. The water brands may, therefore, pose severe health hazards to consumers and threaten public health. In conclusion, the study demonstrated the likely unfitness of some sachet water brands in the Ilorin Metropolis of Nigeria for human consumption, owing to fecal coliform. This underscores the need for regulatory agencies to intensify the certification process of prospective sachet water factories. Furthermore, regular inspections of certified factories and their practices and products are recommended to ensure continued compliance with regulatory standards.

Quality Assessment of a University-Based Packaged Water Factory

This study carried out an overall assessment of the water factory of Osun State University to check compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices. The study involved the assessment of the water factory facilities and the performance evaluation of the treatment units. Water samples were taken from the source water to the final treatment units and were analysed for some physicochemical and microbiology characteristics. The pH, TDS, and EC were analysed on the site out using the Hanna brand hand-held pH meter, total hardness, calcium, and magnesium were analysed using the titrimetric method, sulphate and nitrate were analysed using turbidimetric and brucine methods respectively while heavy metals were analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Microbiological characteristic was carried out using the Membrane filtration technique. The physico-chemical characteristics of the source water are 174, 128.8,57.2,6.31,5.77, 55.08, 1.84 0.017,0.115 mg/L while that of the permeate are 138.8, 98.8, 52.7, 6.4, 5.45, 15.57,1.42, 0.016, and 0.114 mg/L for Total Hardness, Ca2+, Mg2+, NO3--, SO42- TDS, K+, Pb2+, and Fe2+, respectively. The pH for the permeate is 6.32, the coliform concentration is between 0-1×105 CFU and the salt water rejection is 87.17%. The water factory complied well with good manufacturing and hygiene practices and the treatment units are functional. There is a need to equip the existing laboratory, perform microbiological analysis routinely and control the pH values.

The Role of the Halal Label in Purchasing Bottled Drinking Water: A Sharia Business Management Perspective

The research aims to determine the role of the halal label in purchasing decisions for Ayudes Packaged Drinking Water (AMDK) products in Ambon City and what the role of the halal label is in reviewing sharia business management. This research was carried out in the Ambon City community and at the Ayudes AMDK company using qualitative methods. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and documentation with a number of informants who were directly involved in the research. The results of this research show that the decision to purchase Ayudes bottled drinking water in Ambon City based on the role of the halal label shows that consumers do not pay attention to the inclusion of a halal label on the product packaging and pay more attention to the quality and location of the bottled water factory.

Background Ionization Radiation Of Selected Water Factories In Yenagoa Metropolis Bayelsa State

The research work was carried out at the water factories of both Allen T. water factory and Niger Delta University (NDU) water factory in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Radiation Monitoring Device- Radalert x100 was deployed in carrying out the study. The water factories were partitioned into ten different locations as indicated in the both Tables. The Background Ionizing Radiation (BIR) mean value of 0.016 mSv/y was recorded at Allen T. water factory as against the BIR mean value, 0.013 mSv/y as recorded at Niger Delta University (NDU) water factory. The mean Absorbed dose rate (AbD) of 0.140 nGy/h was recorded at Allen T. water factory as against the AbD mean value, 0.110 nGy/h as recorded at Niger Delta University (NDU) water factory. Annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) mean value of 0.215mSv/y was recorded at Allen T. water factory which is quite higher than the Annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) mean value of 0.168 mSv/y as recorded in Niger Delta University (NDU) water factory. The Excess life cancer risk (ELCR) mean value of 0.593 x10-3 recorded at Allen T. water factory was higher than the Excess life cancer risk (ELCR) mean value, 0.464 x10-3 as recorded at Niger Delta University (NDU) water factory. The values obtained were then compared to the World Permissible Limit as given by UNSCEAR 2000. The high radiological values as recorded at Allen T. water factory is mainly because of poor ventilation system, the absence of steel-coated equipment’s in the factory and the location of the factory close to human activities thereby contributing to the high-level of radiation.

