Water Extract Research Articles

Comprehensive analysis of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of water and methanol extracts of Hibiscus flower

This study provides a comprehensive investigation into the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Hibiscus flower extracts, highlighting their potential for future applications in functional foods. The research addressed key challenges by employing a multi-faceted approach, including four distinct methods for evaluating antioxidant potential: DPPH and FRAP assays, reducing power, and chelating ability of Fe ions. Total phenolic content was quantified using the Folin–Ciocalteu method, while tannins and flavonoids were assessed via vanillin–HCl and aluminum chloride assays. Additional analyses included spectrophotometric measurement of total flavonols and anthocyanins. Antibacterial activity was determined using a modified agar disk diffusion method, with results indicating significant inhibition of Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus by both aqueous and methanolic extracts. Colorimetric analysis revealed a reduction in chroma and hue angles, while FTIR spectroscopy identified key functional groups, such as suberin, lipids, and polysaccharides. Notably, the antioxidant efficacy varied depending on the solvent used, with aqueous extracts showing higher total phenolic content (4325.12 mg GAE/100 g) compared to methanolic extracts (3487.05 mg GAE/100 g). The study concludes that Hibiscus flower extracts, rich in antioxidants like tannins and anthocyanins, possess significant potential for use as natural preservatives and colorants in food products, supporting their role in developing novel functional foods.

SPFDNet: Water Extraction Method Based on Spatial Partition and Feature Decoupling

Extracting water information from remote-sensing images is of great research significance for applications such as water resource protection and flood monitoring. Current water extraction methods aggregated richer multi-level features to enhance the output results. In fact, there is a difference in the requirements for the water body and the water boundary. Indiscriminate multi-feature fusion can lead to perturbation and competition of information between these two types of features during the optimization. Consequently, models cannot accurately locate the internal vacancies within the water body with the external boundary. Therefore, this paper proposes a water feature extraction network with spatial partitioning and feature decoupling. To ensure that the water features are extracted with deep semantic features and stable spatial information before decoupling, we first design a chunked multi-scale feature aggregation module (CMFAM) to construct a context path for obtaining deep semantic information. Then, an information interaction module (IIM) is designed to exchange information between two spatial paths with two fixed resolution intervals and the two paths through. During decoding, a feature decoupling module (FDM) is developed to utilize internal flow prediction to acquire the main body features, and erasing techniques are employed to obtain boundary features. Therefore, the deep features of the water body and the detailed boundary information are supplemented, strengthening the decoupled body and boundary features. Furthermore, the integrated expansion recoupling module (IERM) module is designed for the recoupling stage. The IERM expands the water body and boundary features using expansion and adaptively compensates the transition region between the water body and boundary through information guidance. Finally, multi-level constraints are combined to realize the supervision of the decoupled features. Thus, the water body and boundaries can be extracted more accurately. A comparative validation analysis is conducted on the public datasets, including the gaofen image dataset (GID) and the gaofen2020 challenge dataset (GF2020). By comparing with seven SOTAs, the results show that the proposed method achieves the best results, with IOUs of 91.22 and 78.93, especially in the localization of water bodies and boundaries. By applying the proposed method in different scenarios, the results show the stable capability of the proposed method for extracting water with various shapes and areas.

Phytochemical, Growth Performance and Haematological Indices of Aqueous Extract of Aphrodisiac Formulation against Acetaminophen Induced Hepatocyte Injuries in Wistar Rats

Zainacin Dadin duniya is known for its antioxidant and liver-protecting properties. This research assesses the phytochemical characteristics and impact of Zainacin Dadin Duniya water extract on growth and hematological factors in Wister rats with acetaminophen-induced liver damage. 60 female and 30 male rats were divided into five groups with each group consisting of 18 rats selected randomly. Group 1 received saline, group 2 received a liver medicine, group 3 received acetaminophen, group 4 received a daily dose of aqueous extract at 500 mg/kg, and group 5 received a daily dose of aqueous extract at 500 mg/kg along with 3 ml/day of acetaminophen, all administered for 28 days. The animals were weighed before and following the experiment. The hematological parameters were determined, including packed Cell Volume (PCV), Red blood Cell (RBC), Haemoglobin (Hb), Mean Cell Volume (MCV), and White Blood Cell (WBC). Findings indicated that the extract contains a considerable quantity of phytochemicals. Findings indicated a notable weight gain (P<0.05) in Groups 1, 2, 4, and 5 and weight reduction in Group 3. In Group 3, there was a significant decrease in erythrocyte counts (4.29%), packed cell volume (33.00%), and hemoglobin (6.17%) values, while there was an increase in leukocyte (9.62%) and Mean Cell Volume (54.33%) values compared to the other groups. The presence of acetaminophen in the treatment given to Group 3 rats could lead to a decline in their growth performance and trigger adverse reactions in their blood parameters, potentially impacting their overall development. The segment may act as a strong remedy for acetaminophen-induced hepatocytes by blocking those reactive oxygen species.

