Reduce Water Consumption Research Articles

Identifying synergistic solutions for the food-energy-water nexus via plastic film mulching cultivation

Food security, water scarcity, and excessive fossil energy use pose considerable challenges to sustainable agriculture. To understand how rain-fed farming systems on the Loess Plateau, China, reconcile yield increases with ecological conservation, we conducted an integrated evaluation based on the denitrification-decomposition (DNDC) model, agricultural statistics data using the Food-Energy-Water (FEW) nexus indicator. The results showed that maize yields with ridge-furrow plastic film mulching (PFM) were 3479, 8942, and 11,124 kg ha−1 under low (50 kg N ha−1), medium (200 kg N ha−1), and high (350 kg N ha−1) nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates, respectively, and that PFM increased yield and water use efficiency (WUE) by 110–253 % and 166–205 % compared to using no mulching (control, CK), respectively. Plastic film mulching also increased net energy (126–436 %), energy use efficiency (81–578 %), energy productivity (100–670 %), and energy profitability (126–994 %), and nitrogen fertilizer, compound fertilizer, and diesel fuel consumption by agricultural machinery were the main energy inputs. The PFM system reduced water consumption during the maize growing season and the green water footprint and gray water footprint decreased by 66–74 % and 44–68 %, respectively. The FEW nexus indicator, based on a high production at low environmental cost scenario, was greater under the PFM system and had the widest spatial distribution area at the medium-N application rate. Among the environmental factors, the nexus indicator was negatively correlated with precipitation (−0.37), air temperature (−0.36), and the aridity index (−0.36), but positively correlated with elevation (0.17). Our results suggest that the PFM system promotes resource-saving while increasing yields and moves dryland agriculture in an environmentally friendly direction, thus promoting the sustainable development of agroecosystems.

A Pilot Study on the Safety and Adequacy of a Novel Ecofriendly Hemodialysis Prescription–Green Nephrology

Hemodialysis (HD) units require large quantities of water. To reduce water consumption without compromising the adequacy and safety of dialysis, we studied a novel HD prescription with high temperature and low flow dialysate. This was a single-center nonrandomized open-label cross-over pilot trial in patients with end-stage kidney disease on maintenance HD. Each participant was subjected to 3 different dialysis prescriptions for 1 month each as follows: (i) normal temperature with normal flow dialysate (NTNF prescription), (ii) high temperature with normal flow dialysate (HTNF prescription), and (iii) high temperature with low flow dialysate (HTLF prescription). The primary outcome, assessed at the end of each dialysis session, was the delivery of "adequate" dialysis, as defined by a single-pool Kt/V (spKt/V)≥1.2. Outcomes were evaluated by comparing the NTNF and HTLF prescriptions. A total of 863 sessions of HD were performed in 30 patients over 3 months, with 287 to 288 sessions in each of the 3 dialysis prescriptions. The primary outcome was not significantly different between the NTNF prescription (202 sessions [70.14%]) and the HTLF prescription (198 sessions [68.75%]) (odds ratio, 1.07; 95% confidence interval, 0.75 to 1.52; P= 0.45). The mean spKt/V and urea reduction ratio (URR) were not significantly different. Clinically evident hemodynamic instability occurred in only 1 dialysis session in the HTNF prescription. Increasing dialysate temperature while reducing dialysate flow rate (QD) can be used as a water conservation strategy without compromising the adequacy and safety of dialysis in young and hemodynamically stable patients. Reducing the QD from 500 ml/min to 300 ml/min reduces water consumption by 40%.

