Water Chestnut Research Articles

Starchy vegetable intake in the first trimester is associated with a higher risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective population-based study

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between starchy vegetable consumption and subgroup consumption in the first trimester and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods A prospective study (n = 1444) was conducted in China. Dietary information was assessed by 24-hour dietary recalls for three days and then we calculated the consumption of total starchy vegetable and its subgroups, including (1) potato and (2) other starchy vegetable (pumpkin, lotus root, yam, taro, water chestnut, pea, and cowpea). GDM was diagnosed according to the results of 75-g two-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24–28 weeks of gestation. A modified log-binomial regression was used to estimate RRs and 95% CIs of GDM risk. Results Among the 1444 participants in our study, 520 were diagnosed with GDM. The adjusted RRs (95% CIs) for GDM from the lowest to the highest quartiles of total starchy vegetable consumption were 1.00 (reference), 1.29 (1.06, 1.57), 1.13 (0.93, 1.40), and 1.26 (1.02, 1.56), respectively; p for trend = .032. For potato, the RR of GDM risk was 1.32 for the highest potato intake quartile compared with the lowest quartile (95% CI 1.07–1.64, p for trend = .003). In addition, we did not observe an association between other starchy vegetable intakes and GDM risk. Conclusions A higher consumption of total starchy vegetables and potatoes in the first trimester is associated with a greater risk of GDM.

Hydrogen Sulfide Inhibits Enzymatic Browning of Fresh-Cut Chinese Water Chestnuts.

This work investigates the role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the browning and regulating the antioxidant defensive system in fresh-cut Chinese water chestnuts. The samples were fumigated with 0, 10, and 15 μl L−1 of H2S and stored at 10°C for 8 days. The results indicated that the H2S treatment significantly inhibited the browning of fresh-cut Chinese water chestnuts, reduced superoxide anion () production rate and H2O2 content accumulation, promoted the increase of total phenol content, and enhanced activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) (P < 0.05). On the other hand, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD) activities remained at a low level in the H2S treatment (P < 0.05). This result suggested that H2S treatment might be a promising approach to inhibit browning and prolong the shelf life by enhancing oxidation resistance and inhibiting browning enzyme activity of fresh-cut Chinese water chestnuts during storage. Among them, the 15 μl L−1 H2S treatment had the best effect on fresh-cut Chinese water chestnuts.

Eleocharis dulcis (Burm.f) as a promising trap plant for the biocontrol of rice white stem borer, Scirpophaga innotata (Walker)

The rice white stem borer, Scirpophaga innotata Walker (Family: Crambidae) is a major lepidopteran pest of rice from seedling to ear setting stage. Due to their hidden life style, no satisfactory means of control other than systemic pesticide application, habitat management, and egg parasitism have been prescribed yet. It is observed that S. innotata use a plant, the Chinese water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis (Burm. F.)) (Family: Cyperaceae) for oviposition. We investigated why and how S. innotata is benefited by using E. dulcis for oviposition to prescribe it as a trap plant for managing the pest. We surveyed moths and egg clutches, and studied functional traits of eggs, egg hatching, and egg parasitism in eggs deposited on rice and the chestnut for three years in Kaipad rice fields of peninsular India. We observed 20 times more egg clutches on the chestnut than on rice. The egg density in clutches and hatching rate were high in eggs deposited on the chestnut. Egg parasitism was meager and restricted only to the eggs deposited on rice. However, no larvae hatched on the chestnut in the lab survived. The results suggest that E. dulcis could be a dead-end trap plant for biological control of S. innotata. We do not rule out the probability of the moth using E. dulcis for oviposition, escaping from egg parasitoids, and most importantly for rapid spread of neonates to rice. We recommend using E. dulcis as a trap plant to trap the eggs and removing them to manage this pest in rice fields.

