Water Emulsion Research Articles

Dimer acid used as CO2‐responsive surfactant for reducing viscosity of heavy crude oil

AbstractThe efficacy of CO2‐switchable surfactants in reducing viscosity of heavy crude oil has received widespread attention due to its switchable surface activity for constructing reversible emulsion. However, the intricate synthesis processes of these surfactants pose a significant challenge in their practical application. The present investigation involved the preparation of surfactants that are responsive to CO2, specifically dimer acid (DA)/tetramethylpropylenediamine (TMPDA), through a facile mixing approach. These surfactants were subsequently employed to mitigate the high viscosity of heavy crude oil. The study employed a surface tension meter to examine the surface behavior of DA/TMPDA, which demonstrated the potential for reducing viscosity. The study examined the CO2 responsiveness of DA/TMPDA through the application of alternating CO2 and N2. It confirmed the reversible CO2 responsiveness of the surface activator. The results from the emulsification and viscosity reduction assessments suggest that the amalgamation of DA and TMPDA in a 1:1 molar ratio yielded a surfactant. This surfactant demonstrated favorable stability in water and heavy crude oil emulsions, as well as low viscosity and rapid emulsion breaking upon exposure to CO2. This investigation demonstrates that it is feasible to produce surfactants that are responsive to CO2 and possess the ability to reduce viscosity through a straightforward mixing process. This presents a viable approach to utilizing oligomeric surfactants that are CO2‐responsive for the purposes of emulsifying and breaking down heavy crude oil.

Nature-inspired construction of multifunctional composited membrane by in situ formation TA-APTES NPs for selective adsorption of tetrabromobisphenol a and oil-water separation

In this work, a novel in-situ synthetic TA-APTES NPs multifunctional imprinted membrane was fabricated by tanning-inspired coating for selective adsorption of tetrabromobisphenol a (TBBPA) and oil-water emulsion separation. Tannic acid (TA) from natural plants can be cross-linked with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) by a simple green method to form nanosphere structures with secondary reaction sites. With TA-APTES coating, the membrane can be quickly converted from hydrophobic to super-hydrophilic. TEOS is not only used as a cross-linking agent in imprinting process，but also can be used for TA-APTES hybridization on the membrane surface to introduce stable silicone hydroxyl groups to the membrane surface. The modified membranes showed good hydrophilicity with a water flux of 27,272Lm−2 h−1 at 0.1Mpa, which was 18 times higher than that of pure PVDF membranes. In addition, the separation efficiency of four different types of oil-water emulsions (n-hexane, petroleum ether, dichloromethane and kerosene) reached 99.6%, 98.3%, 95.6%, and 98.7%, respectively. Among them, the oil water emulsion flux of dichloromethane could reach 1000.1. what's more, the prepared membranes also maintained relatively high selective separation efficiencies of TBBPA in oil-water mixtures. To better explain the mechanism of the TBBPA reaction process, the active sites in the TBBPA reaction process were calculated and predicted by density generalization theory (DFT). The Br and phenolic hydroxyl groups on the benzene ring of TBBPA showed higher activity and might be the main reaction sites. In addition, the imprinted composite membranes can be easily regenerated and reused without performance loss through a simple cleaning process. The coating process inspired by natural polyphenol chemistry has the advantage of being green, cost-effective and low energy, showing real potential in multifunctional membrane applications.

Nanocellulose from Cocoa Shell in Pickering Emulsions of Cocoa Butter in Water: Effect of Isolation and Concentration on Its Stability and Rheological Properties.

There is a growing interest in developing new strategies to completely or partially replace cocoa butter in food and cosmetic products due to its cost and health effects. One of these alternatives is to develop stable emulsions of cocoa butter in water. However, incorporating cocoa butter is challenging as it solidifies and forms crystals, destabilizing the emulsion through arrested coalescence. Prevention against this destabilization mechanism is significantly lower than against coalescence. In this research, the rheological properties of nanocellulose from cocoa shell, a by-product of the chocolate industry, were controlled through isolation treatments to produce nanocellulose with a higher degree of polymerization (DP) and a stronger three-dimensional network. This nanocellulose was used at concentrations of 0.7 and 1.0 wt %, to develop cocoa butter in-water Pickering emulsion using a high shear mixing technique. The emulsions remained stable for more than 15 days. Nanocellulose was characterized using attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), hot water and organic extractives, atomic force microscopy (AFM), degree of polymerization (DP), and rheological analysis. Subsequently, the emulsions were characterized on days 1 and 15 after their preparation through photographs to assess their physical stability. Fluorescent and electronic microscopy, as well as rheological analysis, were used to understand the physical properties of emulsions.