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN HOSPITALS: EXAMINATION AND ANALYSIS

Background: Sustainable development is often defined as the process of change by which the current needs of society are without hindering the capacity of future generations to meet their needs. Hospitals and medical centers are among the most vital organizations in any society and are among the largest consumers of water and energy and producers of waste.
 Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify and rank sustainable energy management strategies in Farabi Hospital.
 Method: The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of methodology. For collecting data, a researcher-made questionnaire based on multi-attribute decision-making methods used in this study (test and evaluation decision method, network analysis method, simple weight total, and Linmap) was used, which were completed by ten experts familiar with the topic of sustainable energy management with at least ten years of experience in Farabi Hospital in Bastak city in Hormozgan province.
 Result: The results of data analysis indicated that reduction of fossil energy consumption, waste recycling, and renewable energy are respectively the most significant criteria for sustainable energy management in hospitals while employing equipment for reducing water consumption, installing automatic doors, and utilization of rainwater collection system are respectively the most important criteria for optimized, sustainable development
 Conclusion: According to the study results, the hospital managers are required to adopt combined solutions for energy management in the water and electricity sectors to focus on reducing energy waste and the use of new energy sources such as solar and rainwater.

The Oil:Water Ratio in the Vertical Centrifuge Separator and Its Influence in Phenolic Compounds in the Virgin Olive Oil and the Olive Mill Wastewater (Alpechín)

The use of the vertical centrifuge in the olive oil production process is generally assumed to be habitual and necessary for the elimination of both the vegetation water and the small olive pulp particles that are not eliminated during solid–liquid separation (horizontal centrifugation). Trials were carried out with different oil:water ratios to study the influence of this variable on both the quality parameters of the olive oils obtained and the loss of oil with the olive wastewater. The trials were carried out at the industrial mill level with oil:water ratios between 0.6 and 5.5. While no differences were observed in the quality parameters of the oils obtained, correct adjustment of the oil:water flow rates reduced the loss of phenols present in the oils by around 30%. In addition, the results show a direct relationship between the soluble effluent and the conductivity of the olive mill wastewater (alpechín) with the loss of oil in the effluent. This work proves that both oil quality and the competitiveness of the olive oil value chain can be increased with energy savings, water consumption reduction, and environmental sustainability.

Conductive nanofiltration membranes via in situ PEDOT-polymerization for electro-assisted membrane fouling mitigation

Nanofiltration (NF) membranes play a pivotal role in water treatment; however, the persistent challenge of membrane fouling hampers their stable application. This study introduces a novel approach to address this issue through the creation of a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-based conductive membrane, achieved by synergistically coupling interfacial polymerization (IP) with in situ self-polymerization of EDOT. During the IP reaction, the concurrent generation of HCl triggers the protonation of EDOT, activating its self-polymerization into PEDOT. This interwoven structure integrates with the polyamide network to establish a stable selective layer, yielding a remarkable 90 % increase in permeability to 20.4 L m−2 h−1 bar−1. Leveraging the conductivity conferred by PEDOT doping, an electro-assisted cleaning strategy is devised, rapidly restoring the flux to 98.3 % within 5 min, outperforming the 30-minute pure water cleaning approach. Through simulations in an 8040 spiral-wound module and the utilization of the permeated salt solution for cleaning, the electro-assisted cleaning strategy emerges as an eco-friendly solution, significantly reducing water consumption and incurring only a marginal electricity cost of 0.055 $ per day. This work presents an innovative avenue for constructing conductive membranes and introduces an efficient and cost-effective electro-assisted cleaning strategy to effectively combat membrane fouling.

High-Technology Agriculture System to Enhance Food Security: A Concept of Smart Irrigation System Using Internet of Things and Cloud Computing

