Water Drip Research Articles

How the climate shapes stalagmites—A comparative study of model and speleothem at the Sofular Cave, Northern Turkey

Understanding how stalagmites grow under changing climate conditions is of great significance for their application as a paleoclimate archive. In this study, we present a shape modeling approach to stalagmite growth by combining three existing models accounting for climate variables, karst water chemistry, and speleothem deposition. The combined model requires only four input parameters: calcium concentration of the water drop, drip interval, cave temperature, and cave carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration. Using the output of the coupled atmosphere–ocean–land surface model MPI-ESM1.2 and the CaveCalc model for speleothem chemistry, we simulated stalagmite growth at Sofular Cave, Northern Turkey, (in the last 25 kyr) and compared the results to those of the existing So-1 stalagmite from the same cave. This approach allows simulating, completely independent of measured boundary conditions, a stalagmite geometry that follows the trend of the experimental data for the growth rate, with input parameters within the respective error ranges. When testing the sensitivity of the individual model parameters, the model suggests that the stalagmite radius mainly depends on the drip interval, whereas the growth rate is driven by the calcium concentration of the water drop. The model is also capable of showing some basic phenomena, like a decrease in growth rate (as observed in the real stalagmite), as CO2 concentration in the cave increases. The coupling of input parameters for the model to climate models represents the first attempt to understand an important climate archive in its shape and isotope content and opens the possibility for a new inverse approach to paleoclimate variables and model constraints.

Effect of irrigation commutative flow technology on reducing deposition and improving anticlogging performance of a flat labyrinth drip pipe

Abstract This paper proposes a commutative flow technology of drip irrigation in a looped pipe network. Switching the flow direction of the drip irrigation pipe can improve the flow velocity in the lateral, consequently washing up the sediment deposited in the lateral and flow channel of the emitter. Thus, this technology can reduce sediment deposition and prevent blockage of the drip irrigation pipe. To verify the effectiveness of the commutative flow technology, the drip irrigation experiment was conducted, and the unidirectional flow technology experiment was the control. At the end of the tests, the emitter average relative discharge (Dra) of the commutative and unidirectional flow drip irrigation pipes decreased to 92.8 and 62.9%, the emitter blocking rate was 7.7 and 35.9%, respectively; the total amount of sediment deposited in the commutative flow lateral was 37.5% of that in the unidirectional flow lateral. Compared with the unidirectional flow technology, the commutative flow technology could significantly mitigate the decline rate of flow discharge, and effectively reduce the emitter blockage rate and the lateral sediment amount. Thus, the application of the commutative flow technology in the drip irrigation field pipe network can improve irrigation quality and promote the development of muddy water drip irrigation.

Economic analysis of the production of commercial vegetables with saline water drip irrigation in naturally ventilated polyhouse

Production of vegetables under protected cultivation is necessary to meet the continuous demand across the seasons. Due to the capital and labour-intensive nature of the polyhouse technology, majority of Indian farmers with small and marginal category (>85%) cannot afford it. On the other hand, 6.73 million hectare land area in India is affected by salinity, which hampers crop production hence the area under vegetable cultivation is shrinking as the majority of vegetables are sensitive to salinity stress. This study was undertaken to assess the effect of saline water drip irrigation on production of capsicum, green chilli and tomato crops in naturally ventilated polyhouse. The economic analysis revealed that the estimated cost of polyhouse construction (300 m2) with drip irrigation system was ?4,71,563 and the overall cost (cost C3) of vegetable production under polyhouse was estimated to be ?2,15,623. Among capsicum, green chilli and tomato crops grown in the polyhouse, overall net returns over cost C3 was highest from tomato followed by capsicum and green chilli. The economic indicators were very encouraging with positive net present value, higher benefit-cost ratio, higher internal rate of returns, and shorter payback period. The investigation also suggests the viability of saline water drip irrigation for commercial cultivation of vegetables in naturally ventilated polyhouse, which is not possible under the natural environment with saline water drip irrigation.

