Water Company Research Articles

Kinerja Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Tirta Amertha Jati di Kabupaten Jembrana

Organizations, both public and private organizations, compete in providing a better form of service based on the field they are working on. Discussing examples of public sector organizations, one of which is a regionally owned business entity (BUMD). One of the Regional-Owned Enterprises (BUMD) that emphasizes community service while carrying out business activities is the Regional Drinking Water Company (PDAM). PDAMs aim to provide clean water to the community, especially at the regional level, as well as assist local governments in increasing Regional Original Revenue (PAD). As part of a Regional-Owned Enterprise (BUMD), PDAM has the authority to seek profit from the service process provided to consumers. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The theory used in this research is the performance theory by Dwiyanto which assesses the performance of an organization using 5 (five) indicators, namely productivity, service quality, responsiveness, responsibility, and accountability. By using this theory, it can be concluded that the performance of the Regional Drinking Water Company (PDAM) Tirtha Amertha Jati Jembrana Regency can be said to be quite good, because it still needs to be improved in several ways, such as the effective use of human resources and natural resources, infrastructure, service quality and continuity, and disaster mitigation to anticipate damage caused by natural disasters.

Superhydrophobic cotton for addressing fatbergs through oily wastewater treatment

Fats, oils and grease (FOGs) deposits in sewers have recently become a significant problem, causing financial strain on water companies, damaging sewer lines, and exposing the environment to dirty water through sanitary sewer overflows. Despite the proactive use of grease traps/interceptors for physical oil-water separation, the issue of FOG deposits persists. This study proposes the use of adsorption-based oil-water separation, employing superhydrophobic cotton, as a new alternative method for removing FOGs. Durable superhydrophobic cotton was successfully prepared using a simple two-step sol-gel method, with octadecyltrimethoxysilane (ODTMS) as a modifying silane. The resulting cotton samples demonstrated remarkable superhydrophobicity, evidenced by water contact angle (WCA) above 154°. Additionally, it exhibited exceptional durability and stability when exposed to hot water, harsh acidic and alkaline solutions, as well as during a laundry test. Moreover, the cotton displayed excellent oil-water separation efficiency (> 98 %) and maintained consistent performance throughout 20 reuse cycles, highlighting its high reusability. This approach holds the potential to address the prevailing FOG deposit issues and contribute to more efficient and sustainable wastewater management practices.

Production of Alkaline and Acidic Water by Electrolysis Solar Energy Source

Background: Alkaline and acidic water can be produced through the electrolysis process. There are two types of electrolysis equipment, namely batch type and continuous type, that can produce it. Continuous type tools are fast but expensive. Batch type tools are cheaper, but the process is slow. Both types of equipment require large amounts of energy and are expensive to operate. Another problem is that the content of the ions that form alkaline and acidic water is not yet known. Objective:The Objective is to determine the changes in ions that occur on the anode and cathode sides, to investigate the types of ions that most influence the formation of alkaline and acidic water, and to create a piper diagram. The aim of this research is to create a device that can produce alkaline and acidic water at a price that is affordable for the wider community. Method: This equipment is made from a portable plastic teapot as the cathode side and a small bottle as the anode side. The anode and cathode sides are separated by a cellulose cotton membrane, with carbon and stainless steel (SS) electrodes. The electric voltage taken from a solar cell module is 12 V;50 Wp. The output voltage of electrolysis was converted to 45 VDC in one hour. Electrolyzed water with an initial pH of 6.71 was taken from the Regional Drinking Water Company (PDAM) of Bandung City, Indonesia. Testing for the content of ions in water using American Public Health Association (APHA) standards was carried out in the laboratory of the ITB-Bandung Environmental Engineering department. Results and Conclusions: Based on the test on the sample, it was determined that the formation of alkaline water at the cathode side with pH 8.32 is caused by the ions Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, and K+, with a concentration of 0.387; 0.369; 0.302; and 0.284 mmol/L, respectively. Some of the Mg2+ ions were precipitated. The formation of acidic water at the anode side with pH 2.34 was caused by the anions Cl-, NO3- , SO42-, and CO32-/HCO3 with a concentration of 1,757; 0.052; 0.147, and 3.153 mmol/L, respectively. Furthermore, it is concluded that the electrolysis device is designed for the production of alkaline and acid water at a capacity of 1400 mL in 60 minutes, with an average energy of 0.002 kWh and a cost of unit production of around Rp. 2.8. Research Implications: Useful for the development of education, teaching, and further research, especially in electrochemical major, as well as community service in making alkaline and acidic water for health. Originality/Value: Practical, simple, cheap way to make alkaline and acid water, qualitative and quantitative analysis, ion composition before and after electrolysis reaction, use of solar energy for electrolysis, changes in piper diagram before and after electrolysis.