CONTEXT: Food security is highly reliant on agricultural activity to drive the world economy. However, this activity is in great danger due to climatic changes and improper use of irrigation techniques. Consequently, the lives of numerous individuals worldwide are in jeopardy. In light, this paper investigates the promise of smart irrigation systems based on new technology. OBJECTIVE: To meet the growing demand for water in agriculture, this study presents an intelligent irrigation system that uses cutting-edge technologies of 1) cloud computing, 2) embedded systems, and 3) Internet-of-Things (IoT). The main objective is to demonstrate how this innovative strategy can effectively manage water resources, supporting food security through cutting-edge agricultural technology. METHODS: This paper proposes a smart irrigation system based on cutting-edge technologies like the embedded system, Internet of Things (IoT), and cloud computing as a groundbreaking strategy to improve food security through the implementation of advanced agricultural technology. This system supervises real-time monitoring of crucial environmental factors such as 1) moisture, 2) humidity, 3) temperature, and 4) water levels, in smart agriculture practices. In addition, this system employs the latest sensors, including the module (DHT22), water level sensor, and moisture sensors, which are connected to the widely used embedded system (ESP32). The system uses the ThingSpeak cloud and ThingView app to enable wireless communication between the device and the farm owner, enhancing their interaction. The automated control of the two water pumps is based on the readings of various environmental factors. Moreover, this will also present a mathematical-driven function known as linear interpolation to calibrate the water level sensor in percentage. This system was created using the V-model software development approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Farmers can access comprehensive farm data from anywhere in the world as the sensor data is transmitted in real-time to both the ThingSpeak cloud and the ThingView. This capability allows for more precise crop irrigation and increased production. The study's findings demonstrate a striking 70% reduction in water consumption for soil irrigation when utilizing the proposed smart irrigation system. This paper underscores the significant promise of smart irrigation systems, driven by IoT, embedded systems, and cloud computing, to conserve water resources and advance food security. SIGNIFICANCE: This article proposes an innovative solution that reduces soil irrigation water consumption by 70% compared to traditional methods. It explores how smart irrigation can improve the sustainability of agriculture and positively influence food security.

Smart traffic routing and service allocation strategy to reduce water consumption in data centers through power reduction

Due to the growth of communication networks, energy consumption in information and communication technology industries is increasing dramatically. Among these industries, data centers are operating with a large number of processors and other components, which, due to heavy processing and mass data transmission, in addition to consuming high electrical power, also cause high thermal losses. Since water cooling systems are used for cooling different parts of these centers as well as for cooling the electric power generation unit, these centers are among the major consumers of water and electricity resources. In this article, while examining the important factors affecting water consumption in data centers, useful methods are suggested to reduce the consumption of electrical energy and water. Optimizing energy consumption in data centers is possible in three parts: routing, servicing and use of cooling equipment. For all three parts, improvement methods are suggested in this article. For this purpose, an optimization problem is designed and an algorithm is presented to solve it. In the proposed solution, an energy-smart method based on SDN technology is used for routing, virtual machines equipped with the possibility of reducing power consumption in no-load conditions are used for servicing, and two types of water-cooled and air-cooled systems are used for cooling equipment. is used. The simulation results show that depending on the cooling system, the proposed method reduces water consumption between 24% and 32% compared to the case where the proposed solution is not used.

Use of a biocompatible polymer to enhance tailings transportation and reduce water consumption at a coper-cobalt-zinc plant

Excess water can lead to instability and even failure in tailings storage facilities (TSFs). Simply reducing the amount of water in TSFs could be the best way to ensure the safety of nearby communities. In this case study we investigated the effects of reducing the water content in tailings slurry at a copper-cobalt-zinc mine in Mexico. An environmentally friendly polymer was used as a drag reduction agent (DRA) to offset the increase in solids percentage. The potential effects of the increased solids concentration on the tailings transportation system were also assessed. A series of 'what if' studies was conducted to assess whether adding the polymer would allow the solids concentration to be increased without changing the pressure loss in the tailings pipeline. The studies entailed conducting pipe loop tests to investigate these changes under various solids/ polymer concentrations and then constructing a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation model using the test results. The validated model was used to determine the optimal polymer percentages needed to maintain the same pressure loss under baseline (30% solids) conditions, and to assess the potential risks (clogging, increased erosion rates) to the pipelines. The potential water savings were found to be significant, varying from about 1.852 Mm3/a at 35% solids to 3.915 Mm3/a at 45% solids.