Effects of ridge planting on crop seedlings under saline water drip irrigation

AbstractA field experiment was conducted in northwest China to study the effects of different irrigation water salinity levels on the emergence and growth of corn, sunflower, summer squash, and cowpea. Two tillage systems (flat and ridge planting) and five salinity levels (at 1.7, 4.0, 6.3, 8.6, and 10.9 dS/m) were tested. Compared with flat planting, the soil salinity within 30 cm horizontally from the drip tapes decreased by 15% in the ridge planting system. Ridge planting significantly improved the emergence and growth of crops, which was mainly manifested in higher emergence rates, reduced emergence time, and increased dry biomass, especially under high‐salinity conditions (electrical conductivity of irrigation water >4 dS/m). The electrolytic conductivity of the saturation extract threshold at which corn, sunflower, summer squash, and cowpea endured without reduced emergence rates was 5.8, 5.8, 4.8, and 4.0 dS/m, respectively. Above this threshold, the relative emergence rate decreased by 11%, 16%, 14%, and 20%, respectively. Our results indicate the agronomic benefits of ridge planting, and the soil environment was improved by ridge planting with saline water drip irrigation. In addition, we discuss the crop responses in terms of emergence rates and relative seedling dry biomass in relation to soil salinity. Suggestions for the secure and efficient use of saline water for irrigation in arid regions have been put forward.

Optimization of a Water-Saving and Fertilizer-Saving Model for Enhancing Xinjiang Korla Fragrant Pear Yield, Quality, and Net Profits under Water and Fertilizer Coupling

To develop an optimal irrigation and fertilization system for Korla fragrant pear in the Xinjiang region, the effects of water and fertilizer coupling on the quality, yield, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), fertilizer partial productivity (PFP), and net profits of Korla fragrant pear under the condition of limited water drip irrigation were studied through field experiments by combining multiple regression analysis and spatial analysis. A comprehensive quality evaluation model of fragrant pear was constructed using the principal component analysis, and 12 quality indices were evaluated comprehensively. The experiment adopted a two-factor crossover design with three irrigation levels (W1: 5250 m3 ha−1, W2: 6750 m3 ha−1, W3: 8250 m3 ha−1), accounting for 60%, 80% and 100% of the ETe (where ETe denotes evapotranspiration under sufficient water supply for crops); four fertilizer application levels (F1: 675 kg ha−1, F2: 750 kg ha−1, F3: 825 kg ha−1, F4: 900 kg ha−1), designated F80%, F90%, F100%, and F110%, respectively; and 12 treatments. The results showed that the overall quality of fragrant pear was improved based on the integrated quality of pear. Four principal components were extracted through the fragrant pear comprehensive quality evaluation model, and their cumulative contribution was 89.977%; the best comprehensive quality was obtained in the W3F2 treatment and the worst comprehensive quality in the W1F1 treatment. The spatial analysis showed that when the irrigation range is 7484–8250 m3 ha−1 and the N-P2O5-K2O fertilization range is (181-223-300)–(200-246-332) kg ha−1, the comprehensive quality, yield, IWUE, PFP, and net profits of fragrant pear can reach > 85% of the maximum value. These results provide a scientific basis for water and fertilizer management of fragrant pear orchard with drip irrigation in Korla, Xinjiang.

Assessing Salmonella prevalence and complexity through processing using different culture methods

Conventional Salmonella surveillance requires a week for isolation, confirmation, and subsequent serotyping. We previously showed that this could be reduced by 24 h by combining the pre-enrichment and enrichment steps into a single selective pre-enrichment step and was tested on directly after picking. The goal of this study was 2-fold: 1) to evaluate the use of selective pre-enrichment through each step of processing, including postintervention when the Salmonella load is reduced, and 2) to assess any changes in serovar populations in Salmonella positive samples. Duplicate carcass drip samples, each representative of 500 broiler carcasses, were collected by catching processing water drip under moving carcass shackle lines in each of three commercial broiler slaughter plants. Samples were collected post-pick, post-inside-outside bird wash (IOBW), and post-chill; duplicate wing rinses were performed pre- and post-antimicrobial parts dip. Each processing plant was sampled 6 times for a total of 180 samples collected. The number of Salmonella positives identified with selective pre-enrichment conditions (48/180) was similar to traditional selective enrichment culture conditions (52/180), showed good concordance in recovery rate between the 2 culture methods (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.72). We also found that the incidence of Salmonella reduced dramatically after antimicrobial intervention (post-pick 66.7% vs. post chill 8.3%). When serovar populations were evaluated in Salmonella positive samples using CRISPR-SeroSeq, we detected four different Salmonella serovars, Kentucky, Infantis, Schwarzengrund, and Typhimurium, and their incidence rose between post-pick and post-IOBW. The relative abundance of Infantis within individual samples increased between post-pick and post-IOBW while the relative abundance of the other 3 serovars decreased. These results suggest that a selective pre-enrichment step reduces the time required for Salmonella isolation without negatively affecting detection and serovar profiles in culture positive samples were not altered between culture conditions used.