Satellite observations of surface water dynamics and channel migration in the Yellow River since the 1980s

Study regionthe Yellow River (YR) in China. Study focusDue to climate change and human activities, YR channel morphology has undergone significant spatiotemporal variations. Yet, a comprehensive understanding of channel migration in YR and its driving factors remains unclear. Here, we developed a multi-index water extraction method to track the changes in surface water and river channel migration of YR based on Landsat imagery since the 1980s. New hydrological insights for the regionWe find that the average surface water area of YR over the past four decades is 4013 km2, with 73.5 % of permanent surface water. Notably, the surface water extent has experienced a 9 % increase since the 1980s, while the river channel has undergone a 12.2 % decrease. The YR channel’s centerline exhibits diverse change patterns across the entire basin, which can be broadly categorized into six types ranging from unchanged to reverse migration. We identify that climate, particularly temperature and precipitation, contributed 71 % of channel changes in the upper reaches, while 65 % of changes in the lower reaches are from human activities, including reservoir operations and water management policies. Our results unveil the variations in water extent and channel migration of the YR, offering new insights into the interactions between channel migration and climate change and human activities in the YR over the past four decades.

Evaluation of Mechanical Energy Consumption in WPC Production from Pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) with ABS Thermoplastic Additions.

This study investigates lignocellulosic biocomposites' physicochemical properties and strength parameters with varying thermoplastic content. Biocomposites were prepared using wood (Pinus sylvestris) or hemp shives (Cannabis sativa L.) combined with 25% and 50% ABS regranulate. The research focused on evaluating the mechanical energy consumption during the compaction of wood-ABS biocomposites with different pine fractions pretreated with hot water extraction (HWE) and analyzing the relationship between strength and thermoplastic content. Results indicate that the composition of the mixture and the size of the hemp shives fraction did not significantly influence energy consumption during densification. Energy values ranged from 1.234 × 10⁻8 J to 8.296 × 10⁻8 J. While the densification of pine after HWE was unsuccessful without ABS, preheating the mixtures with ABS facilitated the production of a uniform composite. The work required for densification ranged from 1.404 × 10⁻5 J to 2.711 × 10⁻5 J for fractions without ABS. For mixtures with ABS, the work required was 1.954 × 10⁻5 J for fraction 0 ÷ 0.4 (f1) and 0.042 × 10⁻5 J for fraction 0.4 ÷ 0.8.

Plukenetia volubilis leaves as source of anti-Helicobacter pylori agents.

Helicobacter pylori infection is a major issue worldwide, with widespread prevalence, combined with its link to gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Meanwhile, effectiveness of current treatment protocols is limited by increasing antibiotic resistance and patient compliance issues due to long regimens and side effects. Plukenetia volubilis, or sacha inchi, is a valuable source of bioactive molecules. However, studies on its antimicrobial activity, especially against H. pylori, are lacking. In this study, the anti-H. pylori activity of P. volubilis leaves water extract was explored using in vitro and in silico approaches. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Electrospray Ionisation and Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-ESI- QTOF-MS-MS) analysis of the water extract from the leaves was used to characterise the chemical composition of the plant and allowed identification of some flavonoids, such as astragalin, and some phenolic compounds. Then, high-speed counter current chromatography (HSCCC) was used to fractionate the ethyl acetate partition obtained from the water extract from the leaves. The presence of flavonoids derived from kaempferol was confirmed and astragalin was isolated for the first time in P. volubilis. The P. volubilis water infusion, ethyl acetate extract and the isolated astragalin exhibited anti-bacterial activity against H. pylori J99 and two clinical isolates (e.g., minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.53, 0.51 and 0.49μg/mL, respectively, for clarithromycin-resistant clinical isolate SSR366). Then, using molecular docking for potential protein targets for H. pylori, it was verified that astragalin could interact with these proteins by in silico analysis. These findings highlight that P. volubilis and astragalin produce a bacteriostatic activity against H. pylori and may have potential to be used in treatment against H. pylori, after further research.