Exploring the criteria for a green and smart hotel: insights from hotel managers' perspectives

PurposeThis study aimed to explore the adaptations and perspectives of hotel managers regarding green and smart hotel technologies within the context of sustainability.Design/methodology/approachA comprehensive literature review guided the formulation of this study, followed by face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with hotel managers. A total of 17 prepared questions were finalized after examination by two expert academicians. The responses were analyzed using qualitative research methodology and the results were weighted using the step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) method.FindingsInterviews with sustainability and operational managers yielded insights into environmentally friendly practices and strategies such as reducing energy and water consumption, waste and chemical reduction, supporting local entrepreneurs and adopting smart technologies. These factors are crucial in eco-friendly hotels. According to the SWARA analysis, 'reducing energy consumption' is the most effective criterion.Research limitations/implicationsThis study offers insights into green and smart hotel management by focusing on the perspectives of hotel managers with a small sample. In future studies, research with larger samples on customer perspectives and the effect of hotel selection is recommended.Practical implicationsThis study offers insights to hotel managers on energy conservation and customer satisfaction enhancement through green and technological applications. These technological applications can improve hotel service quality and provide personalized experiences, fostering customer loyalty.Originality/valueThis pioneering study focuses on the intersection of green and smart practices in hospitality. By intertwining the often separately discussed concepts of “green” and “smart,” this study presents a novel approach to the sustainability practices in the hospitality industry, holding a key position, especially in Turkey. Implementing these concepts can yield environmental and economic benefits, offering invaluable insights to hotel managers and policymakers into integrating smart technologies with sustainability.

Evaluating optimized irrigation strategies on crop productivity and field water utilization under micro sprinkling irrigation in typical cropping systems of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

Inefficient traditional irrigation methods have negative consequences for agricultural production and the depletion of groundwater resources. This two-year field experiment aimed to evaluate optimized irrigation practices for irrigation efficiency (IE) and water utilization in winter wheat-maize (W-M) and winter wheat-soybean (W-S) annual rotation systems. Four micro-sprinkler-based irrigation strategies were implemented during the winter wheat season, specifically when the soil water content (SWC) of the 40 cm soil layer reached 40% of the field capacity (FC) after sowing. Including W4 (irrigated to SWC at 40 cm reached 60% FC), W6 (irrigated to SWC at 60 cm reached 80% FC), FI (farmer's practice, with irrigation amount of 150 mm per irrigation, the same timing as W6), and a rain-fed (RF) as a control. Summer seasons had no irrigation except for emergence. The WHCNS model simulated water consumption. The results indicated that IE decreased with increasing irrigation volumes, and the W-S system demonstrated higher IE than W-M. Both W4 and W6 achieved the desired wetting zones, while FI resulted in water leakage. Surface runoff was not affected by irrigation. Compared to the FI treatment under both cropping systems, W4 significantly reduced field water losses, particularly deep percolation, by 18.3–39.4%. W6 and FI led to elevated winter wheat transpiration rates, impacting crop yield. W4 had comparable yields to W6 and FI, but higher crop water productivity with average increases of 17.9% and 21.3% in W-M, and 24.6% and 31.4% in W-S, respectively. W4 also showed higher harvest indexes in both systems. The W-S system had more stable interannual yields, higher water-holding capacity, and water use efficiency than W-M. Although RF had great water-saving potential, its yield losses were enormous. These optimized precision irrigation strategies significantly reduce water consumption while achieving substantial yield increases, thereby providing vital support for sustainable agricultural development.

Review Paper Based On Organic Vertical Farming With Aquaponic Model In Urban Areas

The modern agriculture is an evolving approach to new farming practices and agricultural innovations. Vertical and organic farming have gained significant attention due to their potential address the challenges of limited space, water scarcity and the need for sustainable food production whereas hydroponics, aeroponics and aquaponics are innovative cultivation methods that offer efficient and environmentally friendly solutions. Hydroponics involves growing plants in a nutrient water rich water solution, eliminating the need for soil. Aeroponics takes the concept further by suspending plant roots in a moist environment, where nutrient rich solutions are directly sprayed onto the roots. Aquaponics combines hydroponics with aquaculture, creating a symbiotic system where fish or aquatic animals provide nutrients for the plants, while plants filter and purify the water for fish. The combination of this new innovative agricultural practices offers numerous benefits includes higher crop yield, reduce water consumption etc. Further research and development in these areas are essential to optimize system designs, increases productivity and make these methods more accessible.

