Water Company Research Articles

"Water conflicts: more than conflicts over distribution? Assessing conflict structures with cases from Germany."

Conflicts tend to be complex and, in many cases, multi-faceted. However, by adapting an approach by Vuković, this study illustrates a method for structuring such conflicts, which can facilitate insights that are more profound by dividing them into relevant dimensions of the problem. Given that some conflicts are ongoing and new ones may emerge in certain cases, this study also assesses the potential of using the adapted methodology as a structured basis for constructing scenario analyses. In this study, two cases from Germany on the topic of water are analysed. The first case explores a pair of conflicts that arose within a short period involving a chemical company called Currenta. These conflicts are about a controversial wastewater discharge and an attempt to obtain more water rights, despite the possible future water stress. The second case concerns the Nordheide region, which is favoured for its groundwater reservoir. In recent decades, there has been a growing dispute between the water company and the residents of Nordheide about the possible harmful effects of further water extraction. Both cases illustrate the evolving nature of water conflicts, indicating that they can extend beyond a dispute over distribution. In addition to this key finding, the cases demonstrate the diverging concerns of the actors, as well as the significance of decision-makers involved in these conflicts. A nuanced assessment of water conflicts prior to further action, such as conflict resolution, is therefore encouraged by this study.

Analysis of Building Electrical Lighting System Tomohon City Regional Drink Water Company

This study aims to see whether the electrical lighting installation at the Regional Drinking Water Company (Indonesian, abbreviated as PDAM) of Tomohon City follows the General Requirements for Electrical Installations (abbreviated as PUIL) or vice versa. Using the analysis approach, direct observation was performed at the research site, and after performing the study, it was discovered that many electrical lighting installation requirements did not satisfy PUIL. Following the measurements and calculations, it was found that none of the lighting in building A met PUIL standards, while for building B, there was only 1 room whose lighting met PUIL standards. Furthermore, there were several rooms where the lights were not installed. Of course, this can affect the daily activities in the room. From the results of the study, it is inevitable that the electrical lighting installation in the PDAM building in Tomohon City must be repaired immediately and should follow the applicable PUIL.

Reimagining public water: an intergenerational exploration of paradigms for future system design

ABSTRACT Due to the life-span of infrastructure, the complexity of components and the tendency of institutional structures to reproduce themselves, infrastructural systems as a whole are seldom reimagined. In addition, strategic thinking about possible system innovations is mainly done by the generations with extensive work experience. This whilst challenges such as climate change trigger the need for system innovation and are inherently intergenerational. This paper examines a method for “intergenerational reimagination”, facilitating reflexive learning within a generationally diverse subgroup of actors. This was done to explore paradigms for future system design. Building on the Advocacy Coalition Framework, descriptive, normative and explorative steps are developed. These steps include an intergenerational dialogue and carefully designed workshops, involving both young and senior professionals. The methodology was applied to reimagine the Dutch public water system, a design process which involved over 50 young professionals and resulted in three reimaginations. This process shows the potential for intergenerational development of possible paradigms for future system design. Moreover, throughout the process, policy-oriented learning was given substance. Finally, the study provided young professionals with a means to join strategic thinking at the semi-public level of water companies; a potential source of inspiration for other sectors and issues.

The Influence Of Strategic Planning, Strategic Implementation With Stakeholders Support On The Performance Of Regional Drinking Water Companies In Region II

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of strategic planning on company performance. To analyze the influence of strategic planning on strategy implementation. To analyze the influence of stakeholder support on strategy implementation. To analyze the influence of strategy implementation on company performance. This research is a quantitative research, with a survey approach. Through the survey, not all individuals are observed but only take samples from the population. The location of this research is PDAM Region II. The sample in this study was 100 respondents using cluster random sampling method. Data analysis method and hypothesis testing with Structural Equation Model (SEM). In testing the model using SEM, there are seven steps that must be taken. Results of the analysis as follows: the value of strategic planning variables on the performance of companies with a p-value less than the lowest average. Variable value of strategic planning to the implementation of the strategy has a p-value less than the lowest average value. The value of the variable support of stakeholders on the implementation of the strategy with p-value less than the lowest average. The value of the variable implementation of the strategy on the performance of companies with a p-value less than the value of the lowest average. From the analysis, it can be concluded strategic planning affect the company's performance, strategic planning affect the implementation of the strategy, the support of influential stakeholders towards the implementation of the strategy and implementation of strategies affect the company's performance.