Correlation analysis between phytochemical composition and biological activities of Artemisiascoparia

As a homologous plant of medicine and food, Artemisia scoparia has rich nutritional value and medicinal components. The main contents are to analyze the phytochemical composition and various biological activities of A. scoparia, and to explore the Pearson correlation between the contents of each phytochemical composition and biological activities. The ethanol extract (EA) and its fractions (n-hexane extract (NHE), ethyl acetate extract (EAC), n-butanol extract (NBA), and water extract (HO)) of A. scoparia were rich in polyphenols, polysaccharides, terpenoids, coumarins, flavonoids and showed potential for antibacterial, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, lipid-lowering, and anti-inflammatory activities. EAC contains the highest amount of coumarins and flavonoids, shows strong antibacterial, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory (COX-2) activities. In addition, the inhibition rate of NHE on LOX was higher, and Pearson correlation reveled a strong association between phytochemical composition and biological activities: Coumarins had antimicrobial properties, flavonoids had antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects, and flavonoids and terpenoids had anti-inflammatory effects. There was a significant negative correlation between coumarins and MBC of S. aureus (r = 0.84, p < 0.001) and C. albicans (r = 0.84, p < 0.001). Flavonoids (r = 0.86, p < 0.001) showed a significant negative correlation with α-glucosidase scavenging ability. Terpenoids also showed a significantly negative correlation with LOX scavenging ability (r = 0.70, p < 0.001). A comprehensive understanding of both physiological functionalities and potential applications related to the bioactive elements present in extracts from A. scoparia could potentially provide valuable scientific insights to guide its medical or health-related utilization.

Fish, Fetishization, and Faith in the Arctic Ocean

The ocean is a site of energy, space, movement, depth, and extraction. The biblical creation account begins there, with the energy of movement of the Spirit over the Deep. The exploitation of the ocean can be read as a desecration of the Deep, of divine presence and creativity, where beings of the deep roam. Many of these beings are beyond human knowledge, known only to the Creator. Many disturbances of the ocean floor and ocean dwellers have already occurred; penetrating even deeper into the ocean is a form of sacrilege. Extractive politics in the Arctic Ocean and in Northern Sápmi continue following decades of overfishing, poaching, and repression of indigenous coastal traditions. The Sámi tradition and ecological theologies offer a different way of looking at coastal and ocean regions. As tools to counter the calls for endless extraction, we offer narratives that highlight the importance of the coastal Sámi oral tradition and a decolonial ecotheology of a protective apophasis of the Deep. Countering extraction involves rejecting a hermeneutics of commodity fetish that distorts the ocean and those that live and travel within it by framing them as endlessly extractable. This article seeks to resist the extraction of oceanic waters and remind us of ways to respect ocean-dwelling species, the ocean, and ourselves in a time where we are facing the sixth great extinction.

Unveiling phytochemical diversity and safety profile of hot water extract from Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit

BackgroundTetrapleura tetraptera, a widely used medicinal plant in West Africa, has been traditionally employed for various ailments. Despite its folkloric significance, scientific validation of its safety and potential neuroactive properties remains limited.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the acute and subchronic toxicity of Tetrapleura tetraptera hot water extract (HWETTF) in rats and to elucidate its phytochemical composition.MethodsAcute oral toxicity was assessed in mice using the OECD guideline 423, while a 14-day repeat-dose toxicity study was conducted in rats. The phytochemical analysis included HPLC, FT-IR, and GC–MS.ResultsHWETTF exhibited no significant toxicity in acute or subchronic studies, even at high doses. Phytochemical analysis revealed a diverse array of compounds, including those with potential GABAergic and CNS depressant activities.ConclusionTetrapleura tetraptera demonstrated a favourable safety profile in rodents and possesses a rich phytochemical composition. Further research is warranted to explore its potential neuroactive properties and develop therapeutic applications.