Numerical optimization of process parameters of water chestnut flour incorporated corn‐based extrudates: Characterizing physicochemical, nutraceutical, and storage stability of the developed product

The present research was undertaken to optimize process conditions for development of water chestnut incorporated corn-based extrudates. The independent extrusion variables—feed composition, feed moisture, screw speed and barrel temperature were studied to determine their influence on dependent variables-specific mechanical energy, expansion index, bulk density, water solubility index, water absorption index, hardness, and color. All system and product responses were significantly (p < .05) influenced by independent variables. The regression models fitted to experimental design showed high coefficient of determination (R2 ≥ 0.99). The optimum conditions for development of extrudates obtained by numerical optimization were corn flour : water chestnut flour (60:40), feed moisture (14%), barrel temperature (170°C), and screw speed (300 rpm). Moisture, protein, and fat contents of extrudates developed using optimum conditions were significantly (p < .05) lower than corn and water chestnut. Storage studies revealed safe storage of extrudates packed in aluminum laminates up to 120 days under ambient conditions without compromising much of its qualities. Practical applications Water chestnut possesses excellent therapeutic potential owing to the presence of bioactive compounds including glycosides, phytosterols, flavonoids, and tannins, which may help in alleviating various diseases. Besides, water chestnut has low glycemic index; thus, the developed products prepared from it may be suitable for diabetics. Extruded products have better consumer acceptability in terms of shelf life and organoleptic characteristics. Therefore, the extruded products developed from nutritionally rich water chestnut would be a better alternative to already available extruded snacks in food industry. It can open up a new horizon in the field of extrusion products.

Mathematical modelling of hot air drying of water chestnut kernels

Drying characteristics of water chestnut kernels were evaluated at different air temperatures (50, 60 and 70 °C) in commercially available hot air tray dryer and sun drying. Drying rate of water chestnut kernels 1.1880, 1.6181, 2.6688 and 0.7249 g water/ g dry matter-min were found at drying temperatures of 50, 60, 70 ºC and sun drying (38 ± 5 ºC), respectively at 15 min time interval. The Midilli–Kucuk model fitted better on the basis of higher R2 value (0.99978) and lower values of X2 and RSME values as 0.0000162 and 0.004028784 at 60 °C.

Effect of high-pressure carbon dioxide treatment on browning inhibition of fresh-cut Chinese water chestnut (Eleocharis tuberosa): Based on the comparison of damaged tissue and non-damaged tissue

In this paper, the effect of high-pressure carbon dioxide (HPCD) inhibiting the browning of fresh-cut Chinese water chestnut (CWC) was explored by comparing the differences between damaged and non-damaged tissues. The results showed that the browning of fresh-cut CWC could be effectively inhibited by 2 and 4 MPa treatment, and with these conditions, the microbial load was kept at a low and stable level during the whole storage period. In damaged tissues, the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity was decreased, thus cutting off the accumulation of naringenin and eriodictyol (only slightly detected at 1 MPa). In non-damaged tissues, the activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), and PAL were significantly increased to overcome the treatment stress. The structural change of PAL proved its activity reduction. The mechanism of browning inhibition could be explained by direct inactivation of PAL in damaged tissue and indirect regulation of stress resistance response in non-damaged tissue.

Hypophosphite tailored graphitized hierarchical porous biochar toward highly efficient solar thermal energy harvesting and stable Storage/Release

• Hypophosphite is used as a multifunctional activator in fabricating porous biochar. • Graphitic porous biochar derived from water chestnuts was developed. • Unique interpenetrating network was tailored via triple effects of hypophosphite. • The porous biochar had high pore volume and effective light trapping ability. • Achieved excellent solar thermal energy harvesting and storage/release capacity. Utilization of renewable solar energy is a promising pathway to relieve the severe energy shortage in current fossil fuel society, for which phase change materials (PCMs) based on sustainable porous biomass carbon materials represent an attractive and enormously potential option. However, structural tailor of hierarchical pores independent of biomass natural structure is still difficult for these carbon materials, thus seriously limiting their efficiency in solar thermal energy harvesting and stable storage/release. In this work, hierarchical porous carbons (HPCs) derived from chestnuts were fabricated by using aluminum hypophosphite (AP) as a multifunctional (dehydrating, blowing, and crosslinking) activator. Different measurements confirmed that unique interpenetrating HPC network structures with continuous channels were tailored via the triple effects of AP. The resulting HPC displays high pore volume and high thermal conductivity. The HPC-stabilized composite PCM with 85 wt% octadecane (Octadecane 85 @HPC) possesses the high transition enthalpy of 216.2 J g −1 and shows high reliability in thermal cycle test. Compared with currently reported similar bio-based PCMs, the Octadecane 85 @HPC shows higher energy storage capacity. Interestingly, the solar thermal energy conversion efficiency of the Octadecane 85 @HPC reaches 96.1%, presenting excellent solar energy harvesting capacity. This work provides a promising strategy to tailor biomass HPC for highly efficient solar thermal energy harvesting and storage/release.

ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ РЕАБИЛИТАЦИИ МАНЖЕРОКСКОГО ОЗЕРА (РЕСПУБЛИКА АЛТАЙ)

Introduction. Manzherok Lake is the only habitat of the Red Book endemic water chestnut (Trapa pectinata) in the Altai Republic. In the second half of the 20th century, its catchment area underwent significant anthropogenic transformations, increasing the degradation of the lake ecosystem. To stabilize the state of the reservoir, in 2017–2018, its central part was cleared of the bottom silt (sapropels). Methods. In 2019–2020, as part of monitoring the state of the lake’s water area, 11 rounds of water testing were conducted at six points on two profiles. In total, we collected 72 water samples and studied their chemical composition and, partially, microbiological parameters. The suspended matter content, turbidity and oxidability of water were determined on an ongoing basis. Results. We identified a trend for a consistent decrease in the content of suspended particles and other indicators of the ecological state of water. The forecast for 2020 to improve the quality of lake water was confirmed. We also revealed other positive changes in the ecological state of Manzherok Lake after its clearing. Conclusion. We determined features of lake ecosystem self-restoration after rehabilitation and made a forecast regarding the preservation of positive trends in the restoration of water quality for the next 1–2 years. It is shown that the lake clearing of the bottom silt did not solve the problem of its rehabilitation to the full.

Competition between two floating-leaved aquatic plants

Water chestnut (Trapa natans L.) is a notorious aquatic invasive species invading wetlands and waterways of the northeastern United States. In the Great Lakes watershed, specifically Lake Ontario coastal wetlands, water chestnut grows in areas similar to the native white water lily (Nymphaea odorata Aiton). To understand better the competitive interactions these species may have, they were grown in mesocosms in a factorial design to simulate varying levels of invasion. Biomass, percent cover, number of rosettes or leaves, and specific leaf area of both species, and seed production of T. natans were measured and analyzed. Relative growth rate (RGR) was also calculated. These data were analyzed using Spitters’ reciprocal-yield model to explore inter-specific and intra-specific effects. Regressions of T. natans percent cover, N. odorata percent cover, number of T. natans rosettes, and number of N. odorata leaves against planting density were statistically significant. Inter-specific competition from N. odorata was 2.27 times more effective than intra-specific competition on T. natans percent cover. These analyses indicate that N. odorata exerts more competitive pressure on T. natans than T. natans on N. odorata or either species intra-specifically. However, these analyses also indicate that N. odorata may facilitate T. natans seed production. Understanding competitive interactions between T. natans and other species can help inform management decisions.

Semiaquatic spiders Alopecosa cinnameopilosa rely on prey derived from macrophyte‐based food web: evidence from Lake Izunuma, Japan

Although lacustrine food webs have been extensively studied, food webs formed on floating-leaved macrophytes are poorly understood. In recent years, lotus Nelumbo nucifera, which was often seen in shallow waters, has rapidly expanded and covered a significant part of the surface of the eutrophic shallow Lake Izunuma in Japan. We investigated the diet of the semiaquatic spider Alopecosa cinnameopilosa collected from lotus vegetation and the shore, using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes. We categorized the spiders’ potential diet as aquatic prey (aquatic insects and small fish), terrestrial insects, or semiaquatic leaf beetles (Donacia provostii and Galerucella nipponensis) that forage mainly on floating-leaved macrophytes. In lotus vegetation, A. cinnameopilosa relied mostly on leaf beetles (mean dietary contribution: 57.3% in July and 46.0% in September). On the lake shore, A. cinnameopilosa relied on both leaf beetles (41.0%) and aquatic prey (36.4%) in July, whereas they relied mostly on aquatic prey (83.1%) in September. The difference in diets between sites could reflect differences between sites in the abundance of leaf beetles. Therefore, macrophyte-based food webs that start from lotus or water chestnuts could significantly support semiaquatic spiders on macrophyte vegetation in Lake Izunuma.