Effect of Human Resources Strategies on Firm Performance at Nairobi Water and Sewerage Company Limited in Kenya

Effect of Human Resources Strategies on Firm Performance at Nairobi Water and Sewerage Company Limited in Kenya

Implementation of Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) for centrifugal pump maintenance in water supply distribution system

A centrifugal pump is an essential mechanical device in the Regional Drinking Water Company (PDAM) to distribute sterile water from the reservoir to local community houses by flowing the fluid through the pipeline. However, improper and inadequate maintenance of centrifugal pumps can result in component damage, including bearings that are broken, ripped, or damaged mechanical seals. Therefore, for the water supply to continue smoothly, proper maintenance needs to be carried out so that the engine's performance will be maintained and last longer. This study aims to conduct a maintenance analysis on centrifugal pumps utilized by the PDAM of Madiun City. The Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method was employed to assess the potential failure of a system, design, process, or service by implementing a systematic approach to analyze damage and devise maintenance strategies. The FMEA analysis revealed that the shaft of the centrifugal pump component had the highest Risk Priority Number (RPN) value, which amounts to 294. The wearing ring had the lowest RPN value among the centrifugal pump components, with a value of 54. The Pareto diagram results classified six components: shaft, clutch, stuffing box, motor, impeller, and mechanical seal to recommend preventative maintenance action. Additionally, three other components suggested for corrective maintenance were the bearing, packing, and wearing rings

The Evaluation of the Quality of Local Water Company Tirta Anoa Processed Water in the Community of West Kendari District, Kendari City

Backgrounds: The government has the task of collecting, purifying and distributing clean water from water terminals via water channels, pipes or tank cars (in administrative management units with economic activities) to homes, industrial companies or other commercial uses. For this reason, Local water company has the responsibility to provide clean water for all groups of people in an area. Methods: This type of research is observational research with a descriptive approach to get an overview of the quality of Local water company Tirta Anoa's processed water. Water quality sampling was carried out in 9 sub-districts in West Kendari District, which is the sub-district with the largest population of 44,290 people. Results: The results of the pollution index analysis for TDS parameters show that river waters in the study study area at 7 monitoring points are still classified as meeting water quality standards, namely still below 1,000 mg/L. The highest TDS content was found at station 5 (AB.03 = 611 mg/L) and station 6 (AB.04 = 614 mg/L), while the lowest TDS value was at station 2 (AB.02 = 193 mg/L). And the concentration of TSS parameters is still below the quality standard, namely monitoring point 1 (AP.01 to 5 (AB.05) respectively 4.7 mg/L; 3.4 mg/L; 2.6 mg/L ; 3.7 mg/L; 3.9 mg/L; Conclusion: There is water quality (physics, chemistry, biology) from Local water company Tirta Anoa processed water which has been consumed by the community in West Kendari.

Private Partner Prioritization for Public–Private Partnership Contracts in a Brazilian Water Company Using a Multi-Criteria Decision Aid Method

Public–private partnerships (PPPs) are long-term contracts between government entities and private companies, and are increasingly being adopted in developing countries due to the large need for investments in sectors such as water and sewerage and also in order to benefit from the experience and to have access to the resources and technology of the private sector. Prioritizing the private party of the contract becomes a complex decision due to the characteristics of PPP contracts, and a standard of evaluation has not been adopted yet, the decision usually being made by evaluating the price. Thus, this research aims to propose a set of criteria to be incorporated into the decision problem that involves technical aspects. It then seeks to rank alternatives by using a multi-criteria decision aid method, FITradeoff, which supports the decision-maker (DM) in prioritization and provides transparency and security to the process.

