Water Absorption Measurements Research Articles

Study on the Water Absorption Characteristics of Anthracite Particles after Immersion in Water.

Reducing pollution caused by coal dust has always been a hot issue in the coal mining industry, and the water absorption of coal particles plays an important role in dust reduction. To study the relationship between different immersion time and the water absorption of coal particles, the substance content of coal particles after immersion was analyzed and water absorption characterization of coal particles was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), water absorption calculations, and water absorption measurements. The results indicate that immersion can alter the material content of coal particles, leading to a decrease in the content of soluble mineral kaolinite, thereby affecting the wettability of coal particles. Notably, the longer the immersion time, the higher the water absorption rate of the particles, indicating a more significant water absorption effect. Furthermore, there is a negative correlation between particle sizes and water absorption of coal particles. The research results provide a theoretical reference for reducing coal dust pollution and improving the efficiency of dust suppression through spray.

Exploring the potential of nitrophosphogypsum and calcined water-treatment plant sludges in mortar mixtures: A study on workability and strength

Mortar mixtures that consider alternative mineral admixtures are of constant research interest to reduce ordinary Portland cement (OPC) content thereby lowering final cost and carbon footprint. An additional concern is the proper management of industrial process residues that could be used in mortar mixes to avoid their disposal in landfills or water bodies. This work investigated the potential of using calcined water treatment plant sludge (CWTPS) and nitrophosphogypsum (NPG) - a byproduct of the fertilizer industry - as partial replacements of OPC in mortar mixtures. For this purpose, this research evaluates the crystallographic, chemical, and physical properties of NPG and CWTPS through X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). XRF and XRD findings strongly suggests that CWTPS qualifies as supplementary cementitious materials, due to its high content of silicon and aluminum oxides in a non-crystalline state. On the other hand, NPG could be used as a mineral admixture. The design of mixtures was based on the workability of 85% flow. The evaluation of properties encompasses the measurement of density, compressive strength, durability (pH and sulfate environments), and water absorption. The results demonstrate that incorporating of NPG and CWTPS to mortar mixes, each at a 5% inclusion rate (with a total replacement of 10% of OPC), increase compressive strength by up to 6.65% at 90 days compared to the control group in mortar mixes. However, the inclusion of NPG and CWTPS significantly decreases the workability of mortar mixes by up to 51.49%. The utilization of NPG as a partial replacement for OPC increases the water-to-cement ratio proportionally compared to the control sample, which can be explained by the anhydrite content of this byproduct. For its part, replacing 10% of OPC with NPG and CWTPS results in a 1.99% decrease in resistance after 28 days in sulfated environments compared to specimens cured in lime water. This protection of NPG against sulfate attack on mortars is based on the fact that SO3 saturation hinders the phase change from AFt to AFm during curing, as demonstrated by the XRD results. Additionally, the inclusion of NPG in mortar mixes increases capillary water absorption by up to 19.8%, while CWTPS, due to its pozzolanic nature, reduces it by up to 5.75%. Finally, this study explores the potential combined use of NPG and CWTPS in mortar mixes as a partial replacement for cement, presenting a viable and sustainable alternative for these cementitious-based construction materials.

Flame retardancy of cotton and cotton/polyester fabrics treated by coating with polymer blends containing aluminum and phosphorus metals under the effect of gamma irradiation

The main objective is to impart flame retardancy finishing to cotton and cotton/polyester fabrics. In this process, the fabrics were first treated by coating with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/plasticized starch (PLST) blends and then exposed to gamma irradiation. The treated fabrics were then loaded with aluminum sulphate [Al2(SO4)3] and monosodium dihydrophosphate (MSDP). The treated fabrics were characterized by the measurements of water absorption, crease recovery, surface morphology and tensile mechanical. Moreover, thermal stability of the treated fabrics was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The thermal stability was further investigated by determining the activation energy by two different methods based on Broido and the Horowitz–Metzger approximation equations. The results showed that the chemical and physical properties of the treated fabrics with PVA/PLST/metal composites were significantly improved. The flammability test in terms of time to catch fire (TF), time after glowing (TG) and weight left (WL) showed that the treated fabric and loaded with [Al2(SO4)3] and MSDP metals displayed improved flammability than untreated fabrics. In addition, the durability of the flame retardancy finished fabrics was evaluated by measuring the limiting oxygen index (LOI) after repeated washing cycles according a standard testing method. The results of durability test indicated that the fabrics treated with composites based on both [Al2(SO4)3] or MSDP metals proved to satisfy the flame retardancy with minimum weight lose percent.

