Water exercise (i.e., water aerobics) has been traditionally compared to treadmill running on land (Hoeger et al., 1995; Butts et al., 1991). Treadmill running on land has been reported to elicit greater HR and VO2 responses than water exercise. The purpose of this study was to compare HR and VO2 responses for comparable exercises performed on land (LN) and in chest deep water (WA). Twelve females (M age: 20 ± 1.6 yrs) completed two types of upright exercise (legs only; arms and legs) on LN and WA at 4 cadences (min 3, 6, 9, 12). Cadence (i.e., intensity) of the exercises was increased every 3 min. Repeated measures ANOVAs and appropriatepost hoc tests (p ≤.05) were calculated for HR and VO2 for environment, type of exercise, and intensity (min 3, 6). There was a significant interaction for intensity X environment. HR at the first cadence was significantly less for both types of WA exercises. [Cad 1=WAlegs: 119±20; WAarms/legs: 131±10; LNlegs: 121 ± 13; LNarms/legs: 137±18;(beats·min-1)] Mean VO2 for WA exercises were significantly greater for the first two cadences. [WACad 1: 17.5±5; LNCad 1: 14.5 ± 3; WACad 2: 24.0± 6; LNCad 2: 20.0 ± 4(ml·kg-1·min-1)] There was also a significant difference in HR due to type of exercise. Arms and legs exercise elicited greater HRs regardless of environment. These results indicate that similar exercises at similar intensities elicited a greater VO2 response in WA while HR reponses varied with the intensity of the exercise.