ANALISIS PENGUNGKAPAN INFORMASI LINGKUNGAN DALAM LAPORAN KEUANGAN PDAM KABUPATEN BONDOWOSO : PERSPEKTIF GREEN ECONOMI DAN TANGGUNGJAWAB SOSIAL PERUSAHAAN

This research aims to analyze the disclosure of environmental information in the financial statements of the Regional Drinking Water Company (PDAM) of Bondowoso Regency, considering the perspectives of green economy and corporate social responsibility. The disclosure of environmental information is increasingly important in the context of environmental protection and business sustainability. A qualitative approach is used to analyze the financial statements of PDAM Bondowoso Regency with a focus on environmental information disclosure elements. Findings from this research are expected to provide new insights into environmental information disclosure practices in the public sector, especially in regional companies such as PDAM. The implications of this analysis can contribute to the development of green economy and corporate social responsibility in Bondowoso Regency and encourage other companies to improve transparency and accountability in disclosing environmental information in the financial statements of PDAM Bondowoso Regency. In conclusion, the management of waste by PDAM Bondowoso Regency still has shortcomings, such as suboptimal waste treatment, gaps in handling various types of waste, technological limitations, and lack of awareness or understanding. The disclosure of environmental information in financial statements is also constrained by factors such as lack of awareness, resource constraints, and regulatory uncertainty. This results in suboptimal disclosure of prevention and detection cost allocations and environmental failure costs. Steps are needed to enhance transparency, such as improvements in disclosing cost allocations and detailed operating costs for waste management. Thus, stakeholders can better understand PDAM's efforts to maintain environmental sustainability and public health

A large-scale evaluation of machine learning algorithms in mid-term water demand forecasting

ABSTRACT Water utilities currently face challenges in accurately measuring user-end consumption as they have to visit every conventional meter that is installed in their service area. This study explores the use of accessible machine learning models to forecast water demand at two crucial temporal scales, addressing practical needs such as customer billing. To draw meaningful conclusions, these models were tested and trained from actual user-end water consumption data from over 2.1 million customers over a 10-year period. These data were provided by the Water and Sewage Company of Greece (EYDAP). The large-scale experiment included the use of statistical models (ARIMA and SARIMA), deep learning [long short-term memory (LSTM)], and clustering techniques (k-NN algorithm). The model with the best performance was ARIMA, outperforming all the other models including the more complex ones. The LSTM model did not perform as expected in predicting water consumption, it excelled only in predicting the total amount of water consumed. These forecasts can be valuable tools for water utility companies, aiding in tasks such as customer billing and water balance calculations. This paper covers all the necessary steps that must be taken to achieve meaningful user-end water consumption forecasts, from raw data preprocessing to hyperparameter tuning for machine learning algorithms.

A techno-economic framework for optimizing multi-area power dispatch in microgrids with tie-line constraints

Fuel-fired power plants are the primary electricity sources in Saudi Arabia. This investigation aims to reduce the overall costs and emissions of electricity production from thermal units operated by the Shuqaiq Water and Electricity Company. It also considers practical thermoelectric constraints, such as power losses, ramp-rate constraints, and environmental optimization functions, to align with the sustainability goals of Saudi Vision 2030. Optimizing electric energy delivery is crucial within an energy control center. The focus of this work is to develop an advanced computational technique that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and minimizes the production cost of electricity, while also considering environmental emissions as an optimization function. An examination was conducted through two distinct practical case studies with power demand of 850 MW—one involving renewable sources and the other without—to assess the effectiveness of the hybrid crow search and JAYA optimization algorithm in optimizing performance. This system includes a multi-area setup with limitations on the tie-line power flow constraints. Additionally, the study also involved RETScreen modelling to assess the practical financial, emission, and benchmark analysis of a proposed integrated solar plant. This analyses offers a thorough assessment of the facility’s performance and reliability in practical situations. This study serves as a motivating factor for energy operators, stakeholders, governmental organizations, and grid administrators to invest resources in environmentally-friendly initiatives. The simulation results showed that the proposed approach successfully reduced the electricity cost by 2.29% and 3.70% in hybrid energy networks while effectively handling the system constraints. In addition, the analysis revealed that the optimization algorithm effectively decreased toxic emissions from power plants while also supporting the sustainability objectives of United Nations SDG-7 and Saudi Vision 2030 through the successful integration of renewable sources.