Effect of pressure and time on water absorption of coated paperboard based on a modified Cobb test method

Effect of pressure and time on water absorption of coated paperboard based on a modified Cobb test method

Poly (Lactic Acid) Cellulose Biocomposite Films as Potential Antimicrobial Food Packaging Material

Polylactic acid (PLA)-cellulose bio-composites were developed by incorporating Aloe vera (A. vera) leaf gel at ratios of 100/50 and 50/50. This study aimed to evaluate their physico-chemical, barrier, and antibacterial properties for potential application in sustainable food packaging. Different composite films were prepared and characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical testing, water absorption, and Ultraviolet (UV) transmission measurements. Their antibacterial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus was assessed through agar diffusion and broth dilution assays. The presence of cellulose significantly affected the properties of the composite films. The 50/50 blend exhibited better chemical resistance and barrier properties compared to the 100/50 blend, highlighting the influence of cellulose content. Both ratios demonstrated promising antibacterial activity against all three target bacteria, while the 50/50 ratio showing pronounced inhibition against E. coli. These PLA-cellulose bio-composite films, with their combined UV-protective and antibacterial properties, present a sustainable and potential alternative to conventional food packaging materials, contributing to a reduced environmental pollution.

Beneficial Effects of Oxide-Based Additives on Li-and Mn-rich Cathode Active Materials

Li- and Mn-rich layered oxides such as Li1.14(Ni0.26Co0.14Mn0.60)0.86O2 (LMR-NCM) are potential next-generation cathode active materials (CAMs) for lithium ion-batteries, promising an increased energy density at lower materials costs compared to state-of-the-art CAMs. However, its commercial viability is still inhibited by its strong gassing, poor cycling stability, and voltage fading, so various approaches such as post-treatments or additives are being investigated. Here, it will be shown that the cycling performance of LMR-NCM//graphite coin-cells is drastically improved when assembled with 300 °C dried glassfiber (GF) separators (“GF-cells”) compared to cells with Celgard (CG) separators dried at 70 °C (“CG-cells”). The origin of this phenomenon is investigated by online electrochemical mass spectrometry (OEMS), TGA-MS, water absorption, and XPS measurements. These reveal that the superior performance of the GF-cells can be ascribed to the bulk water absorption capability of the 300 °C dried glassfiber material as well as its ability to scavenge HF, whereby H2O and HF are produced by the (electro)chemical oxidation of the electrolyte and the decomposition of the LiPF6 salt. Similar performance enhancements can be observed for 300 °C dried SiO2 nanoparticles added to the LMR-NCM cathodes or for an HF/H+ scavenging electrolyte additive.

Gamma radiation impact on dielectrics and RH sensitivity of nylon–carbon–GNP–epoxy composites

AbstractComposites of carbon–graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) epoxy with nylon‐66 interleaving were fabricated and investigated to understand the impact of γ‐irradiation on their dielectrics and relative humidity (RH) sensitivity by capacitance and water absorption measurements. The moisture sensitivity was investigated by measuring memory effect (hysteresis) and response time of the capacitance. Composites were γ‐irradiated at doses of 1000 and 3000 kGy and studied by the same set of measurements. X‐ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to understand the impact of γ‐irradiation on the morphology and surface roughness of the composites. Results of these measurements suggest that 3000‐kGy dose γ‐irradiation produces good chain scission and cross‐linking, resulting in reduced water absorption and a 360% increase in capacitance values. The sensitivity of capacitance for 3000‐kGy γ‐irradiated composite was found to be highest at 40 pF/%RH, and hysteresis was 1.8% RH and not observed in non‐irradiated composites. Based on these observations, it seems that 3000‐kGy γ‐irradiated composite could be a potential candidate for moisture content diagnostics during condition monitoring of the carbon–epoxy structures in several industrial applications and needs to be further investigated.Highlights Composites of carbon–GNP epoxy with nylon‐66 interleaving were γ‐irradiated. 3000‐kGy dose γ‐irradiated composites exhibit 360% increase in capacitance. Sensitivity and hysteresis were higher than those of 1000‐kGy and non‐irradiated samples. Good chain scission and cross‐linking resulted in reduced water absorption.