Compounding with humic acid improved nutrient uniformity in drip fertigation system using brackish water: The perspective of emitter clogging

Brackish water drip irrigation (BWDI) is an effective application to overcome the water scarcity issues and achieve sustainable agriculture development. However, emitter clogging and soil salinization is inevitable issue in BWDI, eventually threatening the environmental pollution and sustainable application of drip irrigation systems. Therefore, this study experimentally assessed the anti-clogging efficacy of compounding appropriate types of humic acid (HA) with conventional fertilizer in BWDI systems (BWDIs). Humic acid nitrogen (HAN), humic acid phosphate (HAP), humic acid potassium (HAK), were compounded with conventional fertilizers. Our results revealed, compared with conventional fertilizer (CK) the HA treatments indirectly affected the precipitates and particulate fouling by absorbing the active functional groups, and directly decreased the pH, calcium and magnesium contents in brackish irrigation water. Accordingly, HA compound fertilizer significantly reduced the fouling content of drip irrigation system, and the anti-clogging effect became better with the increase of HA application. Thus, based on better anti-clogging performance and minimum fertilizer costs, our results suggested, the HAN+HAK integrated fertigation could be an effective selection for BWDIs, which significantly enhanced the average discharge ratio and Christiansen coefficient of nutrient uniformity in BWDIs by 16.0% and 19.0% respectively. These results might provide a new guideline for the successful application of HA compound fertilizer in BWDIs, to increase the drip irrigation anti-clogging ability and overcome the agricultural non-point source pollution issues.

Chelated copper reduces yet manganese fertilizer increases calcium-silica fouling in brackish water drip irrigation systems

Water scarcity and deficiency of trace elements (e.g., Cu and Mn) in soils of arid and semi-arid areas are major constrains to crop growth and development. The application of brackish water drip irrigation system (BWDIs), coupled with trace elements, is probably an effective way to solve this problem. However, fouling problems caused by trace elements in BWDIs were inevitable. Therefore, this paper evaluates the mechanism of different types of trace element chelated fertilizers on the fouling of emitters in BWDIs by using long-period, high-frequency periodic flow monitoring and mineral fraction analysis. The influence of chelated fertilizers such as copper (EDTA-Cu) and manganese (EDTA-Mn), and traditional micro-fertilizers copper sulfate (CuSO4) and manganese sulfate (MnSO4) on emitter fouling in BWDIs were investigated. Results suggested, compared with CK, the EDTA-Cu effectively alleviated the emitter fouling, increasing the average discharge ratio (Dra) and Christiansen coefficient of uniformity (CU) by 21.0%− 28.9% and 36.7%− 67.6%, respectively. Due to the strong adsorption ability, EDTA-Cu adsorb the Ca2+ and Mg2+ in BWDIs, which enhanced the structural stability, reduced the flocculation and deposition ability in the fouling, and indirectly reduced the content of calcium and silica fouling. In addition, compared with CK, the EDTA-Mn significantly aggravated the emitter fouling in BWDIs, decreasing the Dra and CU by 18.2%− 22.5% and 24.5%− 43.1% respectively. EDTA-Mn directly increased the content of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in BWDIs due to strong flocculation, which destroyed the morphology of EDTA-Mn chelates and indirectly increased the content of calcium silica fouling (calcite, muscovite, k-feldspar, dolomite and chlorite), thus reduced the anti-clogging ability of BWDIs. Considering these results, this study does not recommend the application of EDTA-Mn for manganese fertilizer in BWDIs. This study provides a new perspective on the rapid application of micronutrient fertilization in BWDIs, with potential implications for sustainable development in arid and semi-arid areas.

Effect of Supplementation With Selenium-Yeast on Muscle Antioxidant Activity, Meat Quality, Fatty Acids and Amino Acids in Goats.