THE ROLE OF SELF EFFICACY IN IMPROVING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE SUPPORTED BY ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT

This study aims to find out the influence of organizational culture, career development development, and self-efficacy on employee performance. The population in this study is all employees of the Tirta Darma Ayu Indramayu Regional Drinking Water Company (PDAM) which totals 146 people, with a sample of 110 people. The method used in this study uses one of the saturated sampling techniques. To analyze the data, the use of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in model creation as well as hypothesis testing in PLS 3.0 statistical software. The two main parameters built are to test the validity of the construct (convergent and discriminatory validity) and the internal consistency of the construct (reliability). After that, perform bootstrapping tests to get the test results for each hypothesis. The results of this study show that the Self-efficacy Variable (X1) partially has a positive or significant effect on the performance of employees (Y) at the Indramayu Regional Drinking Water Company. The Organizational Culture Variable (X2) partially has a positive or significant effect on the performance of employees (Y) at the Indramayu Regional Drinking Water Company The Career Development Variable (X3) partially has a positive or significant effect on the performance of employees (Y) at the Indramayu Regional Drinking Water Company.

Implementation of Government Accounting Standards, the Role of Internal Audit and Apparatus Competence on the Quality of Accounting Information at the Regional Drinking Water Company (PDAM) Tirta Bening Pati District

Implementation of Government Accounting Standards, the Role of Internal Audit and Apparatus Competence on the Quality of Accounting Information at the Regional Drinking Water Company (PDAM) Tirta Bening Pati District

Penal and Social Aspects of Water Theft: A Case Study of Ternate City

There are many cases of water theft from the Regional Drinking Water Company, especially in Ternate City. Article 28 letter h Regional Government of Ternate City No. 28 of 2011 on the Drinking Water Service of the Ternate City Municipal Water Company prohibits taking drinking water directly from distribution pipes or service pipes without going through a water meter. This research to analyze legal efforts against criminal acts of theft of Drinking Water Company Ternate City water committed by customers and non-subscribers through criminal and social efforts. This empirical research uses a statutory approach and a case approach. The results showed legal prevention of criminal acts of water theft can be done through penal efforts emphasizing repressive efforts (suppression/ eradication/extermination) and non-penal efforts emphasizing social and community efforts (prevention/anticipation/control). It is expected that the combination of criminal sanctions and social sanctions is expected to reduce the rate of water theft.

Progress in understanding the social dimensions of desalination and future research directions

The piece outlines the contributions of key works in the field of the political ecology of desalination over the past decade. We note that the field is diverse in terms of contributions from geographers, sociologists, anthropologists, and public policy scholars. The research to date has been concerned with the ways in which the deployment of desalting techniques can reflect and reinforce social processes of inequality, political power and economic flows. In this way, desalination has been opened up for intellectual debate beyond technical considerations of the desalting industry and engineers. A critical perspective that complements the recent discussions of environmental harm caused by the desalination industry has emerged as well across a number of global and transboundary contexts. A number of themes emerged that will continue to be of interest to scholars and that need to be addressed in the years ahead. First, desalination intersects transboundary water governance and geopolitics between different water uses and emerges from complex assemblages of local and global actors, including financial actors, water companies, governments, technologies, and natural forces. Second, critical scholarship on desalination needs to continue to pay attention to the interests in and overarching patterns of, the Green New Deal and Blue Economy, each of which intersect with the worlds of academia and policymaking, and involve issues of climate adaptation and mitigation. Third, questions about equity remain with desalination as it is a solution deeply imbricated in the unequal distribution of resources, and questions about representation in decision-making remain. Fourth, research on finance and infrastructure have been at the core of critical desalting research and should remain so. Fifth, there is a growing heterogeneity in terms of research in types of desalting, from reverse osmosis to inland desalting to nuclear and more. This variety will make for rich research for the years ahead. Our hope is that the epistemological, theoretical, and methodological flexibility of this area of research will remain a strong point continuing its rigor, as well as the already robust collegiality among scholars in this interesting, and still nascent field.

