Peel Water Extract Research Articles

Silver nanoparticles from orange peel extract: Colorimetric detection of Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions with a chemometric approach

Green silver nanoparticles (AgNPs@OPE) were obtained by using orange (citrus sinensis) peel water extract (OPE) that acts as a reducing and capping agent. This procedure permits the valorisation of waste as orange peel, and lowers the environmental impact of the process, with respect to the conventional synthetic procedure. The OPE extract reduced Ag(I) to Ag(0) in alkaline conditions, and stabilised the produced nanoparticles as a capping agent. The AgNPs@OPE were deeply characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, SEM analysis and DLS analysis and successively used as colorimetric sensors for different metals in aqueous solution. The colourimetric assay showed that AgNPs@OPE were able to detect Pb2+ and Cd2+, as demonstrated by the splits of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band accompanied by the formation of a second new band; these spectral modification resulted in a colour change, from pristine nanoparticles’ yellow to brown, due to the aggregation process. For the quantification of each of the two target cations, a calibration was performed by using the univariate linear regression, within the linearity ranges, exploiting the absorbance ratio between the main SPR band and the new band relative to the aggregate formation. Then a multivariate approach was followed to perform both Cd2+ and Pb2+ quantification by means of Partial Least Square regression (PLS) and target cations distinction by Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) applied on Principal Components Analysis (PCA) outputs, in both cases using the entire UV–Vis spectra (350–800 nm) as input data. Finally, the ability to quantify and distinguish between Cd2+ and Pb2+ was tested in tap water samples spiked with the two cations in order to confirm the application of the AgNPs@OPE as selective sensor in real samples.

Protection of soybean by orange peel extract and its nanocapsules against ethyl methanesulfonate damages

Citrus fruits are one of the most important sources of phenolic substances, known as antioxidants and protector agents against ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). Orange peels were used to extract bioactive compounds such as phenols, in addition to evaluate antioxidant activity of the extracts. Soybean plant was used to study the effect of several concentrations (0.01, 0.1 and 1%) of orange peel water extract as protector material to which EMS (0.7%) was added, as well as nanoencapsulated extract at 0.1%. Several parameters were measured to evaluate the effect of these concentrations on soybean as germination rate, plant height, number of leaves, leaves characteristics, total number of flowers after 40 days from germination, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds per pod and weight of 100 seeds. The results showed that 1% of orange peel water extract had the highest protective effect, however no positive effect was detected when it was used without EMS. Using 0.01% of orange peels extract was indeed advantageous for plant growth. On the other hand, pectin-calcium nanoencapsulated extract at 0.1% showed better effectiveness when compared to non-encapsulated extract at the same concentration. These results revealed that using plant extracts could be a promising approach to protect plants from harmful substances existing in some mediums (tissue culture) and environments.

Lemon Peel Water Extract: A Novel Material for Retinal Health, Protecting Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells against Dynamin-Related Protein 1-Mediated Mitochondrial Fission by Blocking ROS-Stimulated Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Pathway.

Previous studies showed that NaIO3 can induce oxidative stress-mediated retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) damage to simulate age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Lemon peel is rich in antioxidants and components that can penetrate the blood-retinal barrier, but their role in retinal oxidative damage remains unexplored. Here, we explore the protection of lemon peel ultrasonic-assisted water extract (LUWE), containing large amounts of flavonoids and polyphenols, against NaIO3-induced retinal degeneration. We initially demonstrated that LUWE, orally administered, prevented retinal distortion and thinning on the inner and outer nuclei layers, downregulating cleaved caspase-3 protein expression in RPE cells in NaIO3-induced mice. The effect of LUWE was achieved through the suppression of apoptosis and the associated proteins, such as cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase-3, as suggested by NaIO3-induced ARPE-19 cell models. This is because LUWE reduced reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial fission via regulating p-Drp-1 and Fis1 expression. We further confirmed that LUWE suppresses the expression of p-MEK-1/2 and p-ERK-1/2 in NaIO3-induced ARPE-19 cells, thereby providing the protection described above, which was confirmed using PD98059 and U0126. These results indicated that LUWE prevents mitochondrial oxidative stress-mediated RPE damage via the MEK/ERK pathway. Elucidation of the molecular mechanism may provide a new protective strategy against retinal degeneration.