Novel polyvinyl chloride ultrafiltration membranes blended with amphiphilic polyethylene glycol-block-poly(1, 2-dichloroethylene) copolymer for oily wastewater treatment

Amphiphilic di-block copolymer consisting of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poly(1,2-dichloroethylene) (PDCE) blocks was synthesized following the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) procedure. The chemical structure of the obtained di-block copolymer PEG-b-PDCE was confirmed by different characterization techniques. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) blend PEG-b-PDCE ultrafiltration (UF) membranes (PVC/PEG-b-PDCE) were prepared using the non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) technique and their characteristics were investigated as a function of the PEG-b-PDCE blending ratio in the casting solution. Water contact angle, permeate flux, and oil–water emulsion separation tests were performed to evaluate the hydrophilic character, permeability and anti-fouling membrane performance. It was found that the presence of PEG-b-PDCE copolymer affected the morphological structure of the membrane showing its good pore-forming capability. The oil rejection ability and anti-fouling properties of the blend membranes were improved by increasing the PEG-b-PDCE content up to 0.075 wt%. Compared to PVC membrane, the blend membrane prepared with 0.075 wt% PEG-b-PDCE exhibited about four times higher permeability with an excellent oil rejection factor, 98.78 %, indicating that the PVC/PEG-b-PDCE blend membranes have high potential in oily wastewater treatment.

Study on Effects of Different Concentration Adjuvants on the Properties of Prochloraz Emulsion in Water Solution Droplets and Deposition

Adjuvants are frequently incorporated into crop protection operations to modulate the droplet characteristics by diminishing the surface tension (ST) and contact angle (CA), thereby positively influencing the wetting and spreading behavior of the droplets. However, there are no quantitative conclusions on the extent to which the amount of adjuvant added affects droplet properties. Therefore, the decision to add spraying adjuvants in actual pesticide spraying operations relies on the operator’s experience. In this study, we investigated the effect of a surfactant additive (KAO A-200) on the droplet properties and deposition of prochloraz emulsion in water (PEW) solution for crop protection in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aerial spraying. Three KAO A-200 additive concentrations of 0.42%, 0.83% and 1.67% and four solution concentrations of 2.5%, 3.33%, 4.17% and 5% of PEW were set to evaluate the droplet properties of PEW solution with ST and CA as assessment indicators. The results show that the average STs of adjuvant solution droplets tended to decrease as the concentration of KAO A-200 increased. According to the optimal concentration, the KAO A-200 addition concentration of 0.83% was therefore determined to be the most appropriate dosage. With the appropriate KAO A-200 dosage condition, the results show that the average STs increased as PEW solution concentration increased, while the average CAs of PEW solution droplets showed a first decreasing and then increasing trend. The “4.17% concentration PEW (22.5 g a.i./1.2 L) + 0.83% concentration KAO A-200” condition was selected as the optimized combination for crop protection UAV field aerial spraying tests. The test showed that the coverage rate of PEW solution droplets on the upper and lower layers of oilseed rape canopy increased by 71.47% and 41.55%, the deposition density increased by 71.91% and 98.45%, and the coefficient of variation in droplet deposition decreased by 44.41% and 48.13%, respectively. These results are significantly better than those obtained without the adjuvant addition.

Designing integrated Janus membrane based on a double-cross-linked polyphenol hydrophilic layer for complex emulsion separation