Physical Distribution Strategies and the Marketing Performance of Bottled Water Companies in Calabar, Nigeria

This research examined the effect of physical distribution strategies on the marketing performance of bottled water companies in Calabar. It employed a cross-sectional survey approach. Primary data were collected from 276 operational personnel of bottled water companies in Calabar through a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were applied to analyze and interpret the data, while multiple linear regression was utilized to test the hypotheses. The results unveiled significant positive impacts of order processing, transportation, inventory, and warehousing management on the marketing performance of bottled water companies in Calabar, Nigeria. Therefore, the study recommends the following, among others: bottled water companies should integrate innovative technologies into their order processing systems, such as automated order placement, and order sorting software to ensure the delivery of accurate and personalized orders to customers at all times; a robust transportation management system characterized by timely carrier scheduling, clear route planning and automated carrier tracking should be in place to enable bottled water companies achieve effective distribution of products to customers when needed; and bottled water companies should prioritize inventory management through strategic inventory planning, automated inventory control and prompt inventory replacement to ensure that inventory resources required for production and customer service are consistently available in appropriate quantities and quality.

ANALYSIS OF BOTTLED DRINKING WATER (AMDK) BUSINESS STRATEGIES IN IMPROVING THE ECONOMY OF Islamic Boarding Schools (CASE STUDY OF MAMBAUL ULUM Islamic Boarding School, BATA-BATA PAMEKASAN)

At this time, the business world is entering an era of globalization, where all parties can freely enter any desired market, both domestically and abroad, without any restrictions. Seeing these conditions, every business sector should be required to know and follow climate developments or changes in every business activity. The company must clearly determine the direction in which its business activities are carried out and which parties are the targets of the movement of its business activities or in other words, having determined the direction of its business activities, the company must determine which parties are the targets of the sales of the products offered by the company. Bottled Drinking Water (AMDK) as a newly growing industry has been encouraged to increase national economic growth in the last year. In terms of the number of companies operating in the AMDK sector, according to the Association of Indonesian Bottled Drinking Water Companies (Aspadin), it continues to increase. The increasingly rapid progress in AMDK has encouraged many companies in this industry to expand their production and markets, as well as encouraging the entry of new entrants. The situation that has developed in recent years is increasing competition. The aim of this research is to find out the business strategy for bottled drinking water to improve the economy of the Mambaul Ulum Bata-bata Islamic Boarding School Cooperative. The type of research used in the research is SWOT analysis. The sample used in this research was 30 respondents, namely employees at the Aneka Usaha Bata-bata Islamic Boarding School Cooperative (KOPPONTREN AUBA). Data collection techniques in this research used interviews and observation. Based on the results of business strategy analysis research conducted by KOPPONTREN AUBA to improve the economy of its Islamic boarding schools, KOPPONTREN AUBA implements five business strategies, namely the first SO (Strengths-Opportunities) strategy by expanding market share by carrying out effective and efficient promotions, expanding cooperation with various parties , the second is the ST (Strength - Threats) strategy by managing product quality and carrying out product innovation, the third is the WO (Weakness-Opportunities) strategy by increasing promotions both online and offline and increasing the effectiveness of promotions, the fourth is the WT (Weakness-Threaths) strategy by how to increase the promotion of Labini AMDK to the community. Keywords: Strategy, Business, AMDK, SWOT

Clusters of composition: Elemental content of aquatic organic matter in UK and Faroe peatlands