Background Noise Level in Niger Delta University Water Factory

This research work is aims at determining the noise level in the Niger Delta University water factory for both operational and non-operational as shown in the various tables. Figure 1 and figure 2 shows the bar charts of the various noise levels of the water factory when the factory was in operational and non-operational. Figure 3 is a bar chart of the combine operational and non-operational noise levels in the water factory. In figure 1, the noise level is highest at the finished product store-room with a noise level value of 113.7 dB(A) as against 80.5 dB(A) in the bottle water store-room. Figure 2 indicate when the factory was non-operational the highest noise level is found in the payment room with a noise value of 67.4 dB(A) and the lowest noise level in the bottle water packaging room of noise value of 35.4 dB(A) this can be due to human activities that are taking place in the payment room. Figure 3: Shows the shows the bar chart for both operational and non-operational noise levels of the water factory, For the operational the finished product store-room has the highest with 113.7 dB(A) as against the non-operational in the bottle water packaging room which has a lower noise level value of 35.4 dB(A) this is compare to the permissible limit as recommended by WHO of 75dB(A) for eight (8) working hours.

VULNERABILITY AND PROTECTION OF THE WATER BODY "MODRAC"

Hydroaccumulation Modrac was built in 1964 to provide technological water for the needs of industry, and today it also has a water supply role for the drinking water of Tuzla and Lukavac. Given that wastewater is discharged into waterways mostly without any remedial treatment, the water body "Modrac" is therefore continuously exposed to contamination by various harmful and dangerous pollutants. Due to the complex geological and hydrogeological conditions in which the waters of the Modrac reservoir exist, as well as the great influence of anthropogenic pollution factors, the degree of vulnerability of these waters is significantly high. By defining the pollution cadastre, analyzing the degree of vulnerability, and assessing risk based on hazard and vulnerability, adequate prerequisites are created for the application of methods to protect the quality of these waters. This would ensure the preconditions for adequate protection of water quality, and improve the conditions for the use of these waters, especially in the sphere of water supply, given that these waters, along with previous treatment at the water factory in Cerik, are remedied and brought to the condition of drinking water, which must meet the regulations on the use of drinking water. Key words: vulnerability of water, water body, pollutants, polluting substances

Water Bottle Filling Conveyor Design Based on Programmable Logic Controller

Control systems in industry today are increasingly sophisticated. Many modern factories use automatic equipment control systems, such as the water factory industry, which uses a programmable logic controller (PLC) based control system because its use will be more efficient and more practical. A programmable logic controller device can be used to control mineral water bottle-filling devices by utilizing the input-output (I/O) facilities contained in the device. The input devices on the PLC can be push buttons and infrared sensors, while the PLC output can be actuator components such as DC motors that function as conveyor drivers, solenoid valves and linear solenoids. The system for filling water into bottles is very important in the production of drinking water because it can optimize the final production process. So that when filling bottles, the volume of water corresponds to what is released and does not exceed the capacity of the bottle, automatic filling is needed. Filling water into bottles is done by storing the water in a water tank before the water is put into bottles. This water-filling system is very useful, both in terms of production effectiveness and saving production costs. By using this system, the production process is more effective, more efficient and easier to carry out because filling times are accurate and do not require much human labour, which ultimately results in savings in production costs.

Energy Waste Reduction in University of Ibadan, Nigeria’s Water Factory Using Energy Audit Approach

The technical cost incurred in providing adequate services for drinkable water production and distribution is high in developing countries of which Nigeria is no exception. By analysing the energy aspect of this cost, with a view of eliminating non-value-adding energy wastes, the cost of production can be reduced. In this work, an energy audit of the University of Ibadan water factory has been carried out, as a means of reducing the electrical energy wastes within the factory, as well as the associated costs to these energy wastes. Data on equipment being used and their power ratings were collected via walkthrough audit, by means of interviews and personnel observation, and thereafter inputted into Excel spreadsheet in order to determine the extent of energy consumption of each of the factory equipment, areas of energy wastage and areas of energy conservation opportunities. The factory’s structural data was obtained through the use of a 50m fibre measuring tape, in order to carry out lighting, air-conditioning and ventilation assessments on selected rooms in the factory, as means of proper energy conservation. Energy management measures were deployed by suggestion of more efficient equipment. Major equipment found includes automatic filling machine, pumps, steam generator, conveyor etc. The total electrical energy consumption of the factory was 9,280.899 kWh, of which equipment such as pumps took 20% (highest energy consumption). Areas of major energy consumption include pet blowing room, production room 1, production room 2 and the borehole area. While the current cooling capacities of most rooms in the factory were above the cooling requirement of each room, the luminosity requirement of selected rooms in the factory is surpassed by the current luminosity level found. Energy management measures were found to reduce the energy consumption of the factory by 17%, saving a sum of 87,906.207 naira of electrical energy cost monthly. In conclusion, the energy audit carried out on the University of Ibadan water factory was found useful in reducing energy waste and associated costs within the water factory. This approach can be applied in industries for electricity cost reduction, hence, production cost.