Selective Colorimetric Detection of Pb(II) Ions by Using Green Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles with Orange Peel Extract

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were prepared by using a green approach that employed orange (citrus sinensis) peel water extract (OPE) as a reducing agent. In this case, the organic compounds present in orange peel were able to reduce Au(III) to Au(0) and, at the same time, to act as a capping agent, functionalizing the surface of the AuNPs, stabilizing them in a water solution. This “green” approach valorizes orange peel waste as a resourceful material and makes the synthetic process of AuNPs more environmentally sustainable, safe, and economically feasible than the traditional methods. The obtained gold nanoparticles (AuNPs@OPE) were characterized by FT–IR, DLS, SEM analysis, and UV–Vis spectroscopy; the latter showed a characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 530 nm, typical of spherical gold nanoparticles. The AuNPs@OPE were then tested as colorimetric sensors for heavy metals in water, showing an affinity and selectivity toward Pb2+. In fact, in the presence of Pb2+, the added cation favors the aggregation process, and, in this case, nanoparticles form clusters due to the interactions between Pb2+ and the carboxyl/hydroxyl groups on the surface of the AuNPs@OPE, increasing the size of the nanostructure. This process is accompanied by a change in color of the AuNPs@OPE from pink to violet, with a formation of a second, new SPR band, at a higher wavelength, relative to the aggregate formation. The colorimetric assay was tested at different times with the addition of Pb2+ ions showing different LOD values of 13.31 µM and 0.05 µM after 15 min and 90 min, respectively. The proposed colorimetric assay was also tested for analyzing Pb2+ in drinking water samples demonstrating the reliability to use AuNPs@OPE with real samples.

Water extract of banana peel as a green solvent for extraction of collagen from sardine bone

Water extract of banana peel as a green solvent for extraction of collagen from sardine bone

Synthesis of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of sponge gourd peels and their application for the prevention of mild steel corrosion in saline water

Natural and waste materials could be a successful and economical strategy for saving metals from corrosion because they could easily exchange electrons with the metals through their biomolecules. This work reported the use of waste sponge gourd peels (SGP) for the suppression of mild steel (MS) loss after dipping in 0.5 M NaCl. The water and ethanolic extracts of sponge gourd peels (SGPAE and SGPEE) had been prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Both extracts were found to be loaded with biomolecules. SGPAE was used as an inhibitor, and SGPEE was utilized as a coating. Different concentrations (50–300 mg L−1) of SGPAE were added to 0.5 M NaCl, and SGPEE layers (1–5) were deposited on MS via drop casting and then exposed to salty water. The corrosion testing had been performed by open circuit potential (OCP) monitoring, Tafel polarization curves (TC), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), field ion emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectra (EDX), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The testing had shown that both extracts were effective against MS corrosion. SGPAE had shown maximum inhibition at 200 mg L−1 (75%), and SGPEE had shown maximum protection of 83% for 4 layers. The cause of MS protection by SGP was claimed to be the coverage of MS by the adsorbed molecules (SGPAE) or thin barrier layers of molecules (SGPEE). The reason for protection was also explained through an illustration.

Phytochemical analysis and impact of Citrus hystrix peel water extract on proliferation and migration of skin keratinocytes by activating FAK/Src/MAPK/Akt pathway

Phytochemical analysis and impact of Citrus hystrix peel water extract on proliferation and migration of skin keratinocytes by activating FAK/Src/MAPK/Akt pathway