Moringa olifera leave extracts yielded from irradiated and unirradiated seeds cause toxicity and induce dysregulation of enzymatic activities in fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith, 1797) [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda is the most distractive polyphagous noctuid pest in tropical and subtropical regions. The current study was designed to examine the insecticidal activity of the water extract of Moringa olifiera leaves cultivated from unirradiated and 40 Gy irradiated seeds. Also, the effect of the extract on some digestive enzymes activities was assayed. The results indicated that the extract produced from 40 Gy irradiated seeds was more effective than those of unirradiated one. As well as, leaves extract produced from cultivated irradiated and unirradiated seeds decrease lipase protease and amylase activities of 3rd instar larvae of S. frugiperda and the highest decrease was in larvae fed on leaves produced from irradiated cultivated seeds. Therefore, the water extract of M. olifiera leaves cultivated from 40 Gy irradiated seeds might be seen as an environmentally beneficial pest management method.

Investigation of the chemical composition and biological activities of Eremurus spectabilis M. Bieb through antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, COX-2 and iNOS assessment.

Eremurus spectabilis is widespread and used primarily for medicinal and culinary purposes. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, antiradical and antioxidant activities, enzyme inhibitory activities, and anti-inflammatory properties of various extracts from the aerial parts of E. spectabilis. Various assays were used to investigate the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties. The chemical composition of the tested extracts was analyzed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Additionally, the extracts were tested on isolated mouse colon tissue challenged with E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to replicate the inflammation and oxidative stress burden characteristic of inflammatory bowel diseases. In the chemical composition, vanillic, ferulic, 4-hydroxybenzoic acids were the prominent compounds. The greatest antioxidant activity was observed in the methanol and water extracts from the aerial parts. Enzyme inhibition tests showed that the ethyl acetate extract had the highest anti-acetylcholinesterase activity. The gene expression of pro-inflammatory cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and pro-oxidant inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) biomarkers were assayed. Among the extracts, the methanol extract was the most effective in blunting LPS-induced gene expression of COX-2. E. spectabilis may serve as a valuable source of phytochemicals for combating oxidative stress and inflammation-driven diseases, with a particular emphasis on colon inflammatory condition.

Manufactured soil: A new use for bauxite residue

Bauxite processing residue produced at an Alumina refinery was used to produce manufactured soil. The residue was first acidified and then leached to remove excess salts. Green waste compost was added at rates of 5 and 10 % w/w, with or without the addition of 20 % w/w dune sand. The products were dried, crushed and sieved and the chemical, physical and microbial properties of the materials characterized. Products had an electrical conductivity and pH of 1.0–1.1 dS m−1 and 8.0–8.1 respectively in 1:5 soil:water extracts and corresponding values in saturation paste extracts were 5.4–5.7 dS m−1 and 7.4–7.5. The effective cation exchange capacity was 202–351 mmolc kg−1, exchangeable Na percentage was 41–46 %, Colwell-extractable P was 108–119 mg kg−1 and the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure showed that extractable metal concentrations were an order of magnitude below regulatory limits so the material can be considered as non-hazardous. Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-extractable Cu, Zn and Mn were below reported critical levels. Addition of compost lowered concentrations of extractable Cr, As and V and drying the material further reduced extractable levels. When the material was dried it shrunk and solidified and the aggregates produced had a low macroporosity and high microporosity and water holding capacity compared with dune sand. Aggregates were very stable as measured by wet sieving. Compost addition increased organic C content, and the size (microbial biomass C) and activity (basal respiration and the activity of enzymes involved in C, N, S and P mineralization) of the soil microbial community. It was concluded that the materials produced had soil-like chemical, physical and microbial properties and could potentially be used as a soil substitute.

Hair Growth Effect and the Mechanisms of Rosa rugosa Extract in DHT-Induced Alopecia Mice Model.

Rosa rugosa is a medicinal plant known for its potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and antimicrobial benefits. The pharmacological effects of Rosa rugosa extract on hair loss have not yet been documented. This research sought to assess the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of action of Rosa rugosa water extract (RWE) in a mouse model of dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced alopecia. The study was conducted using C57BL/6 mice, which were assigned to five groups: control, DHT-treated, Rosa rugosa water extract (RWE) at doses of 25 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg body weight, and bicalutamide-treated. To induce hair loss, dihydrotestosterone (1 mg/day per body weight) was administered via intraperitoneal injections, and dorsal hair removal was timed to align with the telogen phase. Each group received oral treatments for a period of 23 days. In this study, we assessed hair growth activity, examined histological changes, and performed immunoblot analysis. We noted improvements in hair length and thickness. Additionally, the protein expression of growth factors associated with hair growth, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), showed significant increases in the group treated with RWE. Additionally, treatment with RWE suppressed the protein expression of hair growth inhibitory factors, including dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 1 (DKK1) and interleukin (IL)-6. Moreover, hair growth regulatory pathway related factors, including ERK, AKT, and GSK-3β, were activated. These findings indicate that RWE could serve as a promising natural therapy for preventing hair loss by enhancing the production of factors that promote hair growth while inhibiting those that suppress it.