Water supply companies with reservoirs in peatland areas need to know how land use and vegetation cover in their supply catchments impact the amount and composition of aquatic organic matter in raw waters. Drinking water treatment processes remove organic matter from potable supplies, but recent increases in concentration and changes in composition have made this more difficult. This study analysed the composition of aquatic organic matter from peatland catchments in the UK and Faroe Islands. Both dissolved organic matter (DOM) and particulate organic matter (POM) compositions varied spatially, but these differences were not consistent as water moved through catchments, from headwaters and peatland pools to lake and reservoir outlets. These data showed that lakes and reservoirs are acting as flocculation hotspots, processing OM, releasing carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) compounds to the atmosphere, and resulting in OM with higher N content. DOM compositions could be grouped into five clusters, showing that water treatment processes can be maximised to target ‘envelopes’ or clusters of DOM compositions. Catchment factors such as land use, vegetation cover, percentage peat cover and catchment area are good indicators of OM compositions likely to be present in a reservoir, and can guide water companies to maximise efficiency of their raw water treatment processes.

Water supply infrastructure for human consumption in the Brazilian semiarid region

In Santo Estevão, the public water supply system is operated by the Infrastructure Directorate of the entire Baiana Water and Sanitation Company (EMBASA) and accounts for around 85% of the water supply. of the Bahian population. The rest of the population is supplied by cisterns, pipes, or artesian wells. The objective of this research was to identify the regions with the greatest deficiencies in the distribution of water supply in the urban area of ​​the city of Santo Estevão and the consequences of this problem for the population. The field of study covered three neighborhoods in the city of Santo Estevão (Alto do Porrão, Mutirão, and Pau de Vela). GPS, Cartography, and Geographic Information Systems were used to demarcate points relating to the spatial distribution of water and create thematic maps. Data and information related to water supply were collected in institutions and public bodies, such as the City Hall of Santo Estevão, EMBASA, Superintendency of Statistics and Information, and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, in addition to the application of forms. It was found that some residents do not store water in water tanks correctly, which can cause the proliferation of disease vectors, such as the Aedes Aegypti mosquito.

EOQ Optimization Revolutionizes Inventory Management, Delivering Cost Savings Globally

Efficient inventory management is crucial for companies to minimize costs while ensuring adequate supply to meet demand. PT Samawa Tirta Alam, a bottled sweet drinking water company, faces significant inventory management issues, notably with refined sugar raw materials. High transportation costs and fluctuating demand contribute to excessive inventory accumulation and increased storage costs, necessitating an optimization strategy. This study implements the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method to address these challenges. Through a mixed-method approach, qualitative data were gathered via observations and interviews, while quantitative analysis utilized historical data to calculate optimal order quantities, frequencies, safety stock levels, and reorder points. Results demonstrate substantial cost savings, with optimal order quantities determined, reducing order frequencies from 12 to 2 times per year, and minimizing safety stock levels. The findings underscore the effectiveness of the EOQ method in enhancing cost-effectiveness and operational performance in raw material inventory management for similar companies. Highlights: 1. Cost Efficiency: EOQ method reduces total inventory costs effectively.2. Operational Precision: Minimizing safety stock enhances operational efficiency.3. Strategic Insight: Integrated approach provides practical solutions for inventory management challenges. Keywords: Inventory Management, Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), Cost Optimization, Raw Materials, Transportation Costs

Achieving Sustainable Goals Using an Effective Budget-Allocation Multicriteria Mives Model: Case Study of a Spanish Water Utility Company

Within the global sustainability agenda, companies must align their operations with specific Sustainable Goals (SGs) and develop corresponding budgeting strategies. This paper presents a robust multicriteria decision-making model tailored for a Spanish utility company specializing in water services. The model ensures that financial allocations reflect the company's vision and its interpretation of sustainable development within its service areas. This approach aims to promote objectivity, traceability, and sustainability in decision-making, as a critical component in achieving SGs. The article emphasizes the importance of aligning water companies' budget allocations with SGs, highlighting key indicators for consideration. It provides a practical illustration of how the company's financial allocations were synchronized with SGs using a multicriteria decision-making model. A case study is included, involving a budget allocation of 40 million euros compared across four scenarios with the historical average of budgets from the Past Three Investment Plans (P3IP). The results reveal significant variations in budget allocation across different infrastructure categories, demonstrating the system's robustness, such as a 70% variation in production infrastructures, 27% in transportation, 25% in distribution, and 40% in the remaining areas, depending on the scenario.