Efficient separation materials with multifunctional and switchable properties are urgently needed to treat submicron-scale oily droplets. Herein, tannic acid (TA) and polyethylenimine (PEI) were blended with poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and used to coat a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-modified non-woven fabric immersed in a CuSO4/H2O2 coagulation bath. TA and PEI form a phenolamine hydrophilic network that migrates to the surface and firmly binds to the PVDF substrate. CuSO4 catalyses the H2O2 oxidation, promoting the self-polymerisation of phenol hydroxyl group for forming a carboxyl group. Furthermore, the remaining Cu2+ ions complex with TA to form a metal–phenol cross-linked network. A double-cross-linked hydrophilic layer with polyphenols as connection points was formed on the PVDF surface. The hydrophilic contact angle of the membrane reached 0°. A rough structure with PDMS micro-/nanoparticles was constructed on the PVDF underside via surface nanocasting and the hydrophobic contact angle of the membranes reached 165°. In experiments, each side of the obtained Janus membranes demonstrated surface superhydrophilic and superlipophilic properties and a high flux and excellent separation efficiency for various oil–water emulsions. The integrated Janus membranes are suitable for unidirectional liquid collection, oil–water emulsion separation, cationic pigment adsorption and dealing with complex dye–emulsion pollutants. The integrated structure formed by the hydrophilic layer and the membrane enhances the fouling resistance of the membrane and the removal rate of pollutants reached >99 %. This research presents a simple approach to prepare Janus membranes with asymmetric wettability.

Recycling polycarbonate wastes to prepare hydrophobic and super mechanically robust aerogels with excellent oil–water and emulsion separation performance

With the development of our society, plastic pollution is becoming more and more prominent. It is attractive and challenging to recycle plastic wastes to prepare valuable products at low cost. In this study, we report a unique strategy to obtain hydrophobic and super robust aerogels from polycarbonate wastes: (1) 4,4-diaminodibenzomethane is used to decompose polycarbonate (PC) waste, (2) the degradation product is compounded with organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) to gel up through sol–gel transition, (3) solvent exchange and ambient-drying are performed to obtain the final aerogel samples. The addition of OMMT not only promotes the ring opening of the oxazine rings in the polymer matrix and the gelation rate of the system, but also strengthen the prepared aerogels due to the formation of stronger honeycomb network structure as a result of hydrogen bonding between OMMT and polymer matrix. The resulting aerogels can withstand up to 46,000 times its own weight and exhibits superb hydrophobic properties with contact angle up to 146.2°, as well as being suitable for use in a wide range of pH values. Besides, the aerogels possess good capacity for continuous oil–water separation, whose oil absorption performance does not deteriorate perceptibly after 50 cycles of oil absorption and degreasing. The aerogel obtained by this simple method not only has superb mechanical properties, hydrophobic properties, and oil–water emulsion separation, but also has many potential industrial applications and, most importantly, solves the waste disposal dilemma.

Effect of adding gelatin on the stability of water in water emulsions formed by mixtures of amylopectin and guar gum

Stable water in water (W/W) emulsions of guar rich droplets dispersed in an amylopectin rich continuous phase (G/A) and the inverse (A/G) can be achieved by adding gelatin and inducing microphase separation of the latter by cooling. In this research, the effect of gelatin on the emulsion stability was further studied by storing the emulsions at 10, 20 and 25 °C. The visual aspect, the microstructure, and the viscosity of the emulsions were investigated at different times during storage at different temperatures and pH. It was found that depending on the conditions, the gelatin phase wetted the interface or formed small discrete microdomains that adsorbed at the interface and dispersed in the bulk phases. The observed differences in morphology and stability are related to the interplay of the rates of aggregation, phase separation of gelatin, which itself depend on the gelatin concentration, temperature and pH. Emulsions could be prepared in this manner that were stable for at least one week and remained visually homogeneous. We believe that this is a promising method to stabilize W/W emulsions as long as the components of the emulsion are incompatible with aggregated gelatin.

Effect of Added Acrylate Demulsifier for Increasing Antioxidants Functional in Diesel Fuel Oil

Biodiesel is produced by an esterification process with hygroscopic chemicals, otherwise the biodiesel is very easy to produce water, and the hydrocarbon compounds were easily oxidized, causing corrosion in the stockpiling process such as in storage tanks and distribution pipes. Antioxidants have been shown to reduce the formation of water in the biodiesel stockpiling process. While the demulsifier plays a role in helping to separate water and oil. In this study, the addition of an acrylate-based demulsifier in the accumulation of biodiesel-containing antioxidants was carried out. The antioxidant used in the form of tertiary butylhydroquinone with a concentration of 0.5 M has been able to play an active role in inhibiting the formation of water in the biodiesel stockpiling process. However, the stability of the water and oil emulsion has not been achieved properly, therefore the addition of an acrylate-based demulsifier with a volume of 2 mL, 5 mL, and 10 mL into 100 mL biodiesel can separate oil and water well. The biodiesel that has been added with a demulsifier is evaluated at storage times of 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours. The result is that the storage for 72 hours is more effective in separating water and oil than storage for 24 hours and 48 hours. To evaluate the water content in the biodiesel stockpiling process out using 831 KF Coulometric and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis.