Validation of physicochemical water quality results through cross-checking with biological indices

ABSTRACT Biological assessment of rivers is critical for evaluating ecosystem health, detecting ecological changes, validating physicochemical monitoring data, assessing the effectiveness of water treatment systems, conserving biodiversity, and guiding water resource management. In this study, the surface water quality of the Karkheh River basin was evaluated using the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI) and the Iranian Surface Water Quality Index (IRWQIsc) for qualitative analysis. For biological monitoring, the Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP) index, along with the Average Score per Taxon (ASPT) and the Hilsenhoff Biotic Index (HFBI), was employed to provide a comprehensive assessment. Water quality was analyzed across 18 sampling stations, revealing significant spatial variation. Upstream areas exhibited relatively good conditions, with NSFWQI and IRWQIsc values of 59 and 68, respectively. In contrast, downstream locations near urban and agricultural areas demonstrated poor water quality, with values of 27 and 33, respectively. Overall, approximately 70% of the river's length has been severely impacted, highlighting the need for targeted planning and management to mitigate pollution. The biological indices corroborated the physicochemical results, revealing severe ecological stress in polluted regions. The close alignment between the NSFWQI and biological indicators emphasizes the importance of a multifaceted approach in assessing aquatic health. Key factors contributing to the river's degradation include excessive water extraction, untreated wastewater discharge, and diminished self-purification capacity, particularly in downstream areas.

Optimization of extraction process of polysaccharide from Phylloporia fontanesiae and its simulated digestion in vitro.

In this study, Phylloporia fontanesiae polysaccharide was successfully isolated through a sequential water extraction and alcohol precipitation process. Utilizing the Box-Behnken design, the extraction process was optimized based on single-factor experiments, considering variables such as the material-to-liquid ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time, and the number of extractions. The polysaccharide composition of P. fontanesiae is predominantly composed of mannose, glucuronic acid, glucose, and galactose, with a molar mass ratio of 4.31:4.10:36.83:1, along with minor amounts of aminoglucose and fucose. The polysaccharide fraction of P. fontanesiae comprises two distinct components, possessing relative molecular masses of 8.85kDa and 134.03kDa. Notably, the polysaccharide exhibited significant antioxidant activity. After undergoing simulated gastrointestinal digestion, no significant changes were observed in its antioxidant activity, molecular weight, or monosaccharide composition. This study not only enhanced the extraction efficiency of P. fontanesiae polysaccharide but also provided valuable insights into its composition, structure, and digestion characteristics. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The optimum extraction process, stability, and antioxidant activity of Phylloporia fontanesiae polysaccharide during simulated digestion of gastrointestinal tract were studied. The results provide a theoretical basis for the development and application of this polysaccharide in the field of food and health products.

Neuroprotective Effect of Ixeris dentata Extract on Trimethyltin-Induced Memory Impairment in Rats

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a representative neurodegenerative disease characterized by the structural and functional degeneration of neurons. The present study investigated the neuroprotective effect of Ixeris dentata (ID) extract on trimethyltin (TMT)-induced memory deficit in the rat. Cognitive improving effect and neuronal activity of ID were assessed by using Morris water maze (MWM) test and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) immunohistochemistry. Seven days after TMT injection (8.0 mg/kg, i.p.), each group of rats was administered saline, water extract of ID (WID, 400 or 800 mg/kg, p.o.), ethanol extract of ID (EID, 400 or 800 mg/kg, p.o.), or caffeic acid (CAF, 30 mg/kg, i.p.) daily for fourteen days. Results: Treatment with EID and CAF produced a significant improvement in escape latency time of the acquisition, and retention time in the target area of the MWM task. Additionally, administration of EID or CAF markedly alleviated TMT-induced loss of ChAT- and CREB-immunoreactive cells in the hippocampus. The results demonstrated that EID has a protective effect against TMT-induced memory deficit, partly through increasing the CREB and cholinergic signaling pathway in the hippocampus. These results suggest that ethanol extracts of ID might be useful for improving cognitive functions in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease.