Enhancement of Human Epidermal Cell Defense against UVB Damage by Fermentation of Passiflora edulis Sims Peel with Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The processing of Passiflora edulis Sims results in large amounts of wasted peel resources and environmental pollution. In order to improve the utilisation of natural plant resources and economic benefits, this study uses Saccharomyces cerevisiae to ferment Passiflora edulis Sims peel to obtain Passiflora edulis Sims peel fermentation broth (PF). The content of active substances in unfermented Passiflora edulis Sims peel water extract (PW) and PF is then determined, as well as their in vitro antioxidant capacity. The protective effects of PF and PW on UVB-induced skin inflammation and skin barrier damage in human immortalised epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells (including cell viability, ROS, HO-1, NQO1, IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, KLK-7, FLG, AQP3 and Caspase 14 levels) are investigated. Studies have shown that PF enhances the content of active substances more effectively compared to PW, showing a superior ability to scavenge free radical scavenging and antioxidants. PW and PF can effectively scavenge excess intracellular ROS, reduce the cellular secretion of pro-inflammatory factors, regulate the content of skin barrier-related proteins and possibly respond to UVB-induced cell damage by inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway. Studies have shown that both PW and PF are safe and non-irritating, with PF exploiting the efficacy of Passiflora edulis Sims peel more significantly, providing a superior process for the utilisation of Passiflora edulis Sims waste. At the same time, PF can be developed and used as a functional protective agent against ultraviolet damage to the skin, thereby increasing the value of the use of Passiflora edulis Sims waste.

Waste cucumber peels for sustainable suppression of Mild steel corrosion in salty water

Waste natural materials have become the preferred choice of scientists for corrosion inhibition of metals due to their cost effectiveness, economic availability, and high biodegradability. In the present report, the water extract of cucumber peel (CWE) is investigated for the protection of mild steel (MS) in salty (0.5 M NaCl) solutions. UV–visible (UVS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy have been used to characterize CWE. It is found based on results that CWE has biomolecules. Tafel polarization curves (TPC), open circuit potential (OCP) curves, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are used to investigate MS corrosion in 0.5 M NaCl with and without different amounts of CWE. The investigation suggests that the MS protection follows the CWE concentration. The maximum protection (44%) is acknowledged at 1000 mg/L of CWE. The surface morphology of MS is analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The MS surface is found to be damaged due to pure NaCl attack. In opposite, the NaCl attack on MS is restricted by CWE. Based on overall investigation, it is claimed that CWE can moderately suppress MS corrosion in salty water.

Valorization of whey proteins and beetroot peels to develop a functional beverage high in proteins and antioxidants.

Adequate protein and antioxidant intake are crucial for everyone, particularly athletes, to promote muscle performance and prevent muscle damage. Whey proteins are high-quality proteins with high digestibility and bioavailability; beetroot peels are an abundant antioxidant source. The present study was designated to develop a functional beverage based on mixing whey protein isolate (5%) with different concentrations of beetroot peel water extract (1, 2.5, and 5%) and flavored with strawberries puree (5%). In addition, we examined the stability of the physicochemical parameters and the bioactive components of the beverages during cold storage (4°C) for 14 days. Whey protein isolates enriched the juices with stable protein content during the storage (4.65-4.69%). Besides, the extract revealed a concentration-dependent effect on the bioactive components, the antioxidant activity, and the microbial load of the juices; it distinguished the fresh juices by high betalains and nitrate content, 87.31-106.44 mg/L and 94.29-112.59 mg/L, respectively. Beverages with 2.5% peel extract (T2) had the preferable sensory attributes compared to control and other treatments. On day 0, phenolics and flavonoids increased in T2 by 44 and 31% compared to the control, which elevated the scavenging activity of the juice (T2) (P < 0.05). At the end of the storage period (14 days), phenolics and flavonoids of T2 recorded their lowest values, 26.23 and 21.75 mg/mL, respectively. However, they stood higher than phenolics (22.21 mg/mL) (p < 0.05) and flavonoids (18.36 mg/mL) (p > 0.05) of control. Similarly, betalains degraded by 45% to reach 47.46 mg/L in T2, which reduced the redness (a*) and increased the yellowness (b*) values. Consequently, whey/strawberry/beetroot peel (5: 5: 2.5 w/v/w) in d.H2O is a functional beverage that provides the body with a high-quality protein and a considerable amount of antioxidants.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and evaluation of their antioxidant activity and potential catalytic reduction activities with Direct Blue 15 or Direct Orange 26.