Physicochemical Characteristics of Borehole Water Sources in a Tertiary Educational Institution in Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria

Physicochemical parameters are very crucial to get the exact idea about the quality of water in order to protect the natural ecosystem and also compare data obtained with standard values. This study focuses on determining the physicochemical properties of borehole water samples distributed within a tertiary educational institution in Katsina, Nigeria using standard methods. Data obtained reveals that, the pH of the water samples ranged from 6.75 – 7.78, Temperature 24.5 – 31.5oC, Dissolved oxygen (DO) 3.79 – 4.98 mg/L, Biological oxygen demand (BOD) 0.25 – 1.32 mg/L, Turbidity 0.78 – 10.00 NTU, Electrical conductivity 56.85 – 220.00 µS/cm, Total dissolved solids 2.25 – 19.00 mg/L, Total hardness 3.32 – 7.24 mg/L. Chlorides and Sulphate levels ranged from 0.95 – 5.99 mg/L and 0.17 – 0.34 mg/L respectively. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences in most values obtained at different sites at P ≤ 0.05. The water quality within the institution fell within the permissible standards of the WHO and therefore safe. However, the study recommends continuous surveillance of the water supplies at different seasonal intervals in order to determine any effect of seasonal variation on the quality of water and the commercialization of the water supplies into a table water factory in the nearest future.

A uniform methodology of local cooling and warming effects for different urban site types: multi-perspective assessment based on four northern Chinese cities

Local temperature changes caused by urban sites strongly influence regional climate and the urban heat island effect. The social functions and natural attributes of different site types result in different local thermal impacts; however, current studies have poorly considered a uniform methodology to describe the local cooling and warming effects of these sites. Therefore, this study proposes a uniform multi-perspective methodological framework to assess the cooling/warming effects and influencing factors of different site types, considering parks, water, industrial parks, and independent factories in four northern Chinese cities. The results show that the cooling/warming effects of the four site types can be described using the same methodology. First, parks have the greatest cooling gradient and the least cooling distance, intensity and efficiency, water and independent plants show similar cooling/warming effects, and industrial parks have the least stable warming distance and gradient. Second, biophysical parameters and coverage of impervious surfaces, vegetation, and water strongly influence cooling/warming effects and have opposite effects both internal and external to the sites. Third, considering synergistic thermal effects, the quantitative accumulation of land surface temperature showed the strongest overall thermal impact from water and the unequal distribution of cooling sites in the four cities.

Rehabilitation works of Chelas water factory

Rehabilitation works of Chelas water factory

Drobeta Turnu Severin Heavy Water Plant: Construction

The heavy water plant was established under the name of Combinatul Chimic Drobeta, by Decree 400/16.11.1979, under the Inorganic Products Industrial Center (CIPA) Râmnicu Vâlcea. The thermo-electric plant for supplying the heavy water factory with steam was decided to be located in Halânga village, three kilometers from the factory. The process water required for the factory was brought from the Danube, and the hydrogen sulphide used in the process was produced in the plant, through a specific technology, and then compressed, liquefied and stored in special tanks. The works on the heavy water factory at Drobeta Turnu Severin started in 1979, based on a derogatory HCM. The equipment for the heavy water plant was purchased through the Industrial Center for Chemical and Refinery Equipment (CIUTCR). All equipment and facilities that transported hydrogen sulphide had to meet strict quality assurance conditions.