Modernization of local heat distribution stations of city heat supply system

The PURPOSE of this work is to develop technical solutions to increase the efficiency of functioning of centralized urban heating systems by modernizing local heat distribution stations. The article considers the issues of functioning of district heating systems with open water intake. The work presents technical solutions that increase the efficiency of the local heat distribution station with a hot water supply unit. A technological scheme has been developed, the selection of equipment has been made. The feasibility of using the developed technical solutions is confirmed by technical, economic and investment indicators. The objectivity of determining the technical and economic effect of the modernization of the local heat distribution station is ensured by comparing the obtained indicators of the modernized and similar facilities.METHODS. To fulfill the objectives of the study, the following methods were applied: full-scale tests on a real object; processing of experimental data using application programs; feasibility study in the municipal heat power industry.THE RESULTS show an improvement in the technical and economic performance of the heating and hot water supply system of an apartment building in Yoshkar-Ola city: reduced network water consumption by 36–39%; temperature drop in the return pipeline was 13.5%; the heat content of hot water has been reduced to 0.168 Gcal/m3 (normative heat content is 0.145 Gcal/m3), the required circulation was ensured in all risers of the hot water supply system. The total losses from October 2021 to September 2022 are 3486,4 Gcal or 11.4% of heat supplied to consumers, which is less than 13% set by the tariff. Compared to a similar house without a regulation depending on the outside air temperature, the consumption of thermal energy during the heating season is reduced by 80 Gcal (10.9%).CONCLUSION. The new scheme of a local heat distribution station has been proposed, including the regulation of domestic hot water (DHW) recirculation, as well as the installation of a hydroelevator with weather regulation. The developed technical solution is relevant for district heating systems with open water intake. For the first time, an experimental study of the effect of the joint installation of the following equipment was carried out: a pump and a control valve on the DHW recirculation line before the recirculation mixing unit with the return pipeline of the heating system; hydraulic elevator with weather regulation. The results of the study can be used in the feasibility study of similar circuit solutions for the modernization of DHW systems. Operating experience has shown that the application of the developed technological scheme of local heat distribution station has positive effects: reduction of network water consumption, temperature in the return pipeline and heat losses; improvement of circulation in all risers of the DHW system; reduction of thermal energy consumption during the period of the “lower” cutoff of the temperature graph; curbing the growth of tariffs for thermal energy.

COMPARING NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN DECOUPLEDAQUAPONICS SYSTEMS FOR GROWING Cannabis sativa

Aquaponics is an integrative aquaculture system that uses waste produced by farmed aquatic animals to supply nutrients to a hydroponic system for growing plants. The growth of Cannabis sativa in aquaponic systems displays the potential for well-managed aquaponic systems to produce a variety of crops. In this study, we examined the impact of nutrient management techniques on the growth of Cannabis sativa in a decoupled aquaponic system. Four treatments were assessed: (1) recirculating treatment using aquaponic system effluent plus nutrient supplementation (AqRN), (2) flow-through treatment with aquaponic system effluent (AqFT), (3) flow-through hydroponic treatment with aquaponic effluent supplementation (10% by volume) (AqHydro), and (4) flow-through hydroponic control treatment (Hydro). The results indicated that the AqFT and AqHydro systems provided comparable yields to the hydroponic system, while the AqRN treatment exhibited reduced trimmed yield with signs of plant stress and nutrient deficiency appearing toward the end of the trial. AqFT produced fewer terpenes than the other treatments and may benefit from micronutrient supplementation. AqHydro and Hydro treatments displayed no significant difference in water quality or yield. Notably, AqHydro treatment showed reduced water consumption, underscoring the potential for aquaculture effluent supplementation to cost-effectively enhance fertigation in hydroponic systems.