The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using a water extract of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) root by microwave irradiation and its antibacterial activities have been reported. However, AgNPs prepared from different parts of ginger root water or ethanol extract by ultrasound synthesis and their antioxidant activity and whether the biogenic could be used to catalyze the reduction of hazardous dye are unknown. This study concentrated on the facile green synthesis of AgNPs prepared from different parts (unpeeled ginger, peeled ginger, and ginger peel) of ginger root water or ethanol extract by the ultrasound-assisted method. We studied their antioxidant activity and catalytic degradation of hazardous dye Direct Orange 26 (DO26) and Direct Blue 15 (DB15). The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak of AgNPs was at 428–443 nm. The biogenic AgNPs were approximately 2 nm in size with a regular spherical shape identified from TEM analysis. The ethanol extracts of dried unpeeled ginger and peeled ginger, fresh peeled ginger and ginger peel. The Z. officinale AgNPs synthesized by dried unpeeled ginger ethanol extract showed the best antioxidant activity. Their scavenging activities were significantly better than BHT (p <0.05). The different parts of ginger extracts showed no catalytic degradation activities of DB15 and DO26. Still, the synthesized Z. officinale AgNPs exhibited good catalytic degradation activities, while their ability to catalytic degradation to DB15 was better than DO26. In the additive ratio of 3 mL DB15, 0.1 mL NaBH4 and 0.1 mL AgNPs, the degradation rates of DB15 (or DO26) at 15 min, 30 min and 60 min were only 1.8% (0.9%), 2.8% (1.4%) and 3.5% (1.6%) in the absence of AgNPs. When adding Z. officinale AgNPs prepared from dried ginger peel ethanol extract or fresh ginger peel water extract, the degradation rates of DB15 sharply increased to 97% and 93% after 30 min, respectively. In conclusion, ginger extract has good antioxidant properties. Z. officinale AgNPs biosynthesis from ginger extract exhibit excellent catalytic degradation activities, especially for the ginger peel extract. They have application value in the treatment of textile effluents and provide a new idea and method for the comprehensive development and utilization of ginger resources.

Citrus unshiu Peel Attenuates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice due to Modulation of the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway and MAPK and NF-κB.

Aim Citrus unshiu peel has been used to treat various diseases in traditional East Asian medicine including Korea, and many studies have been reported regarding inflammatory diseases including ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the underlying mechanism by which Citrus unshiu peel modulates inflammation in UC remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanism of Citrus unshiu peel water extract (CUP) for UC. Methods The experiment for UC was conducted with 8-week-old male Balb/c mice. After 1 week of adaptation, acute colitis was induced in all groups except the normal group by 5% DSS dissolved in drinking water for 1 week. Balb/c mice were divided into 5 groups (n = 8/group): control group (Control), distilled water-treated group (DSS), 100 mg/kg sulfasalazine-treated group (SASP), 100 mg/kg CUP-treated group (CUPL), and 200 mg/kg CUP-treated group (CUPH). The efficacy of CUP on UC was evaluated by biochemical analyses such as ROS and MPO in serum and MDA in tissues, and expression of proteins related to inflammation and apoptosis was evaluated through Western blot. Results As a result of confirming the macroscopic changes and H&E staining in colon tissues to confirm the preventive and therapeutic effects of CU, decrease in colon length and inflammatory lesions were inhibited in the CUP-treated group compared to the DSS group. In addition, as a result of serum ROS and tissue MDA analysis and oxidative stress-related protein analysis, it was significantly decreased in the CUP-administered group compared to the control group. In addition, treatment with CUP not only inactivated MAPK, p-IκBα, and NF-κBp65 by blocking the PI3K/Akt pathway but also significantly reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion These results show that CUP not only suppresses oxidative stress in UC but also regulates inflammation-related proteins and apoptotic proteins by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, suggesting that it has the potential as a material for developing new natural therapeutic agents for UC.

Utilization of over matured fruit waste of Spine gourd (Momordica dioca Roxb.) as a source of anthelmintic bioactive constituents