Experimental and theoretical retentions of sub-10 nm colloidal nanoparticles by large-pore ultrafiltration membranes in isopropanol and water

Effective removal of small colloidal nanoparticles (NPs, e.g., <20 nm), including rigid particles, macromolecules, organics, viruses, antibiotics, hormones, etc., by dead-end filtration, is very important in drinking water, chemical, biopharmaceutical, and semiconductor factories. Most existing operations focused on sieving mechanism-based filtration with small-pore membranes (e.g., <20 nm) to capture these tiny NPs, which unfortunately leads to high energy consumption. This study proposed an emerging method that is to use large pore membranes (i.e., ∼100 nm) to capture NPs down to 2.8 nm. The ultimate goal is to address the grand challenge presented in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 12 on energy saving. To capture (or adhere) small NPs by large-pore membranes, the surface electrostatic interactions between NP and membrane should be considered in addition to the sieving mechanism. To examine the feasibility of the proposed method, the retention efficiency of ∼100 nm rated polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and polycarbonate track-etched (PCTE, as a model filter) membranes against 2.8 nm ZnS quantum dot (QD), 5 and 10 nm Au and 100 nm PSL in water and isopropanol (IPA, a representative organic solvent) were studied experimentally and theoretically. In the experiments, the electrospray-scanning mobility particle sizer (ES-SMPS) was used to measure the size distribution of these nanosized colloids before and after the membrane to determine the retention efficiency. In the theory, we combined the hydrodynamic particle transport, extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (xDLVO), and Maxwell models to calculate the NP retention. Results showed that the data agreed with the theoretical model very well, and the NP retentions in IPA were higher than that in water due to a significant change of acid-base interaction from repulsion to attraction. The retention of the 10 nm Au NPs and the 2.8 nm NPs could be attained by ∼80 and 35%, respecively, in IPA by the PTFE. This study was the first to show the combined theoretical model can accurately predict the retention of sub-10 nm NPs by different membranes in an organic solvent and water. The model predicts the retention of 5 nm Au NPs can be increased to higher than 99% by increasing the zeta potential of the PTFE about 5 times, thus a sustainable UF cutting significant carbon footprint is foreseeable in near future.

Analisis Penentuan Harga Pokok Produksi Dengan Metode Full Costing, Variable Costing dan Activity Based Costing Pada Pabrik Air Minum Syifa’ P2S2 Sukorejo Situbondo

The selling price is a crucial aspect of a product. Considering the selling price is one of the factors that will influence consumer decisions in buying a product. So that the determination of the selling price of the product must be done carefully and with integrated considerations. Through production costs, operational costs, desired profit targets, people's purchasing power, competitors' selling prices, general economic conditions, product price elasticity, and so on. The selling price policy is influenced by the cost of production and affects the success or failure of the company in achieving its goals.&#x0D; Thus, the As-Syifa' Bottled Drinking Water Factory (AMDK), as one of the producers of drinking water circulating in the midst of the Sukorejo Islamic Boarding School environment, must carefully consider the method of determining the cost of production that is applied. Departing from this thought, the researcher intends to conduct research at As-Syifa's AMDK by applying the full costing method, variable costing, and activity based costing.&#x0D; This research was conducted at Jln. KHR. Syamsul Arifin, Sukorejo village, Banyuputih, Situbondo. Precisely in one of the Islamic boarding school business units that produces drinking water. Data sources consist of primary and secondary sources. Data obtained through observation, interviews with managers, and documentation.&#x0D; From the results of the discussion, the following conclusions are obtained: (1) the As-Syifa' AMDK factory has so far used the conventional method in determining its HPP and obtained a HPP of Rp. 9,612.- (2) from the results of applying the full costing method, variable costing, and activity based costing obtained by different HPP which can be taken into consideration by As-Syifa's AMDK manager.