Reducing Industrial Water Consumption: The Impact of Organizational Learning

Using factory-level data from a large multinational manufacturer, we examine the effects of both organizational experience and knowledge transfer on an increasingly critical environmental performance measure, the consumption of water required for manufacturing. We estimate the direct effects on water consumption from in-factory cumulative production experience and the vicarious learning from peer factories in the same product category. We consider vicarious learning from three potential sources: observation of peer factories’ cumulative production experience; and benchmarking of water consumption performance with the best and worst performing peer factories. For each learning channel, we test for the moderating effects of water scarcity and geographic proximity. We find that factories learn to reduce their water consumption from their own experience but at a greater rate in water-scarce locations. Although we find that factories learn significantly from observing the cumulative production experience of peer factories, this effect does not hold in water-scarce locations or across geographic regions. We document that learning effects from observing others’ experience are quite distinct from learning effects by benchmarking others’ performance. We find vicarious learning effects from benchmarking the best-performing peer factories result in significant reductions in water consumption, and this effect is greater when the factory is in a water-scarce location, and when benchmarking other regions rather than within the same region. Finally, we find less significant vicarious learning from observing the worst-performing factories.

Optimal operation of a combined cooling system

The effectiveness of Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants is significantly influenced by the temperatures at which steam condensation occurs. The existing cooling systems, whether wet (water-cooled) or dry (air-cooled), involve trade-offs. Wet cooling enhances performance but raises concerns due to substantial water usage, particularly in water-scarce regions where CSP plants are often located. On the other hand, dry cooling conserves water but at the cost of reduced efficiency, especially during high ambient temperatures that coincide with peak electricity demand. A possible compromise solution involves a combined cooling system that integrates both wet and dry methods, providing flexibility for overall reduced water consumption and enhanced efficiency.The incorporation of such systems into CSP plants is thus of great interest, owed to the potential adaptability of its operation to changing conditions. In order to make this optimally and feasible, a suitable control system needs to be developed. In this work we present the first implementation, in a real pilot plant, of a two-layer hierarchical control strategy, where the upper layer solves a multi-objective optimization problem for conflicting water and electricity consumptions, and a regulatory PID-based control layer adapts the system operation to the generated optimal references.

Residential Irrigation Restrictions and Water Conservation: A Review of Studies from 1978 to 2022

AbstractUrban water managers and policymakers have adopted demand management strategies to reduce water use and buffer against short‐term water supply shortfalls. This article provides a systematic review of publications from 1978‐2022 that examine the effectiveness of residential water use restrictions as the primary demand‐side management tool. Our results indicate the significant overall effect of restrictions on reducing water consumption, with an average reduction of 12.3% from the 23 studies reviewed in this article. When evaluating effect strength by restriction type (mandatory versus voluntary), voluntary restrictions have a significantly lower effect than mandatory restrictions on water use. We also find an inverse correlation between the number of irrigation days allowed and the estimated effect strength.

Model of interaction between different populations of organisms for the conservation of biodiversity

This paper presents land management strategies and adaptation measures aimed at mitigating the impacts of climate change and conserving biodiversity. Proposed measures include the development of efficient farming methods, such as drip irrigation and optimizing the use of water resources, which helps reduce soil degradation and reduce water consumption. In addition, measures to protect and restore ecosystems are being considered, including planting trees, creating nature reserves and protected areas, and controlling pollution and deforestation. It also emphasizes the need to develop and implement strategies for the sustainable use of natural resources, such as solar and wind energy, to reduce pressure on ecosystems and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Particular attention is paid to educational campaigns and information activities to increase public awareness of climate change and its impact on ecosystems, thereby promoting public involvement in decision-making and promoting sustainable behavior at home and community levels. In this work, the Lotka-Volterra model was used to simulate the impact of climate change on populations of plants and insect parasites in the dry regions of Uzbekistan. The model presented in this work allows us to predict changes in populations in response to climatic factors and develop adaptation strategies for the conservation of biodiversity. The work highlights the importance of scientific and innovative initiatives in the field of climate change research and sustainable development, which will create infrastructure for sustainable development and the implementation of environmentally sustainable technologies.