To study the difference in the accumulation of bioactive constituents in Spine gourd (Momordica dioica Roxb.), the changes in its phenolic compounds at mature green (fruit utilized) and ripe red (fruit wasted) stages were analysed, and it was correlated with their antioxidant and anthelmintic potential. The highest total phenolic content was observed in ripe peel ethyl acetate (RPEA), tannins in ripe seed hexane (RSH) and flavonoid in ripe peel ethanol (RPE) extracts. UPLC–MS analysis identified 15 phenolic compounds in the extracts. The highest antioxidant potential was shown by RSH in DPPH (IC50 1.47 mg/ml), RPEA in ABTS (IC50 2.40 mg/ml), and mature peel water (MPeW) extract in FRAP assays (0.58 μg trolox equivalent per g dw). RPE induced the highest anthelmintic activity against Caenorhabditis elegans in egg hatch assay (LC50 - 0.02 mg/ml), and adult worm mortality assay (LC50 -1.44 mg/ml), as well as 100% death of infective juveniles in Heterorhabditis indica (50 mg/ml). Correlation studies and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated the relationship of catechins, quercetin, kaempferol, rutin, and gallic acid to anthelmintic activity. The study showed that the ripe stage of Spine gourd, which gets disposed of as postharvest waste, had better anthelmintic activity, and it can be utilized for the development of food formulations with anthelmintic potential.

Modification and Application of Waste Shaddock Peel as a Green Additive for Water-Based Drilling Fluid

To develop an eco-friendly drilling fluid additive, shaddock peel was modified and was used in water-based drilling fluid in this work. The shaddock peel has obvious effects on rheological properties, filtration, and wall formation of drilling fluid. It also displays the inhibition of clay swelling, while the shaddock peel slurry is easy to ferment, mildew and so on. The performance of the shaddock peel slurry and moldy/fermented shaddock peel slurry in water-based drilling fluid were compared, which shows that the efficiency, such as the AV and PV, decrease obviously by more than 50%. The swelling rate of bentonite in the water extraction of moldy/fermented shaddock peel in 90 min is about 62%, which is obviously higher than the swelling rate of the non-mildew/fermented shaddock peel water extract, 46%. Then preservative was evaluated in shaddock peel slurry modified drilling fluid. The result indicates that the effect of moldy/fermentation on the viscosity and the inhibition of shaddock peel was obviously inhibited by the preservative. The combined sodium benzoate and formaldehyde can protect the shaddock peel slurry from mildew and fermentation, which can keep the performance of shaddock peel slurry in the drilling fluid.

Effect of onion and garlic biowaste on germination and growth of microgreens

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Biowaste of onion and garlic peel is remaining unexploited for their sustainable use having potential as source of organic fertilizer. The present work was intended to investigate biowaste of onion and garlic peel water extract on germination and growth of fenugreek, mustard, falooda and garden cress seeds which could resource as microgreens&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Germination studies in selected seeds are carried out by water extracts of onion and garlic peel.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; As far as growth is concerned variation is observed in all seeds. Significant escalated results were observed in garlic peel extract on fenugreek seeds as compared to other seeds. However, after treatment of onion extract moderate enhancement in growth observed in falooda and garden cress seeds. It is observed that there is no significant influence of treatment on germination of all seeds.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; Onion and garlic peels biowaste can be used as a natural growth enhancer in a sustainable way for growing microgreens of fenugreek and falooda seeds whereas onion and garlic peel extracts could inhibit the growth of Mustard and garden cress seeds.&lt;/p&gt;

Studies on the Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potentials of the Peel Extract of Dacryodes rostrata

Breast cancer is one type of cancer that causes the highest death in women in Indonesia. Alternative herbal-based cancer treatments have been developed, one of which is using fruits. Dacryodes rostrata, a fruit commonly consumed by residents in Kalimantan, is rich in antioxidants such as flavonoids and phenolics. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of water and ethanol extract of D. rostrata peel against T-47D breast cancer cell lines. The fruit extraction was carried out by using maceration method. Antioxidant activity test using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and cytotoxic test using MTT method (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenitetrazolium bromide) assay. The results showed that D. rostrata water and ethanol extract had antioxidant activity with IC50values 121.7 ppm and 59.27 ppm, respectively. While cytotoxic effect on T-47D cells with IC50 values of 322.55 ppm and 143.02 ppm, respectively. This study showed that D. rostrata peel water extract had moderate antioxidant activity and moderate cytotoxic effect against T-47D breast cancer cells in vitro which could be used as a chemo preventive to prevent and inhibit cancer cell growth.