Study on the Evaluation of (Heavy) Metals in Water and Sediment of Skadar Lake (Montenegro), with BCF Assessment and Translocation Ability (TA) by Trapa natans and a Review of SDGs

Skadar Lake is a crypto-depression, a shallow lake, near to the Adriatic coast; the largest in the Balkan Peninsula and in southeastern Europe. The Lake is a very complex aquatic ecosystem in which anthropogenic activities have a long history in terms of the impact on wildlife and the overexploitation of natural resources. Such consequences related to heavy metals represent a global problem. Heavy metal pollution can cause severe ecological consequences in aquatic ecosystems. These pollutants accumulate in the aquatic biota from water, sediment and through the food chain, the impact can magnify. Aquatic macrophytes are good indicators of the health of a water body. This research was carried out to evaluate heavy metals concentration in water, sediment and in the aquatic macrophyte Trapa natans (water chestnut), with BCF (bio-concentration factor), BSAF (biota sediment accumulation factor) and TA (translocation ability), in order to determine the water quality of this specific part of the aquatic ecosystem of Skadar Lake near to the settlement of Vranjina, a fishing village. The determination of heavy metals was carried out by ICP-OES. (Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry). Statistical analysis was established by R statistical computing software, version 3.5.3. The metal concentration in the water decreases in the following sequential order: As &gt; Pb &gt; Zn &gt; Cu = Al = Cr &gt; Cd = Hg. Meanwhile in the sediment, the descending sequence is as follows: Cr &gt; Zn &gt; Cu &gt; Pb &gt; As &gt; Cd &gt; Hg. The ability of plants to absorb and accumulate metals from the aqueous growth medium was assessed using a bio-concentration factor. The BCF in the stem, leaf and fruit has high values, mainly, of Al, Cr, Cu and Zn, while for the biota sediment accumulation factor, the highest values were recorded for the following elements: Hg, Cd, Cu and Zn. Analysis of the translocation ability of TA shows the dominance of four metals: Pb, Cd, Hg and As. A significant positive Kendall’s correlation coefficient between sediment and stem (R = 0.73, p &lt; 0.05), stem and leaf (R = 0.87, p &lt; 0.05) and leaf and fruit (R = 1, p &lt; 0.05) was established.

Identification of Lactate as a Cardiac Protectant by Inhibiting Inflammation and Cardiac Hypertrophy Using a Zebrafish Acute Heart Failure Model.

Acute heart failure (AHF) commonly arises from decompensated chronic heart failure or sudden structural and functional breakdown causing a decrease in cardiac contractility and consequently fluid accumulation and systemic congestion. Current treatment for AHF aims at reducing fluid overload and improving hemodynamic which results in quick symptom relief but still poor prognostic outcome. This study utilizes a zebrafish AHF model induced by aristolochic acid (AA) to look for natural products that could attenuate the progression of AHF. The project started off by testing nearly seventy herbal crude extracts. Two of the positive extracts were from Chinese water chestnuts and are further studied in this report. After several rounds of chromatographical chemical fractionation and biological tests, a near pure fraction, named A2-4-2-4, with several hydrophilic compounds was found to attenuate the AA-induced AHF. A2-4-2-4 appeared to inhibit inflammation and cardiac hypertrophy by reducing MAPK signaling activity. Chemical analyses revealed that the major compound in A2-4-2-4 is actually lactate. Pure sodium lactate showed attenuation of the AA-induced AHF and inflammation and cardiac hypertrophy suppression as well, suggesting that the AHF attenuation ability in A2-4-2-4 is attributable to lactate. Our studies identify lactate as a cardiac protectant and a new therapeutic agent for AHF.