The objective of this study was to observe the effects of selenium-yeast (SY) on growth performance, muscle antioxidant activity, meat quality, fatty acid and amino acid profiles in growing goats. A total of 18 Qianbei-pockmarked goats were assigned to three groups (six duplicates per group) by body weight (25.75 ± 1.75 kg; mean ± standard deviation) according to a completely randomized design: (1) basal diet (CON); (2) CON with 2.4 mg/kg SY (LS); and (3) CON with 4.8 mg/kg SY (HS). The results indicated that goats receiving SY did not show any differences (P > 0.05) in terms of dry matter intake, growth performance, or muscle chemical composition. In addition, dietary treatment did not affect (P > 0.05) the pH values (pH45min and pH24h), percentage of water loss, drip loss, or cooking loss. The HS group showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the dressing percentage, eye muscle area and meat color, as well as muscle total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity levels, whereas it showed a significant drop (P < 0.05) in shear force and muscle malondialdehyde levels relative to the control. Feeding 4.8 mg/kg SY led to a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the levels of C8:0, C14:0, C15:0, C16:0, C17:0, C18:0, C20:0 and total saturated fatty acids, whereas it led to a significant (P < 0.05) increase in C15:1 in comparison with that of the control group. Goats receiving 2.4 mg/kg SY had significantly (P < 0.05) increased C16:1, C17:1, C18:1n7, C18:2n6, C18:3n3, C20:4n6, C22:1n9, and PUFA relative to the control group. Compared with the control group, the treatment groups had higher (P < 0.05) levels of C18:1n9, C22:4, and monounsaturated fatty acids. The inclusion of 2.4 mg/kg SY induced significant (P < 0.05) increases in 4-aminobutyric acid, glutamic acid and umami amino acid concentrations compared to the control. In addition, the feeding of 4.8 mg/kg SY had significantly higher (P < 0.05) muscle serine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, ornithine hydrochloride, methionine, and tyrosine levels than the control group. Collectively, Se supplementation in the diet did not affect growth performance, muscle chemical composition, whereas it could improve meat quality, muscle antioxidant activity, fatty acid and amino acid profiles in Qianbei-pockmarked goats. This showed that the optimal accession SY level was 4.8 mg/kg under the experimental conditions of this study.

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Stalk Lodging Resistance Traits in Summer Maize

Stalk lodging in Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize is a serious problem that reduces maize yields and precludes the use of mechanical grain harvesting equipment. In order to determine the effect of nitrogen management on the lodging resistance of maize stalk, three nitrogen application rates of 150, 250, and 350 kg ha−1 (denoted as N150, N250, and N350), and different nitrogen application periods (sowing, 6-leaf, 12-leaf, silking) were set. Plant morphology, stalk mechanical strength, total carbohydrate, nitrogen content, and yield were measured in the different treatments. The results showed that as the nitrogen application rate increased and nitrogen application was postponed, the stalk breaking force, plant height, ear height, center of gravity height, stalk basal internode diameter, rind penetration strength, content of carbohydrate, and total N of maize stalk also increased. The stalk lodging resistance was improved by the increased nitrogen application rate and postponed nitrogen application by increasing the stalk material accumulation and mechanical strength. The nitrogen application rates had no significant effect on grain yield. Under N250 and N350, the treatments with no base fertilizer significantly decreased the kernel number per ear, reflected in some in grain yield. In summary, under the conditions of integrated water and fertilizer drip irrigation and fractional nitrogen fertilizer applications, increased nitrogen fertilizer input can stimulate the growth of high-quality maize populations, significantly improve stalk lodging resistance in the early growth stage, delay stalk senescence, improve stalk strength and influence stalk composition in later growth stages. Based on the summer maize grain yield and stalk lodging resistance, under N250 treatment, a base fertilizer combined with topdressing at the 12-leaf and silking stages was beneficial to the growth of summer maize.