Pengaruh Penambahan Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga (Hylocereus polyrhizus) terhadap Karakteristik Krim Kunyit dan Daun Asam

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dragon fruit peel extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) on the characteristics of turmeric cream and tamarind leaves. The concentration of dragon fruit peel extract treatment consisted of 6 levels, namely 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, so that 18 experimental units were obtained. The variables observed in turmeric cream and tamarind leaves were homogeneity, viscosity, pH, dispersibility, adhesion, and separation ratio, antioxidant capacity, LAB color test. Data were observed and analyzed using a completely randomized design. The results showed that the extract of dragon fruit peel did not affect homogeneous separation ratio, viscosity, spread power, pH and antioxidant capacity, while color testing affected the brightness level of the cream and the yellowish value b. All treatments adding water extract of dragon fruit peel produce turmeric cream and tamarind leaves that are homogeneous, there is no separation, viscosity 6766-6850cP, spread ability 5.9-6.27 cm, adhesion 54.67-72.33s, pH 5.37-5.57, nalia color test values L 38.72 – 46.08, values A 27.41-34.98 values B 31.56-44.65 and antioxidant capacity 91,67-112,17.&#x0D; Keywords: Dragon fruit, turmeric and tamarind leaves, cream characteristics.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticle Using Water Extract of Onion Peel and Application in the Acetylation Reaction

Functional group protections are the key to the synthesis of targeted molecules. In particular, the acetylation reaction is considered as one of the important organic transformations for the preparation of useful products, such as polymers, food additives, cosmetics, medicines and perfumes. Unfortunately, most these methods employed for the acetylation process encompassed the use of acids, bases and hazardous reagents. In this manuscript, a simple and green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is described using water extract of onion peel as reductant. The synthesized AgNPs were then employed as green catalyst in the acetylation of alcohols and amines. In the transmission electron microscopy analysis, the AgNPs were successfully prepared with an average size of 12.5 nm and was found to be in spherical size without any agglomeration being observed. Moreover, the synthesized AgNPs showed remarkable catalytic activity by mediating the synthesis of various acetates and amides in good to excellent yields (72–95% yields). In addition, the synthesized AgNPs are recyclable and can be utilized up to five times for the subsequent reactions, without significant lost in catalytic efficiency (93–95%). The current method offers many benefits such as environmental benign and green chemical process compared to previous works.

AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK AIR KULIT BAWANG MERAH (Allium cepa L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Propionibacterium acnes

Propionibacterium acnes is one of the causes of acne. Shallot peels contain flavonoids, tannins, and saponins which potentially have antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the water extracts of shallot peels have antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and determine the concentration which can inhibit the growth of bacteria Propionibacterium acnes. This research is an experimental study. The research stage begins with the extraction of shallot peels using in the foundation. Antibacterial activity was tested using the diffusion method with the Cup-plate technique. Propionibacterium acnes used as a sample of bacteria, with extract concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40%. Positive controls used are clindamycin 150 mg and negative controls were used dimethyl sulfoxide 1% (v / v). Data were analyzed with a statistical test of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov method. The measurement results inhibition zone of shallot peels water extract with a concentration of 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% of the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes sequentially by 12.8 mm, 13 mm, 14.33 mm and 15.50 mm in the strong category. The measurements of bacterial growth inhibition zone were statistically analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis method gained 0,053 results indicating that the test has a significant effect (P &gt; 0.05) with a decision that means that there is no significant difference between all concentrations.

PENGARUH EKSTRAK AIR KULIT BUAH PISANG AMBON (Musa paradisiaca L.) PADA MODEL HEWAN RESISTENSI INSULIN

Ambon banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) is one kind of banana that its peel has activities as antioxidant. It can control glucose level of blood and preventing complications in diabetes mellitus. This research was aiming to evaluate the effect of banana peel water extract in the decreased blood glucose levels and determining the effective dose in increasing the value of KTTI. This research was done by using animal as a model for insulin resistance, that was induced by lipofundin and fructose oraly during 28 days. Animal’s used were 30 male mice swiss Webster. It was divided into six groups, that were negative control, positive control, standard drug group of Metformin 65 mg/Kg bw, banana peel water extract with the dose 100 mg/Kg bw, 200 mg/Kg bw and 400 mg/Kg bw. The parameter was blood glucose level and KTTI by giving insulin 0,0125U/Kg bw intraperioteneally. The result showed that banana peel water extract with the dose 400 mg/Kg bw was the effective dose with the value of KTTI 1,16.