Influence of fly ash filler on the mechanical properties and water absorption behaviour of epoxy polymer composites reinforced with pineapple leaf fibre for biomedical applications.

This study explores the impact of fly ash (FA) filler on the mechanical, morphological, and water absorption properties of pineapple leaf fibre (PALF)-reinforced epoxy composites for biomedical applications. PALF, sourced from abundant agricultural waste, offers a sustainable alternative to synthetic fibres. Employing the hand layup process, varying wt% of FA (3%, 6%, and 9%) are incorporated into PALF-reinforced epoxy composites with different PALF concentrations (10%, 20%, and 30%). Mechanical assessments, including impact, flexural, and tensile strength, reveal that the introduction of up to 6 wt% FA enhances tensile strength by 65.3%, reaching its peak at this concentration. Flexural strength also improves by 31.9% with 6 wt% FA, while impact resistance reaches its maximum (74.18% improvement) at 9 wt% FA. Water absorption measurements demonstrate a decrease with increased FA content and exposure period, indicating enhanced water resistance. Scanning electron microscopy confirms the uniform distribution of FA, contributing to improved mechanical characteristics and water resistance. Optimality tests using Taguchi and response surface methodology (RSM) further confirm the experimental outcomes, emphasizing the potential of FA to enhance natural fibre-reinforced composites. This research suggests FA as a promising filler to elevate mechanical performance and water resistance in environmentally friendly composites.

Improved engineering model for water absorption in softwoods

Modeling of moisture transfer in porous materials is typically partitioned into liquid transport and vapor diffusion. Coefficients for liquid transport are often derived from laboratory measurements of water absorption by partial immersion. Although the assumption that capillary liquid transport is dominant while vapor diffusion is negligible is a reasonable assumption for mineral-based materials, recent work indicates that it is not representative of water absorption in wood across the grain. This article builds on earlier work and develops an improved engineering model for liquid water transport in softwoods. The approach uses a constant liquid diffusivity value, relies primarily on ordinary hygrothermal property measurements, and partitions vapor and liquid transport in a practical way that is informed by current understanding of wood–water interactions. The model is optimized using one-dimensional simulations calibrated against measured water uptake across a range of softwood species. Laboratory measurements were conducted to investigate key properties of eastern white cedar, which had the highest relative error in a previous version of the model, and to examine the practicality and relevance of vacuum saturation and free saturation for southern yellow pine. The model accuracy is improved by paying closer attention to the moisture storage function and capillary saturation value.

Effect of the strength grade of parent concrete on the performance of recycled aggregate treated by cement-fly ash slurry under prolonged soaking duration

The detrimental effects of quarrying natural resources have contributed to large-scale environmental pollution. Utilizing recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) obtained from construction and demolition waste as a replacement for natural aggregates has become an effective solution for environmental sustainability. However, the inevitably diminished characteristics of the adhered mortar and the existence of an additional interfacial transition zone (ITZ) have negatively suppressed the widespread use of these materials in production lines. The present study aims to comprehensively investigate the effects of a cement-fly ash slurry with a mass ratio of 50% of the total weight of RCA on the microstructure and engineering properties of RCA derived from three different parent concretes with strength grades of 20, 30, and 60 MPa. The RCAs were soaked for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h to evaluate the long-term effects of the pozzolanic slurry. A sequence of laboratory tests was conducted, including mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) test, thermal gravimetric–differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses, and measurements of water absorption and crushing value. The MIP results demonstrated a significant increase in medium capillary and gel pores, and a reduction in large capillary pores in the RCA with an increase in soaking time. TG-DTA results indicated an increase in Ca(OH)2 content during the first 24 h and 48 h of treatment. However, after 72 h of treatment, the Ca(OH)2 content of the treated RCA decreased in all cases. XRD analysis revealed the appearance of a few additional ettringite peaks among the treated RCAs in all cases. SEM images demonstrated the presence of additional hydration products after treatment, which filled the pores and improved the surface texture. Furthermore, after treatment, the crushing value of all treated RCA decreased by 6.0–27.1%, whereas the water absorption decreased by 12.0–30.9% compared to the untreated RCA. Based on several experimental results, the formation of hydration products and the improvement mechanism of RCA from three different parent concretes by slurry treatment with different soaking durations were discussed. In conclusion, a prolonged impregnation time of 72 h yielded a dominant performance, effectively intensifying their inferior properties, regardless of the initial strength grade of parent concrete.