Easy preparation of wood-base membrane with fouling resistance in complex environments for efficient oil–water emulsion separation

Easy preparation of wood-base membrane with fouling resistance in complex environments for efficient oil–water emulsion separation

Study on atomization mechanisms and spray fragmentation characteristics of water and emulsion butachlor.

Agricultural chemicals are commonly used to control pests and weeds, but cause pesticide waste problems. Oil-based emulsions are often used as pesticide formulations to improve pesticide utilization. In this study, the spray visualization experiment of the water and oil-based emulsion butachlor is carried out using an ST flat fan nozzle at 0.1-0.5 MPa pressure. The dimensionless method is used to analyze the difference in liquid sheet fragmentation morphology and disintegration process and the influence of different fragmentation methods on droplet size. It is found that the hydrophobic components in pesticide have a significant effect on the morphology and process of atomization fragmentation. When spray liquid is water, the liquid sheet breaks up into liquid ligaments due to the Rayleigh instability, then the ligaments break up into droplets. The side view of a liquid sheet is a large-amplitude wave disturbance. When the spray liquid is the emulsion butachlor, holes are generated on the liquid sheet, then the holes break up into droplets. The fragmentation method of emulsion spray is the perforation mechanism. Compared with water spray, the presence of the pesticide butachlor increases the droplet size and spray angle and improves the uniformity of droplet size distribution but reduces the breakup length. The spray angle shows a power law dependence of the Weber number with a power of 0.17 for all conditions tested here. At 0.3 MPa, DV50 increases 25%, and span decreases from 1.187 to 1.172. This study could provide reference for the addition of agricultural additives, the improvement of spray operation efficiency, and the establishment of spray fragmentation mechanism.

Hydrophobization of petf-surfaces for water-in-oil emulsions separations

The technique of poly(ethylene terephthalate) track-etched membranes (PETF TMs) modification to increase of water-in-oil emulsions separations is developed. The water-in-oil emulsions separations by using PETF TMs with regular pore geometry and pore sizes 200 and 350 nm is described in the article. PETF TMs were modified with octadecyltrichlorosilane by spin-coating method to increase their hydrophobic properties. The results of changes in the pore diameters and the contact angle after PETF TMs modification are presented. The obtained samples were characterized by AFM, SEM and gas permeability test. Chloroform–water and n-hexadecane–water emulsions have been used as a test liquid for water-in-oil emulsions separations. At an operating vacuum of 700 mbar, the specific filtration performance of chloroform: water emulsions were 51.5 and 932.0 l/(m2 ⋅ h), hexadecane: water were 46.1 and 203.4 l/(m2 ⋅ h) for PETF-200 / OTS and PETF-350 / OTS, respectively. The degree of purification of emulsions by modified membranes according to the refractive index is of 100 %. Obtained membranes can be used to separate oil-water emulsions in order to prevent the corrosion of pipelines and changes of crude oil viscosity, as well as the treatment of water purification from oil industry waste.

Emulsion-assisted polyaniline grown on molybdenum diselenide nanoflowers for efficient counter electrode application in dye-sensitized solar cells

ABSTRACT Molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) is often composed with conducting polymers like polyaniline (PANI) to lower the stacking and increase the active sites for catalysis. The method of polymerization and the concentration of monomer play a significant role in the growth of PANI nanostructures over the MoSe2 surface. Here, MoSe2-PANI nanocomposites have been synthesized with different molar concentrations of the monomer in the emulsion of chloroform and distilled water using ammonium persulfate (APS) as the initiator. The increased surface area of the composite MPAN (1:1) compared to pristine MoSe2, as observed from the FESEM and BET study, is fruitful for counter-electrode application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). The lower Rct values for the MPAN (1:1) and increased current in cyclic voltammetry further approved the suitability of the MoSe2-PANI as a counter electrocatalyst. The counter electrodes against N719 dye-sensitized TiO2 photoanode in DSSC yielded the best results for MPAN (1:1), generating an efficiency of 6.45%.