Oil palm dispersal into protected wetlands: Human–environment dichotomies and the limits to governance in southern Mexico

New governance strategies, mostly based on certification, emerged as a response to the severe environmental impacts oil palm has had across the globe. Following a political ecology approach, this article argues that dominant understandings of nature–society relations informing palm oil governance limit efforts to prevent and mitigate such impacts. This study analyses oil palm dispersal into protected coastal wetlands in Chiapas (Mexico), the governance strategies it triggered and its causes. Based on ethnographic methods, complemented with archival work and land use and cover change analysis, this article examines the environmental narratives underlying governance efforts and the material entanglements leading to oil palm dispersal from a more-than-human perspective. Dominant environmental narratives, which relied on popular dichotomous conceptions of human–environment relations, blamed smallholders while overlooking the role played by corporations, the state, and oil palm itself. Such narratives have not only political (the disempowerment of smallholders) but also ecological consequences (oil palm dispersal into water chestnut and mangrove forests continues). This article highlights the need to question the knowledge frames driving palm oil governance, to consider the power-laden character of specific forms of knowing and telling environmental change, and to conceive oil palm as necessarily entangled in a complex web of socio-ecological relations.

Skin-related enzyme inhibitory activity by hydrolyzable polyphenols in water chestnut (Trapa natans) husk.

Water chestnut is a floating leaf plant native to Asia and Europe. Its fruit has long been used as an edible and herbal medicine. Water chestnut contains many polyphenols and its consumption can prevent lifestyle-related diseases because it has a suppressive effect on postprandial blood glucose elevation; however, its suitability as a cosmetic material is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the antiaging effect of polyphenols contained in the husk of the devil water chestnut (Trapa natans). Six hydrolyzable polyphenols-1,6-di-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranose, 1,2,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranose, 1,6-di-O-galloyl-2,3-O-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-β-d-glucopyranose (nobotanin D), eugeniin, 1,2,3,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranose, and trapain-were collected and isolated from the water chestnut husk. These polyphenols showed high antioxidant and antiglycation activities. In addition, inhibitory activities against hyaluronidase, elastase, and collagenase were observed. Especially, eugeniin and trapain, which have many gallic acids and a hexahydroxy-biphenyl group, showed high inhibitory activities. Thus, the polyphenols in water chestnut are beneficial for antiaging effects.

Cloning and Expression Analysis of &lt;i&gt;EdAGPL1&lt;/i&gt; in &lt;i&gt;Eleocharis dulcis&lt;/i&gt;

In order to clone the cDNA sequence of water chestnut AGPase large subunit gene ( EdAGPL1 ) and analyze its structural characteristics and its expression in different tissues and corm development of water chestnut. Using water chestnut &#39;Guilin water chestnut &#39; as research material. The EdAGPL1 gene was cloned by RT-PCR and analyzed by bioinformatics. The expression of EdAGPL1 &nbsp;in different tissues and corm development process was analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technology. The results showed that the length of the cloned EdAGPL1 gene was 1 744 bp, its open reading frame was 1 599 bp, it encoded 532 amino acids, the protein molecular mass was 58.84 kD, the isoelectric point was 7.54, and it had NTP_transferase and PbH1 domains. The secondary structure was composed of helix (13.72%), for the strand (25.19%) and the loop (61.09%). The tertiary structure consists of 17 &alpha;-helices, 34 &beta;-sheets, and 51 &beta;-turn (curl) composition. Homology and phylogenetic analysis showed that the homology of amino acid sequence of EdAGPL1 and other plants AGPL protein was 57.54%~61.64%, and has far evolutionary kinship with other plants. Fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis showed that the expression of EdAGPL1 &nbsp;in different tissues was corm&gt; leaf stem &gt; stolon &gt; root. The expression of EdAGPL1 &nbsp;was the highest in the initial stage of corm development, and then it decreased and remainedstable. The study of this gene will help to clarify the regulation mechanism of starch synthesis in water chestnut and provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of high-starch varieties.

Physiological Mechanism of Exogenous Vitamin E Influencing Shelf-Life, Physicochemical Quality and Microorganism of Fresh-Cut Chinese Water Chestnut

Prolonging shelf-life of fresh-cut water-chestnut (WC) by Vitamin E (VE) was investigated. Degree of browning, degree of decay and edible quality of fresh-cut WC were evaluated as evaluation indexes of shelf-life. Meanwhile, total soluble solids content (TSSC), titratable acid (TA), ascorbic acid content, hardness, ethylene content, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity, total phenols content, number of thermophilic bacteria colonies and number of yeast and mold colonies were analyzed. Shelf-life of fresh-cut WC could be prolonged 4 days by soaking them in 0.04% (v/v) VE anhydrous ethanol (1% (v/v)) solution for 30 min. VE inhibited the increasing of PPO and POD activity, and the declining of total phenol content and hardness. VE had little effect on number of thermophilic bacteria colonies and number of yeast and mold colonies of fresh-cut WC. These results indicated that VE had potential application value in prolonging shelf-life of fresh cut WC.