Management of water Issues in Taiz basin, Yemen

Generally, the study area including the city of Taiz, in particular is suffering from an acute shortage of water due to the increase of the growing demand on water for domestic and industrial needs as well as the water needs for agriculture in the region. In addition, the water resources in the study area are limited to the aquifers while water extraction rates exceed the natural recharge and the use is not effective. Therefore, it highlights the importance of water demand management to maintain the quantity and quality of drinking water and domestic use, irrigation and industry. The objectives of this study is to evaluate current and future vulnerability of water sources in the study area; Development of scenarios and analysis of future water balance to find out the best solution to the problem of water in Taiz basin as the study area; Select the appropriate scenario to resolve the water problem. The results of this study will assist decision makers in the field of water resources for better planning and management in the future. During the period 15/1/2013 to 15/4/2013 Implementation of the field study in 1501water points, these water points are distributed between 954 hand-dug well, 479 deep well, 50 springs, five water collection tanks, two dams, and six water retaining walls. For calculating the amount of water supply in the region and the amount of water deficit, in addition to knowing the amount of needs that must be secured in the future, Water Evaluation And Planning (WEAP) application as Decision Support System (DSS) to manage the supply and demand for water in Taiz basin as the study area. The analysis and results using WEAP program include the following themes: Ground water storage in the aquifers: The usable storage for the base year of the model (2013) has been calculated for the five sub-basins in the study area, Estimated ground water storage in alluvial aquifer (in Mm3) ranged 221.52-&#x0D; 415.36 Mm3 at best estimate at 332.29 Mm3, groundwater storage in Volcanic aquifer ranged 129.98-2599.52 Mm3 at best estimate 259.95, whereas groundwater storage in sandstone aquifer ranged 5.044- 50.44Mm3 at best estimate at 10.088; Unmet water demand, The gap between supply and demand for water in the study area was estimated as (47,692,840.9 m3). Preliminary, set of adaptation strategies that address water scarcity; Interpret the proposed set of adaptation strategies to solve water issue from improve water services and water management for the urban area as part of the study in Central and Al Hawban Sub Catchment:&#x0D; (Increase the coverage rates for water services, Diversify water sources for the city, Efficient water management, Implementation of control and water quality program in water sources and drinking water factories, Development of specialized human cadres technically and administratively for the development of water management, Flow of water services from different water sources….. etc.); and Improve water projects and water management for the rural area as part of the study area Al Dabab Sub Catchment, Al Janad Sub Catchment and Thi- Sufal Al Haimah Sub Catchment: Commitment of the Commission basin management to Upper Rasyan Valley, The formation of committees Sub-water basin to ensure the management of water resources from the lower level, Resolving water conflicts in different regions of the study area and the basin provider of water to the city of Taiz, Community participation by establishment of water users associations (WUAs) in the sub- basin areas.&#x0D;

Hair manifestations in factory workers with arsenic exposure in Hayatabad industrial estate Peshawar, Pakistan

BACKGROUND &amp; OBJECTIVE: Arsenic is present both naturally and from manmade sources like factory effluents. Contamination by arsenic of the groundwater is a major source of health detriment in south-east Asian countries. The aim of this study was to identify levels of arsenic in drinking water sources and factory effluents and to analyse arsenic levels in hair samples from factory workers and their families, along with morphological changes in hair in industrial workers in Peshawar.&#x0D; METHODOLOGY: Water and hair samples were collected by random sampling from a labor colony of 81 factory and non-factory household members living and working in the same industrial estate and analyzed for arsenic. Hair morphology was carried out in histomorphology laboratory at Khyber Medical University, Peshawar. The results obtained from both groups were compared with normal hair histomorphology. The data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20.&#x0D; RESULTS: The arsenic level in drinking water, colony tube wells and households was not within the permissible level of WHO (10µg/L). The arsenic level in factory effluent was 68µg/l (Pakistan Government's acceptable level is 50µg/L). The difference was statistically significant p≤0.001 between the two groups, the factory workers had a relatively higher level of arsenic, ~34ppb, in their scalp hair. Hair arsenic level also came out to be &lt;1.00µg/g. There was a wide variation in the histomorphology of the hair samples in both groups.&#x0D; CONCLUSION: Elevated levels of arsenic in factory effluent demonstrate improper decontamination. The arsenic levels were within permissible levels, long term effects cannot be ruled out.

APPLICATION OF LEGAL PROVISIONS AND REGULATIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF DRINKING WATER IN THE TERRITORY OF THE CITY OF VRANJE

The quality of drinking water is very important and an essential factor for the normal functioning ofliving beings. Depending on the quality of water, the quality of many food products, which use water in theirprocessing and production process, also depends. The city of Vranje has chemically and bacteriologically correctdrinking water, because the water is regularly checked, controlled and analyzed, both in the water factory and in thePublic Health Institute of Vranje. However, the large number of factories and the loading of watercourses with anexcessive amount of waste greatly affect the change in water quality. For this reason, it is very important to treat thewater so that the water remains of satisfactory quality. There are many legal regulations that, through theirregulations, influence the maintenance of water quality at a satisfactory level. This paper focuses precisely on theapplication of legal regulations and regulations in the treatment of drinking water testing.