The effect of α-tocopherol incorporated into different carriers on the oxidative stability of oil in water (O/W) emulsions.

The effect of the antioxidant activity of α-tocopherol incorporated into different carriers on the oxidative stability of oil in water emulsion was investigated. The antioxidant activity of free and encapsulated α-tocopherol was measured in a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl reaction. Apart from α-tocopherol micelles, the samples showed similar antioxidant activity. The number of primary oxidation products in the emulsion with tocopherol liposomes and niosomes was lower than in the emulsion with micelles. During storage, the lipid peroxides gradually increased, whereas in emulsion with no α-tocopherol carriers added they remained constant. The content of the conjugated dienes first increased, and after 14 days at the end of testing time it remained stable in both types of emulsions. Our results might suggest that α-tocopherol when encapsulated into carriers exhibits lower antioxidant activity. The results obtained could be due to the better solubility of α-tocopherol in lipid droplets and thus the lower availability for the interfacial region, which is thought to be the place of the most pronounced lipid oxidation.

Laboratory Studies on the Separation of Various Oil–Water Emulsions in a High-Frequency Electromagnetic Field

Laboratory Studies on the Separation of Various Oil–Water Emulsions in a High-Frequency Electromagnetic Field

Innovating superparamagnetic chitosan hybrid nanoparticles for a high-efficiency separation of oil from oil–water emulsions

Abstract In an era marked by rapid industrialization and heightened automobile usage, the demand for crude oil has surged, inducing ecological degradation and resource depletion. Effective management of intricate oily wastewater presents a formidable challenge. While diverse methods like gravity separation, centrifugation, and membrane techniques are employed for oil-water separation, gravity separation is the prevailing choice, yet limited to unstable emulsions. These methods often involve toxic substances harmful to marine life. Our research focuses on separating oil microemulsions in aqueous solutions. This study explores the application of superparamagnetic chitosan coagulants, revealing an optimal 10 ml dosage for peak efficiency. Aiming for rapid oil separation, we achieved a breakthrough with just 30 minutes, establishing a new benchmark. Rigorous VSM testing solidified the particles' magnetic capabilities, augmented through size reduction. Notably, at a 15% oil concentration, a remarkable 99.26% efficiency in oil separation was achieved, offering potential in microbiology, medicine, and drug delivery systems.

Preparation of a composite of polyacrylate and nano‐SiO2 particles and evaluation of its performance of oil–water mixture treatment

AbstractTo acquire a material with simultaneous oil–water emulsion demulsification and oil‐absorbing performance, SiO2 nanoparticles were introduced into the acrylate polymerization system to prepare oil absorbent SiO2/P (SMA‐co‐MMA‐co‐BA) (PSA‐SiO2). PSA‐SiO2 was synthesized from monomers and functional materials, including methyl methacrylate (MMA), butyl acrylate (BA), octadecyl methacrylate (SMA) and SiO2 hydrophobically modified by vinyltrimethoxysilane. The molecular structure of PSA‐SiO2 was characterized by FT‐IR, and its morphology was observed using scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the optimal synthesis conditions for the polymerization system, such as the monomer ratio, the amount of crosslinker and stabilizer and then the particle size and dose of SiO2, were discussed in detail. PSA‐SiO2 had a decent oil absorbency for pure halogenated and aromatic hydrocarbons (49.10, 56.41, 47.32, 43.45, 36.22, and 30.14 g/g for CH2Cl2, CHCl3, CCl4, C2Cl4, toluene and styrene, respectively). Furthermore, SiO2, as a functional material, makes composites that possess excellent demulsification properties for oil‐in‐water emulsions. The oil removal efficiency of CHCl3 in Tween 80‐stabilized and CTAB‐stabilized emulsions were 94.88% and 98.11%, respectively. All results indicated that PSA‐SiO2 had valuable potential for oil removal and emulsion treatment.Highlights An organic–inorganic composite was synthesized by suspension polymerization. The composite was applied for absorbing pure oil or removing oil form water. By modification, the composite acquired the demulsification ability. The composite accomplished one‐step demulsification and emulsion treatment. The oil absorption and emulsion treatment could achieve at room temperature.