Study on the influence of water ingress on the interface of high strength zinc coated steels and epoxy adhesives

This study aimed to assess the impact of humidity on adhesive joints comprising four different Zn-coated high strength steel substrates (SA, SB, SC, and SD) and two epoxy adhesives (EA and EB) at 70 °C. Several tests were conducted to analyse the effects of humidity on adhesive properties, under both dry and saturated conditions. Gravimetric tests were used to measure water absorption by the adhesives, while mechanical properties were evaluated through bulk tensile tests. Chemical structure changes were examined using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the glass transition temperature was determined using a DMA-like test. The water immersion behaviour of the substrates was studied through gravimetric tests and surface energy was analysed using contact angle measurements. The overall joint performance was assessed through gravimetric tests, and the mechanical impact of water was evaluated using single lap joint tests on both dry and aged joints, for one week and one month. The findings indicated that EB adhesive absorbed more water compared to EA, which did not reach saturation. FTIR analysis revealed significant chemical degradation in the EB adhesive after ageing, leading to greater deterioration in mechanical properties compared to EA. The bulk substrate tests showed similar surface energy among the substrates, with SA being the only substrate that did not corrode during water immersion. In terms of joint behaviour, cohesive failure was predominant in dry conditions, but as the joints aged, those with EB adhesive experienced a decrease in failure load due to adhesive degradation, while the interface remained strong. Joints with EA adhesive exhibited increasing interfacial failure, indicating weaker interfaces that allowed water ingress between the adhesive and substrate. Consequently, water uptake in the joints was higher for EA adhesive than for EB adhesive, contrary to the behaviour observed at the bulk level. SA and SD substrates demonstrated stronger interfaces with EA, likely due to their higher developed interfacial area ratio, which facilitated mechanical interlocking.

Capillary sorption, thermo physical characterizations and simulation study of an eco-friendly building material reinforced with Chamarrops humilis fibres

ABSTRACT This research introduces an environmentally friendly building material combining clay and Chamaerops humilis fibres, demonstrating substantial potential for enhancing thermal and energy efficiency in construction across diverse climates. The study aims to align construction materials with the heating and cooling requirements mandated by the Moroccan Thermal Building Regulations. Hygroscopic behaviour of the material was evaluated through experiments using gravimetric methods at varying temperatures and humidity levels. The assessment covered a wide air relative humidity range (5.72%–89.8%), enabling measurement of water absorption through capillarity. Thermal conductivity, density, and heat capacity were determined, critical for understanding the material’s thermal and energetic characteristics. Dynamic thermal simulations for a single thermal zone were performed to analyze the material’s impact on heating and cooling loads in different Moroccan climate zones: humid Agadir (zone 1), dry Marrakech (zone 5), and semi-arid Ouarzazate (zone 6). The analysis revealed substantial energy savings potential. The findings demonstrating comply with Moroccan Thermal Regulations, highlighting the efficacy of this composite material in meeting regulatory heating and cooling requirements.

An examining the static and dynamic mechanical characteristics of milled ramie root reinforced polyester composites

This research works discuss about the effective utilization of waste Ramie Root, that has been in reinforced polyester composites, powdered fillers that have not been treated are used. Four different composites plate were formed with compression moulding technique process consisting of 20, 30 and 40% of Powdered Ramie Root with 80, 70 and 60% unsaturated polyester resin, respectively. The maximum mechanical properties were observed for the composite with 30:70 weight volume percentages of milled ramie root synthetic reinforced polyester. The findings show that the glass transition temperature, storage modulus, and loss factors all rise when the composition of composites changes. Additionally, the powder cohesion force (bonding strength) has a greater impact on dynamic mechanical properties. Thermo-gravimetric the inclusion of Ramie Root powder caused the thermal deterioration peak of the composite to move from 370 °C to 418 °C, according to analysis (TGA) conducted under flowing oxygen. According to the measurement of water absorption, the ideal weight ratio of Fiber: Unsaturated Polyester Resin is 30:70, which modifies the fibres’ surfaces and ensures optimal adhesion between the fibre and matrix in composite materials. Scanning electron microscopic investigation is done to ascertain the fracture behaviour of the composite. As a result of their stability, high tensile strength, and bending stiffness, the produced composites can be used in light-load applications by material technologists.