Assessing energy efficiency and its dynamic changes in the water sector integrating heterogeneity and carbon emissions

Enhancing the energy performance of water utilities is a critical step towards achieving a net-zero carbon industry. Traditional energy performance assessments in the water industry often overlook heterogeneity among water companies and fail to account for changes in energy efficiency (EE) over time. To address these shortcomings, this research employs Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) techniques to assess energy performance of two types of water companies such as Water and Sewerage Companies (WaSCs) and Water-only Companies (WoCs) within a single energy frontier model. Empirical analysis of water companies in England and Wales reveals an average EE score of 0.940 over the 2010–2020 period, suggesting a 6% energy-saving potential. English and Welsh water industry exhibited an overall 0.3% annual improvement in energy productivity change (EPC). This improvement was primarily attributed to efficiency changes (average 1.005), which offset the negative shift in technology change (average 0.998), while the scale effect remained negligible (average 1.000). WaSCs experienced a slight increase in EPC, with an average value of 1.018, indicating an improvement in energy productivity. In contrast, WoCs exhibited a decrease in EPC, with an average value of 0.989, suggesting a decline in energy productivity. These disparities were due to opposite shifts in the efficient production frontier; WaSCs had a positive shift (average 1.012), while WoCs had a negative shift (average 0.984). The study also highlights the impact of regulatory policies on energy performance. The 2009 price review involved modest improvements (average EPC = 1.013), while the 2014 price review yielded unfavorable results (average EPC = 0.993), emphasizing the need for long-term policies to facilitate sector-wide transformation towards carbon neutrality.

The Effect of Organizational Culture on Employee Performance

This thesis research aims to determine and test the influence of organizational culture on employee performance at the regional public company Tirta umbu drinking water company, Nias district, using quantitative research methods and the data analysis technique used is linear regression analysis. The population in the study were employees of the regional public drinking water company Tirta umbu, Nias district, totaling 60 people and a sample of 60 respondents. The results of the t test show (calculation) that organizational culture (X) is 8,465 and the significance is 0.000. Hypothesis decision-making conditions are accepted or rejected based on their level of significance. If the significance is less than or equal to 0.05 then the hypothesis is accepted. The research results obtained a significance value of 0.000 <0.05. Thus, it can be concluded that variable X (Organizational Culture) has a significant influence on variable Y (employee performance). From the results of the coefficient of determination (R Square), the coefficient of determination obtained from the correlation of variable X and variable Y is 0.553. Thus, it can be concluded that the size of the influence of variable X (Organizational Culture) on variable Y (employee performance) is 55.3%.

Assessment of Community Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions Toward Effluent Quality Discharged from the Shirere Wastewater Treatment Plant to the Isiukhu River, Kakamega County, Kenya

For waste removal, advanced infrastructural technologies can be adopted in the drainage channels of effluents into water bodies though they are limited and scarce. The aim of the study was to asses community knowledge, attitude and perception towards effluent quality discharged from Shirere wastewater treatment plant up to river Isiukhu. Correlation and descriptive survey were the main research approaches adopted. The measurement of the knowledge, perception and attitude was limited to only the community members, as well as Kakamega County Water and Sanitation Company (KACWASCO) staff members. The study was anchored by the risk management theory to demonstrate the vulnerability of community hazards like water pollution. The social-economic sampling approaches applied were stratified for the community members and random for the KACWASCO workers. The population targeted was eighty community members and four KACWASCO staff members. The questionnaires were pretested through a pilot study to ascertain their reliability. This pre-test was conducted at a different Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) at Nabongo. The Pearson coefficient (r) was used to compute the correlation coefficient between the two test scores. Data was analyzed using regression and correlation methods. For socio-economic, reliability test was administered by use test- retest method. A code book was prepared and scores of the first test correlated with scores of the second test, and Pearson product moment of correlation was computed using SPSS software version 21.0. By applying the analysis of variance (ANOVA), researcher was able to determine whether differences observed between groups are likely due to actual variations in their perceptions or simply due to chance. From the reliability test, all of the variables obtained had Cronbach's Alpha greater than 0.7, indicating that they met the necessary 0.7 for data internal consistency. The Bartlett's test for validity was examined using the chi-square test, which revealed that all of the variables were significant at the 5% (0.000) level of significance. Only 82 of the 84 questionnaires provided to the sampled respondents (KACWASCO staffs and community members) were filled out and returned in this study. From the study findings the value of R-square was 0.429. The ANOVA test indicated that in this model the independent variable namely; knowledge of the residents is important in predicting of waste water treatment as indicated by significance value=0.002 which is less than 0.05 level of significance (p=0.002 < 0.05). Additionally, the response under attitude and perception, the value of R-Square was 0.045 which implied that, 4.5% of variation of Wastewater Treatment Plant in Shirere was explained by attitude and perception of the residents within the area. The study also revealed that attitude and perception of the residents in Shirere had a significant influence on wastewater treatment at Shirere in Kakamega County (t-statistic = 25.674, p-value = ). Therefore, it was concluded that, at 5% level of significance, indicating that community knowledge, perception and attitude had a positive influence on waste water treatment at Shirere in Kakamega County. Likewise, for every unit increase in attitude of the residents there was a corresponding increase in wastewater treatment at Shirere in Kakamega County by 0.628. The study recommended that, the community members need more sensitization on matters pollution as revealed by this study.