Green Industrialization as a Solution to the Energy Crisis in Bangladesh: A Study about Green RMG Factories in Bangladesh

This research paper aims to investigate the potential of green industrialization as a solution to the energy crisis in Bangladesh, with a specific focus on the ready-made garment (RMG) sector. The purpose is to assess the economic viability of implementing green practices in RMG factories and their impact on energy consumption, environmental sustainability, and overall economic development.The study employs a comprehensive approach, utilizing a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods. It includes an analysis of green manufacturing processes, energy-saving measures, and the use of renewable energy sources in 30 RMG enterprises. The research also explores challenges faced by the industry in adopting green practices, such as higher initial costs, reliance on foreign consulting firms, and customer behavior.Green manufacturing processes in RMG companies result in decreased energy use, increased use of renewable energy, reduced water consumption, and decreased noise pollution. About 63% of businesses employ some form of renewable energy, with popular measures including the use of solar panels, turbo ventilation, and daylighting systems. However, the study also identifies challenges such as higher installation costs, reliance on foreign expertise, and customer reluctance to pay more for green products.The findings may not fully represent the entire industry, and variations in practices across different regions and sizes of enterprises may exist.The need for government subsidies, awareness campaigns to promote green practices among factory owners, and incentives for importing eco-friendly machinery. The study focuses on a sector critical to Bangladesh's economy and its potential to contribute to sustainable development goals and address the energy crisis.

Innovative cultivator for cultivating soil and applying liquid fertilizers to reduce the use of irrigation water

In the course of these scientific studies, a cultivator of the KR 3-25 type was developed to stimulate the root system of cotton and apply liquid fertilizers to increase its yield. In the course of scientific work, liquid fertilizer was applied to the root system of cotton using a KR 3-25 cultivator; scientific research was carried out for 3 years. The effect on plant growth, yield and thirst was studied. As a result, this has led to an improvement in the underground balance of moisture and nutrients in the soil where the roots of the cotton plant are located, leading to significant savings in water consumption and an increase in cotton yield. This also helped reduce soil salinity. This paper presents the results of many years of scientific research on the effect of an innovative top-dressing cultivator on reducing water consumption and increasing crop yields.

HYDROCHLORIC ACID PHENAZINE IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF PRODUCTION OF EMULSION RUBBERS

The proposed work is devoted to improving the stage of formation of crumbs of emulsion butadiene-styrene synthetic polymer. For the first time, an organic compound containing two nitrogen atoms – phenazine hydrochloride – was used to isolate rubber from latex. The effect of this salt was compared with previously studied flocculants such as sodium chloride, N,N-dimethyl-N,N-diallylammonium chloride and a polymer based on it. The study found that the consumption of phenazine hydrochloride to separate 1 ton of rubber was 2.5 kg, which is close to the amount of polymer cationic flocculants introduced into the technological process of extracting rubber from latex. In previous studies, it was noted that the consumption of organic compounds containing one nitrogen atom in their structure is almost 10 times higher than the consumption of polymer cationic electrolytes. The use of this product is of more theoretical importance, as it allows one to expand information on the stability of dispersed systems to electrolytes of different natures. The temperature regime for the release of rubber from latex was maintained at a given level - 20 °C. The consumption of sulfuric acid in all considered cases was kept constant - 15 kg/t of rubber. Low costs of a coagulating agent can ensure the creation of a closed technological cycle on an industrial scale. This will reduce water consumption by workshops producing emulsion polymerization rubbers and reduce the environmental risks of their production. The results of testing rubbers and vulcanizates based on them showed that the main physical and mechanical indicators comply with the regulatory requirements of GOST and TU.