Pilot electrochemical prevention of reclaimed water irrigation clogging: Function interactions and microbial metabolism

Clogging is a critical issue for unconventional water irrigation. Here, we report an in situ pilot electrochemical device to efficient prevent and control clogging induced from a reclaimed water drip irrigation system. The low-voltage electrochemical up-flow reactor (905 L) was connected with a drip irrigation performance test platform setting up light and heavy clogging degrees for the continuous operation over 624 h. The fluctuation of water quality indicators (pH, alkalinity, hardness, Cl−) displayed positive treatment effect on chemical clogging, and the sterilization rate was as high as 98.42%. Treated water circulated the whole system that maintained a discharge ratio variation (Dra) of 84.7%, and Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CU) of 95.4% in light clogging meanwhile recovered 32.5% and 14.9% in heavy clogging, respectively. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) revealed interactions between water quality indices and microorganisms in reclaimed water. Especially, Cl− was closely related to microorganisms at the initial stage (<336 h) while pH and alkalinity occupied an obvious effect at the 672 h. In addition, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database systematically reflected the metabolic shift of planktonic cells under electrochemical treatment, further revealing antimicrobial and antifouling mechanisms of bio-clogging. Downregulation of biosynthesis of oxidative phosphorylation, ABC transporters and ribosomes indicated the gradually reduced cytoactive of microorganisms. The dramatic downregulation of cell motility evidenced the weakened ability of cells to translocate onto a solid substrate surface.

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The present study aimed to investigate the comparative growth performance and the eco-physiological response of tree species grown under intensive silvicultural management practices (Water management, drip fertigation, pruning, and thinning operations). The tree plantation was established in October, 2017 and maintained at Forest College and Research Institute, Mettupalayam, Coimbatore, India (11° 19’ N and 77°56’ E), with an altitude of 300 m above MSL and mean annual rainfall of 920.5 mm. The study was carried out with 3m x 2m in 7 different tree species namely Neolamarckia cadamba, Acrocarpus fraxinifolius, Grewia tiliaefolia, Melia dubia, Tectona grandis, Swietenia macrophylla, and Dalbergia sissoo. The biometric (Height and Diameter at Breast Height), biochemical (Chlorophyll) and physiological parameters (Photosynthesis rate and Transpiration rate) were measured at different ages under field conditions. The tree species namely Neolamarckia cadamba, Melia dubia, and Tectona grandis recorded the highest biometric observations, chlorophyll, photosynthesis rate, and transpiration rate. It is interesting to note that, even though Tectona grandis is a long rotation tree crop, the tree perform superior growth performance in early stages. Swietenia macrophylla showed poor performance in both the biometric and physiological parameters. The present study recommended that planting fast-growing tree species with short rotation can yield maximum biomasscompared to the long rotation trees if the tree plantation is appropriately managed with intensive silvicultural operations.

Effect of Hot Water Drip Irrigation Treatment of Continuous Cropping Soil Before Replanting on Growth and Yields of Young Japanese Pear Trees

Effect of Hot Water Drip Irrigation Treatment of Continuous Cropping Soil Before Replanting on Growth and Yields of Young Japanese Pear Trees

Interpolyelectrolyte Complex Chitosan – Alginate for Soil Structuring

The interpolyelectrolyte complex of the composition [chitosan]:[alginate] = [1]:[4] was prepared by mixing a hydrochloric acid solution of cationic polyelectrolyte chitosan and an aqueous solution of anionic polyelectro-lyte sodium alginate. The complex of chitosan and sodium alginate biopolymers was first used as a soil structurizer. Due to low humus and light mechanical composition, the dark chestnut soil of the dry-steppe zone of the East Kazakhstan region is subjected to erosion. Introducing a polymer complex into the specified soil contributed to the improvement of wind resistance, an increase in humidity, and a decrease in water per-meability. The soil surface treated with a complex of biopolymers showed pronounced resistance to the action of planar and trickle water erosion due to aggregation of particles with a diameter of &lt; 0.01 mm. The fraction of soil particles obtained by mechanical destruction of structured aggregates with a diameter of 3-1 mm has a well-expressed ability to self-aggregate during the humidification - drying process. The results of the vegeta-tion and field experience in tillage with an interpolyelectrolyte complex showed a positive effect of the com-plex on the growth and development of radish of the Rubin variety and, as a result, an increase in radish yield by 2 times was achieved. The obtained results indicate the effectiveness of the structuring action of the chi-tosan-alginate complex for poorly structured soils.