Measurement model of the influence of strategic management accounting on the growth of drinking water companies in South Kalimantan

This study discusses strategic human resource management in Regional Drinking Water Companies (PDAM) in South Kalimantan, focusing on operational challenges and dynamics of clean water management. This study uses quantitative methods with SEM PLS analysis to evaluate company efficiency, performance, and growth. Data were collected from four PDAMs representing various districts, covering 153 respondents. The results of the analysis show that company efficiency has a significant effect on growth, with T-Statistics 4.414 and P-Value 0.000. In addition, company performance is proven to affect efficiency (T-Statistics 8.820, P-Value 0.000) and growth (T-Statistics 2.696, P-Value 0.007). The application of strategic management accounting also contributes positively to efficiency (T-Statistics 2.670, P-Value 0.008) and growth (T-Statistics 2.605, P-Value 0.009). Mediation analysis shows that company performance and efficiency play a role in linking strategic management accounting to growth. This study provides important insights for PDAM management to implement strategic management accounting practices to improve efficiency, performance, and sustainable growth in facing challenges in the public service sector.

Analisis Nilai Ekonomi Pemanfaatan Air Di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Cijengkol

Surface water is the portion of precipitation that flows over the land surface into rivers, lakes, or oceans. One source of surface water in West Java is river water originating from the Cijengkol watershed. Communities living around the Cijengkol River have traditionally benefited from the value of water as a river environmental service. They use water for their livelihood, mainly for agriculture, fishing, and animal husbandry. In addition, the water in the Cijengkol watershed is also used for daily needs by the people living around the Cijengkol river. This study explains the value of water utilization used by the community around the Cijengkol watershed from various sectors, namely agriculture, household needs, animal husbandry and fisheries and examines the value of the economic benefits of water use in the Cijengkol watershed. The research method used is to find the mainstay discharge and approach the formula for the Economic Value of Water with data obtained from Perum Jasa Tirta II (PJT II), Regional Drinking Water Company (PDAM), and the Regency Central Statistics Agency (BPS). Subang. It can be seen that the mainstay debit for irrigation is 5.61 m³/s while for household needs it is 4.24 m³/s. The economic value of water in the Cijengkol watershed is Rp. 949,986,603,420/year. from various aspects of use, namely household needs, agriculture, fisheries, and animal husbandry.

The Application of Smart Drip Irrigation System for Precision Farming

Managing water resources in urban areas is relatively expensive due to the costs of electricity and water distribution from wells and water companies. Therefore, water resource management for urban agricultural purposes needs to be made efficient, such as through smart irrigation technologies, one of which is the drip irrigation system that engages soil moisture sensors and the Internet of Things (IoT) to control the amount of distributed water. This study aims to apply and evaluate the performance of a drip irrigation system based on soil moisture sensors and IoT in urban agriculture. The results showed that the distribution uniformity in the system was identified at fair levels, with a Coefficient of Uniformity (CU) of 90.15% and 86.58%, respectively. Furthermore, our study also found that the IoT-assisted drip irrigation system that engaged a Deep Neural Networks (DNN) model to meet the water requirement led to better peanut yield than the irrigation system based on soil moisture as a control.

