A hydrogel composite bead soil conditioner with water retention, adsorption and recyclability properties was developed. The core material of the beads was metal organic framework material UIO-66, while the shell material consisted of polydopamine (PDA) and sodium alginate (SA). Characterization techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) were used to analyze and demonstrate the structure and composition of the composites. The water retention experiment and soil water loss experiments showed that the UIO-66@PDA/SA hydrogel composite beads had a water retention rate of 10.96 % after 300 min and a water evaporation rate of less than 1 % in soil within 4 h, indicating good water retention performance. Adsorption experiments showed that the UIO-66@PDA/SA hydrogel composite beads effectively adsorbed methylene blue (MB) with an equilibrium adsorption amount of 213.79 mg/g. This was a 72.6 % increase compared to pure sodium alginate (SA). They had the highest adsorption capacity of 240.79 mg/g at pH=9 and T = 298.15 K, indicating that alkaline conditions favored the adsorption process. The adsorption process followed the Pesudo-second-order model and exhibited characteristics of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. In addition, dynamic adsorption analysis demonstrated that the UIO-66@PDA/SA hydrogel composite beads owned efficient recyclability, and the relative adsorption efficiency remained above 90 % after 4 cycles. This technology offers a cost-effective, uncomplicated, and efficient solution for promoting a healthy soil environment and facilitating agricultural applications.