Remembering Ken Newton

Remembering Ken Newton

Remembering Ken Newton

Remembering Ken Newton

Using saline water drip irrigation and soil matric potential control for tree establishment in coastal saline soil

Soil salinization and freshwater shortage are important factors restricting urban and peri-urban landscaping in coastal regions of China, where rapid industrialization and urbanization have expanded. This study explores saline water resources and soil matric potential control as a part of functional irrigation management to cope with the landscaping on salt-affected soils. A 4-year field experiment was carried out in coastal saline soil of North China, to establish four ornamental tree species (Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Crataegus cuneata, Broussonetia papyrifera, and Diospyros kaki) using saline water with five salinity levels (ECi of 0.8, 3.1, 4.7, 6.3, and 7.8 dS·m−1) by drip irrigation scheduled by yearly-lowered soil matric potential thresholds. Periodic monitoring results show that the survival rates of 100% were observed in the first post-transplant year for all ECi treatments and tree species, but survival rates decreased both as ECi increased and as matric potential thresholds decreased. The DBH, height, and canopy diameter of the surviving trees deteriorated as ECi increased and simultaneously increased each year. The initial soil salinity (ECe > 27 dS·m−1) at the 0–1 m depth decreased to 2.6, 2.1, 2.1, 3.4, and 6.3 dS·m−1 for five ECi treatments, respectively. Severe saline soil was reclaimed to non-saline and mildly saline soils. A performance indicator (PI) combining survival and growth rates was developed and applied to quantitatively assess performance of trees. According to the linear relationship between PI and ECi and the acceptable reduction of PI, F. pennsylvanica, C. cuneata, and B. papyrifera are recommended for landscaping with saline water, with threshold ECi of 6.1, 4.1, and 2.5 dS·m−1, respectively. The sustainability and implications for landscaping of irrigation management are discussed.

Experimental investigations of humidification parameters and transient analysis in a rotating centrifugal humidifier

Evaporative cooling is one of the easiest methods of achieving thermal comfort inside defined space, especially in arid regions. The current work adopts a novel approach in the design and fabrication of a humidifier unit that works on the centrifugal effect. The system consists of a cylindrical mesh that is filled with packing material driven by a motor. The rotating packing cylinder is soaked by the water dripping by gravity. The vortex effect caused by the centrifugal action on the packing allows dispersing the fine water particles in the air. Airblown inside the chamber gets humidified due to the evaporation of water. Output parameters such as evaporation rate (ER), cooling efficiency (HE), coefficient of performance (COP), cooling effect, and specific cooling effect (SCC) are determined for various combinations of air velocities and cylinder speed of rotation. Experiments are carried for both static and dynamic packing conditions. It is found that dynamic packing with 150 rpm and air velocity of 8 m/s gave a superior performance in terms of change in DBT, change in RH, humidification efficiency, and evaporation rate. The system gave a maximum COP of 5.85, an evaporation rate of 0.51 g/s, and a humidification efficiency of 79.23%. Transient analysis indicated that required thermal conditions could be attained in the dynamic case earlier than the static conditions saving both energy and valuable time. Overall, the performance of dynamic packing is superior compared to the stationary packing in terms of higher ΔRH, ΔDBT, humidification efficiency, and evaporation rate.

Rationale for the Soil Water Regime and Drip Irrigation Regulations for Sweet Cherry Seedlings

Rationale for the Soil Water Regime and Drip Irrigation Regulations for Sweet Cherry Seedlings

Selective pre-enrichment method to lessen time needed to recover Salmonella from commercial poultry processing samples

Conventional Salmonella detection is time consuming, often employing a 24-h pre-enrichment step in buffered peptone water (BPW), followed by a 24-h selective enrichment in either Rappaport Vassiliadis (RV) or tetrathionate (TT) broths before streaking onto selective indicator agar. To reduce this time, we sought to optimize pre-enrichment for Salmonella recovery by evaluating the addition of selective chemicals to BPW. Duplicate samples each representative of 500 carcasses were collected by catching processing water drip under moving carcass shackle lines immediately after feather removal in each of nine commercial processing plants. Carcass drip samples were cultured under selective pre-enrichment conditions in parallel with BPW pre-enrichment followed by RV and TT selective enrichment. Addition of bile salts (1 g/L) and novobiocin (0.015 g/L) resulted in Salmonella recovery from 89% samples when plated directly after pre-enrichment compared to 67% recovery in non-selective BPW alone. Salmonella serovar identities were determined using CRISPR-SeroSeq. Overall, serovars matched between selective pre-enrichment and traditional enrichment methods. These data suggest that increasing the selectivity of Salmonella pre-enrichment step may lessen the need for a separate selective enrichment step thereby reducing time required for Salmonella isolation by 24 h.