Strategi Pemasaran Air Minum dalam Kemasan di Pondok Pesantren Riyadhus Samawi

In general, some of the community's drinking water needs can be sourced from well water and water that has been treated by the Regional Drinking Water Company (PDAM). However, the increasing demand for drinking water sometimes cannot be met by well water sources or water that has been treated by PDAM. Along with technological advances, accompanied by increasingly busy community activities today tend to choose a more practical way at a relatively low cost in meeting drinking water needs. One of the alternative ways to fulfill drinking water needs is by using mineral water products. Marketing is a process of preparing integrated communication that aims to provide information about goods or services in relation to human needs. The marketing carried out at the Riayadus Samawi Islamic Boarding School is still very simple, namely from word of mouth to the congregation. So that Yarisa Drinking Water has not been sold widely like bottled drinking water in general because the majority of consumers are still worshipers and the neighborhood around the cottage. The purpose of this community service is to contribute thoughts and training, especially to the manager of Yarisa drinking water regarding the importance of analyzing marketing strategies for a company in an effort to market its products so that these products can be accepted by the public and distributed widely. The PKM process carried out at the Riyadus Samawi Ludoyo Blitar Islamic Boarding School consists of three stages, including: first, problem identification with a study carried out by the PKM team, Yarisa drinking water managers, cottage administrators, cottage caregivers, and cottage owners to find out the quality and development of Yarisa drinking water marketing strategies. The second stage is the implementation of PKM by holding a seminar with the theme “Marketing Strategy for Bottled Drinking Water at Riyadus Samawi Islamic Boarding School” and attended by Yarisa drinking water managers and students and board members. The third stage is monitoring and evaluation of whether the bottled drinking water marketing strategy delivered by the PKM team has been implemented in Yarisa drinking water. The results of this PKM are socialization and assistance regarding bottled drinking water marketing strategies and making several marketing and motivational programs so that in the future Yarisa drinking water owned by Riyadus Samawi Islamic Boarding School can be marketed widely.

Living within the Watershed: Managing Urban Water Supply in a Growing Metropolis

London’s rapid population growth during the nineteenth century drove demand for larger volumes of higher-quality water. This gave rise to Parliamentary bills for large infrastructure projects to transfer water to London from outside the Thames watershed and for the transfer of private company assets to municipal management. Wales was the most frequently suggested source, as it was argued to have cleaner, softer, and more abundant water. London’s water companies favored using improved infrastructure, connected networks, and demand management. Despite substantial investment, London’s water company assets and responsibilities were transferred to the Metropolitan Water Board in 1904. Looking back in 1953, fifty years after it was formed to take over London’s water infrastructure, the Metropolitan Water Board noted that extensive acquisition of land for reservoirs and watershed protection by the water companies proved invaluable in securing a sustainable water supply for the metropolis a century later.

How Public Relation Exist and Operate in the Organisation?

With the development of technology and the change of life style, organisations are seeking more effectiveness and efficient way to practice the public relations. How public relation works in the organisations has been studies extensively. This essay will focus on how public relation exist and operate in the organisation from three different aspects which are traditional media, social media and stakeholder engagement which link one-way or two-way Grunig and Hunt’s models. The one-way or two-way Grunig and Hunt’s models will be explained in the essay as well. Moreover, the essay will take M&M’s chocolate, Brisbane City Council and Manila Water Company as three examples to testify how the three approaches working in the public relations in society. Finally, it is recommended that the organisations are better to choose the suitable method basing on the organisations’ strategy and which ethical framework they applied.

ENHANCING CUSTOMER ACQUISITION THROUGH CREATIVE COMMUNICATION IN PERSONAL SELLING: A CASE STUDY OF PT TIRTA ASASTA DEPOK (PERSERODA)

This research aims to explore the role of communication creativity in personal selling strategies to increase the number of customers in the Marketing Team of the Regional Water Company Tirta Asasta Depok in 2024. The method is an exploratory case study. Primary data was collected through interviews and direct observations, while secondary data was gathered from literature, company documents, and previous research. The theoretical framework includes Computer-Mediated Communication, Social Exchange Theory, and Media Convergence Theory. The research findings show that communication creativity in personal selling involves utilizing media convergence tools such as laptops, WhatsApp, email, and Zoom to interact and negotiate with customers. This strategy is further enhanced by offering rewards, providing gifts, and using motivational narratives to build relationships. It also includes delivering more comfortable services with improved negotiation management and collaborating with local authorities to expand outreach. As communicators, neat and polite appearances, along with the use of "lip service" to create comfort and trust play significant roles. However, communication barriers were negative customer perceptions regarding new connection fees, public corporate image, and the skepticism toward government-owned enterprises. The findings indicate that creativity in communication can effectively enhance customer acquisition.

The Effects of Logistics Management Practice on Organizational Performance a Study of Win Water Company Wolaita Zone, Boditi Town, Snnpr, Ethiopia

The Effects of Logistics Management Practice on Organizational Performance a Study of Win Water Company Wolaita Zone, Boditi Town, Snnpr, Ethiopia

Assessing performance of water supply operation of water companies in China: A union dynamic multi-activity network data envelopment analysis