Antidiabetic and anticancer activity of Chinese water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis) extract with multistage extraction.

The aims of this research were to observe yield extract, phytochemical content, the antidiabetic and anticancer activity of Chinese water chestnut. This research method used an experimental laboratory, and data analysis was carried out descriptively. The stages carried of this research are sample extraction, extract yield, phytochemical analysis (flavonoid and phenolic content), antidiabetic, and anticancer activity. The results showed that the yield of extract using ethanol on Chinese water chestnut was higher than that extracts using n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvents. Phenolic and flavonoids compounds are polar so that the results of extracts with ethanol solvents show higher values than that extracts using n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvents. The result of antidiabetic activity has the highest value at a concentration of 2000 ppm using ethanol value of 65.74%. The results of the anticancer activity were expressed by (IC50), the IC50 value of the n-hexane extract was 1.231.74 ppm, ethyl acetate 941.04 ppm, and ethanol 2.261.90 ppm.

Physiological Mechanism of Exogenous Vitamin E Influencing Shelf-Life, Physicochemical Quality and Microorganism of Fresh-Cut Chinese Water Chestnut

Physiological Mechanism of Exogenous Vitamin E Influencing Shelf-Life, Physicochemical Quality and Microorganism of Fresh-Cut Chinese Water Chestnut

Inhibition and interactions of alpha-amylase by daucosterol from the peel of Chinese water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis).

The alpha-amylase inhibitory effect of daucosterol purified from the peel of Chinese water chestnut (CWC), a common Chinese vegetable, was assessed. The alpha-amylase inhibitory properties were elucidated by enzyme inhibition, fluorescence quenching and molecular docking experiments. It was found that three saponins from CWC peel exhibited potent inhibitory activity on alpha-amylase and daucosterol was found to be the main inhibitory factor against alpha-amylase with a mixed-type mode. Strong fluorescence quenching of alpha-amylase was observed under static fluorescence quenching with hydrophobic interactions with daucosterol. Molecular docking revealed that the conformation of daucosterol in the high-affinity sites I and II of alpha-amylase was optimum, and hydrophobic interactions were produced by daucosterol aglycone, and hydrogen bonding by the β-D-glucopyranosyl residue. Ingested daucosterol suppressed the elevation of blood glucose levels through inhibition of alpha-amylase in the small intestine in starch-loaded mice. This study provides data supporting the potential benefit of daucosterol from CWC peel in the treatment of diabetes.

Field Design for Enhancing Water Productivity in Waterlogged Areas with Efficient Water Harvesting and Farming System

Low productivity in waterlogged ecosystem is due to excess and deficit water stress during wet season and dry season, respectively. Good quality surface water abundantly available in the ecosystem can be harvested and used efficiently in farming system for enhancing land and water productivity. For deep waterlogged areas (ponding depth > 1 m), improved rice–fish integrated farming system is suggested. Land modifications for this include excavating soil from a pond refuge (7% area) and two side trenches (10% area), and constructing wide dykes (23% area) on four sides of the system. Water harvesting up to potential level and growing of water loving crops (water chestnut, deep water rice) is suggested. Emphasis is given to grow dry season rice with irrigation requirement of 572.4 mm (dry season rainfall not considered) for the test soil with low seepage percolation loss (0.47 to 1.93 mm day−1 during November to April). This was due to high clay content (52 to 55%) having wet swelling property. Dry season rice occupying 6000 m2 area in 1 ha rice–fish system area may demand 3434 m3 additional water considering residual harvested water (200 mm). A supporting farm pond (45 m × 40 m × 3 m) located nearby may provide this demand including pisciculture and dyke crops. For moderately deep water logged area (ponding depth 0.5 to 1 m), adoption of wide spaced creeper crop, drip irrigation and early seedling raising are suggested for water saving in dry season. Water requirement for 1 ha dry season pumpkin crop is 4200 m3. Supporting farm pond (45 m × 40 m × 3 m) is required for meeting the irrigation demand of pumpkin, dyke crops and pisciculture in farm pond.