Antioxidant potential of olive leaf (&lt;i&gt;Olea europaea&lt;/i&gt; L.) sustainable extracts evaluated &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and minced beef meat

In this work, by using water steam only, two antioxidant extracts were obtained from olive leaves (Olea europaea L.), a by-product of olive oil chain. Olive leaf extracts (OLEs) were tested as such (water extract: WE) and partially purified with ethyl acetate (ethyl acetate [EA] extract). Total phenols were 7.4 mg/mL and 3.8 mg/mL in WE and EA final solutions, respectively, evidencing a different composition by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Both extracts were evaluated in vitro in comparison to pure hydroxytyrosol (Hy). A 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) EC50 of 57.6, 76.5, and 39.7 µg/mL and a ferric reducing antioxidant power EC50 of 84.8, 69.9, 41.2 µg/mL were determined for WE, EA, and Hy solution, respectively. The Rancimat induction time determined at 120°C in a lard sample with 200-ppm total phenol equivalent addition of WE, EA, and Hy was 8.92 h, 12.74 h, and 7.27 h, respectively (vs. 2.24 h for lard only). Extracts were added at the same dose (200 ppm) to minced beef patties that were put in closed containers under controlled air headspace composition (NA, natural air; HOA, modified air with 80% O2; and 20% N2) and stored at 4°C up to 10 days. Extracts showed significant effectiveness in contrasting decrease of O2 level in containers as well as pH and color changes of patties. A significant increase (expressed as mg of malondialdehyde MDA/kg; thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) assay was conducted in control samples at an interval of 0–10 days (from 0.52 to 0.78 mg of MDA/kg in NA samples; and from 0.55 to 1.31 mg of MDA/kg in HOA samples), while minimal changes were observed in treated samples. These findings suggest a potential use of OLEs for maintaining quality and oxidative stability of beef patties during storage.

Mitigation salinity stress using magnetically treated water and Chlorella spalgae extract on sunflower productivity

Mitigation salinity stress using magnetically treated water and Chlorella spalgae extract on sunflower productivity

Antiviral effects of Sarcodia suae water extracts against vesicular stomatitis virus infection

ABSTRACT Marine algae, a rich source of bioactive substances, have long been utilized in biomedical and veterinary sciences. This study breaks new ground by assessing the antiviral therapeutic potential of water extracts from four algal species – Colaconema formosanum, Caulerpa microphysa, Gelidium amansii and Sarcodia suae – against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection. The standout among these was Sarcodia suae water extract (SSWE), which not only significantly repressed VSV replication and enhanced cell survival without cytotoxic effects, but also demonstrated its antiviral activity through interference with viral attachment, entry, RNA replication, and egress, and reduced VSV-induced autophagy in Mv1Lu cells during the late stages of infection. The EC50 of SSWE was 0.422 ± 0.14 mg ml‒1. The cytotoxicity assay confirmed the high biocompatibility of SSWE. This study identifies SSWE as a promising natural antiviral agent and elucidates its mechanisms of action, highlighting the need for further research to optimize its use in controlling VSV-related diseases.

Clove Aqueous Extract Alleviates Acute Kidney Injury Induced by Folic Acid in Rats

Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a common clinical disease that has a high incidence and mortality rate. Clove, a robust natural source of bioactive chemicals and rich in secondary metabolites, plays a wide range of biological roles. Aim: The present study aimed to assess the ameliorative efficacy of clove extract against acute renal damage induced by folic acid in rats. Methods: Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to investigate the main components of clove extract. Folic acid, at a dose of 250 mg/kg, was delivered intraperitoneally to rats to induce AKI. Eighteen rats were divided into three groups: control, AKI, and AKI + clove extract (500 mg/kg). Results: The administration of clove extract significantly restored the levels of creatine, urea, uric acid, sodium, potassium, chloride, creatinine clearance, and microalbumin to nearly normal levels. Also, clove water extract inhibited oxidative stress by decreasing concentrations of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Nitric Oxide (NO). Furthermore, clove extract elevated the levels of Glutathionereduced (GSH), Catalase (CAT), and Glutathione S-transferase (GST). Kidney section histology showed notable improvements after the administration of clove extract. Conclusion: The clove water extract has been found to contain many bioactive components possessing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, effectively protecting against acute renal injury.