Urban growth and the increasing urban water demand highlight the importance of performance analysis in the water supply industry. Both water supply companies (WSCs) and water supply and sewage companies (WSSCs) produce and deliver potable water for city dwellers. Water authorities use benchmarks to monitor the two types of companies’ operations. The internal operation process and heterogeneities of observations were not considered for relative performance evaluation by conventional DEA models. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes a union dynamic multi-activity network data envelopment analysis (DMANDEA) model to extend static network DEA to a more general case for dynamic efficiency assessment of the water supply operations of water companies. For the first time, the model allows for the decomposition of the water supply operation into water production (WP) and water consumption (WC) substages and performance comparisons for water companies by considering their heterogeneity simultaneously. Specifically, by using a non-radial directional distance function (DDF), the inefficiencies for substages and the entire system can be both assessed dynamically. This model is applied to a sample of 246 water companies in China in 2016–2018. The overall, period, and substages’ group efficiencies, meta efficiency, and technology gap ratio (TGR) for 179 WSCs and 67 WSSCs are all provided. The empirical results reveal that: (1) the average group efficiencies of WSCs and WSSCs are 0.4567 and 0.6611, respectively. The meta efficiencies of WSCs and WSSCs are 0.4523 and 0.4703, respectively. The TGR of WSCs (0.994) is greater than that of WSSCs (0.7067). (2) WSSCs perform better than WSCs do, which suggests that economies of scope do exist in WSSCs. However, WSCs possess the best technology for water supply operations because of their high TGR. (3) The average meta efficiency for all the observed water companies (0.4572) is not optimistic, which correlates more with inefficiency in the WP stage. The causes stem from the natural monopoly, lack of competition, and relatively lower water tariffs. The Chinese water supply industry requires diversification of ownership and operation modes, and gradual increases in water tariffs. (4) Water companies in the eastern region outperform those in other regions. Regional cooperation, such as technology sharing, the transfer of managerial experience, and information exchange, needs to be emphasized.

Probabilistic Multi-Item Inventory Model for Chemicals in Regional Drinking Water Company

Inventory management of chemicals in The Regional Drinking Water Company (Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum, PDAM) is known to play an essential role in ensuring the smooth production of clean water and preventing shortages of chemicals that can affect production. At present, 2 primary models for multi-item inventory replenishment are under consideration by PDAM, namely individual and joint replenishment of items. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of individual and joint replenishment models based on uncertain demand with specific probability distribution. The results showed that a probabilistic inventory model (Q, r) with individual replenishment for chemicals in PDAM was recommended.

Incorporating taste and odour problems in water safety plans

ABSTRACT Many water companies are at least occasionally affected by unpleasant taste and odour (T&O) in drinking water. For decades, aesthetic water quality has been of secondary concern to water producers, with water safety being the primary focus. However, there has been a recent shift towards prioritising consumer satisfaction, encompassing not only services, but also water quality, including T&O issues, which can negatively impact the supplier's reputation. Starting to address a T&O problem until consumers' complaints become massive is too late and puts water producers under great stress to take effective action in a timely manner. Rather, a preventive approach is necessary. The most effective approach is to include T&O as a hazard to assess and manage in the context of developing a water safety plan (WSP) for the supply system. The development of a WSP provides an excellent platform for including the stakeholders needed to control the source of T&O events, as this often requires multistakeholder cooperation. Our review provides a comprehensive guide to addressing T&O occurrences and shows how this can be included in the framework and the steps of WSP development. It identifies supporting tools and illustrates the information given with a number of examples from water suppliers' practice.

Analyzing the effects of extreme cold waves on urban water supply network safety: A case study from 2020 to 2021

Urban water supply networks are crucial for the transportation of water resources. However, with the increasing frequency and severity of cold wave disasters linked to climate change, the impact on water supply systems has become a critical concern. These impacts include pipe failures, customer water outages, and challenges in meeting peak winter water demand. To address this, our study analyzes data from cold waves in Shanghai from late 2020 to early 2021. We statistically examined daily water supply volume, pressure, and pipe failures to detect abnormal changes. We also analyzed pipe failure rates based on different characteristics to identify which pipes are most vulnerable to cold wave damage. Understanding the winter cold wave's effects can help water companies prioritize maintenance on aging pipes before such events, reducing damage and improving service. This research adds to the understanding of climate change's impact on urban infrastructure and provides valuable insights for global water companies to optimize their maintenance strategies.

The evolution of benchmaking the carbon efficiency drinking water companies in England and Wales

Water utilities face the challenge of transitioning to a low-carbon urban water cycle while reducing operational costs. This study evaluates the static and dynamic carbon efficiency of a sample of water companies from 2013 to 2018 operating in England and Wales. Each company was evaluated relative to itself and its peers using cross-efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis techniques. The results showed that the carbon performance of the water industry improved by 2.1% per year, mainly due to efficiency change. In contrast, the contribution of factors driving technical and scale change was almost negligible.