Tuning of Morphology and Surface Properties of Porous Silicones by Chemical Modification

The behavior of materials against water is a key element in many practical applications. Silicones are hydrophobic by nature and can be chemically modified to become hydrophilic or highly hydrophobic, while combining intrinsic surface properties with morphological details may lead to superhydrophobic materials. Chemically modified porous silicones and their surface properties have rarely been investigated. Our aim in this study was to tune the surface properties of porous silicone materials by a combination of chemical modification and emulsion templating The porous silicones were obtained by two cross-linking reactions in toluene–water emulsion, in mild conditions: dehydrocoupling of poly(methylhydrogen)siloxane (PMHS) and dimethyl-methylhydrogensiloxane copolymers and UV-initiated thiol-ene addition on a poly(dimethyl-methylvinyl)siloxane, respectively. Apart from the pores generated by water droplets, in the first process, additional large pores appeared due to hydrogen evolution. Their size and number diminished along with the cross-linking degree; thus, the porosity was tuned by adjusting the composition of the reaction mixture. Chemical modifications were performed in situ to introduce more hydrophobic groups (hexane and trimethylsilane) or hydrophilic groups (thioethanol), modifications that were followed by FT-IR spectroscopy. The inner morphology and powder wetting behavior of the crushed samples were investigated by SEM, tensiometry analyses, and contact angle measurements. The materials showed morphological particularities and surface properties that spanned from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic with lotus or petal effects.

Size distribution of migrating particles and droplets under gravity in concentrated dispersions measured with static multiple light scattering

HypothesisLight scattering techniques can provide a non-intrusive measurement of particle and droplet size distribution but are limited to relatively diluted liquid dispersions. Measurement of particle velocity distributions (PVD) and particle/droplet size distributions (PSD) in diluted to highly concentrated solid suspensions and emulsions can be performed by coupling the static multiple light scattering technique (SMLS) to mathematical models describing the vertical motion under gravity of polydisperse particles and droplets. ExperimentsMeasurement of the PSD using SMLS was performed on silica particles dispersed in water with monomodal, bimodal and trimodal PSDs ranging from 570 nm and 7.90 µm. Quasi-monodisperse certified latex particles with 815 nm mean diameter dispersed in water and non-controlled emulsions of hexadecane-water emulsions at volume fractions ranging from 0.005 % to 20 % were also characterized with SMLS. These measurements were compared to certified size distributions, and to laser diffraction and dynamic light scattering measurements. FindingsRobust, highly resolutive and concentration-dependent measurement of the PVD and PSD of solid particles and droplets was achieved for diluted to highly concentrated liquid dispersions. As interactions between particles or droplets are dependent on the dispersed phase concentration, accurate characterization of as-formulated industrial liquid dispersions can be performed with SMLS.

Curcumin clarithromycin nano-form a promising agent to fight Helicobacterpylori infections

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the main cause of gastric diseases. However, the traditional antibiotic treatment of H. pylori is limited due to increased antibiotic resistance, low efficacy, and low drug concentration in the stomach. This study developed a Nano-emulsion system with ability to carry Curcumin and Clarithromycin to protect them against stomach acidity and increase their efficacy against H. pylori. We used oil in water emulsion system to prepare a novel Curcumin Clarithromycin Nano-Emulsion (Cur-CLR-NE). The nano-emulsion was validated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique, zeta potential; transmission electron microscopy (mean particle size 48 nm), UV–visible scanning and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The in vitro assay of Cur-CLR-NE against H. pylori was evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration (12.5 to 6.26 µg/mL), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and anti-biofilm that showed a higher inhibitory effect of Cur-CLR-NE in compere with, free curcumin and clarithromycin against H. pylori. The in vivo results indicated that Cur-CLR-NE showed higher H. pylori clearance effect than free clarithromycin or curcumin under the same administration frequency and the same dose regimen. Histological analysis clearly showed that curcumin is highly effective in repairing damaged tissue. In addition, a potent synergistic effect was obvious between clarithromycin and curcumin in nano-emulsion system. The inflammation, superficial damage, the symptoms of gastritis including erosion in the mouse gastric mucosa, necrosis of the gastric epithelium gastric glands and interstitial oedema of tunica muscularis were observed in the positive control infected mice and absent from treated mice with Cur-CLR-NE.