Effect of gamma irradiation on the waste polyethylene/bagasse composites reinforced with flax and sisal fibers for use in wood applications

AbstractDue to their many benefits, including their environmentally benign nature, low cost, biodegradability, and generally good mechanical behavior, natural fibers represent one of the most attractive reinforcing materials. This paper describes the fabrication of green composites based on waste polyethylene (WPE)/bagasse reinforced with flax and sisal fibers. The composites were prepared using the hot‐mixing method in an internal mixer and molded in a hot press with a suitable thickness. This thickness is about 6 mm to ready for measurements belonging to the wood as impact strength, flexural strength, hardness, water absorption, density, and porosity measurements. The prepared specimens will be subjected to gamma irradiation to evaluate the effect of ionizing radiation on the fabricated samples. Furthermore, the thermal behaviors of the fabricated specimens were examined using TGA and DSC techniques. As a result of their superior mechanical performance, sisal, and flax fibers reinforced WPE/bagasse were able to create composites that were suitable for use in wood applications. The mechanical results revealed that composites with flax fiber are superior to composites with sisal fiber. With 30 phr fiber loading, WPE/bagasse thermal stability improved, with composites made of sisal being the best. With increasing fiber loading, the porosity of the composite rises due to the increase in density. Porosity decreases in composites with irradiation due to crosslinking and enhancement of the compatibility between fiber and matrix. Flax composites that have been irradiated exhibit significantly higher thermal stability than those that have not.Highlights Different advantages of natural fibers as their low cost, biodegradability, and generally good mechanical behavior are considered one of the most attractive reinforcing materials. Sisal and flax fibers reinforced WPE/bagasse were able to create composites that were suitable for use in wood applications. Green composites were prepared by the hot‐mixing method in an internal mixer and molded in a hot press with a suitable thickness of about 6 mm to ready for measurements belonging to the wood. Various studied properties were improved via ionizing irradiation due to crosslinking induced in the polymer matrix.

Physical properties of silver fir (Abies alba L.) wood cladding modified by traditional Japanese charring method

Silver fir (Abies alba L.) wood samples were charred on one surface using an enhanced version of the traditional Japanese Yakisugi method. The 15 charred boards obtained from five charring chimneys were divided into three different zones and investigated for their physical properties. The density profile, water absorption after 24 h of water submersion, and Brinell hardness were analyzed. In general, the temperature-time regime, which causes inside surface carbonization, was more evident at the bottom than at the top of the chimney. The density profile of the specimens revealed that the surface charring treatment decreased the surface density of the wood significantly. A gradient was visible from 383 kg/m² at the bottom to 424 kg/m² at the top. Water absorption measurements showed that a thicker carbonized layer could take up more water as a result of increased porosity. While 3,684 g/m² were absorbed at the bottom, the top accounted for only 2,533 g/m². Furthermore, with increasing thickness of the charred layer, the hardness gradually decreased. The average of the charred specimens reached only 3.2% of the hardness of the uncharred back side of the specimens.

Development of 3D printed nanomaterials for restoration of exterior artworks

Despite the great potential of 3D printing technologies coupled with nanotechnologies, just few studies are present in the scientific literature. Application of nanocomposites materials for 3D printing in the field of cultural heritage restoration, is a promising approach to obtain novel and functionalized materials for the artworks element to be recreated. In this context, the present work aims to study innovative nanocomposites materials suitable for the considered application. A commercial PLA filament was additivated with SiC, SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles, synthetized by CO2 laser pyrolysis. Nanocomposite filaments were produced by a co-rotating twin-screw extruder and specimens were produced by 3D printing and analysed against their mechanical and hydrophobic properties by means of tensile tests and water absorption and contact angle measurements, respectively.

Obsidian Hydration Dating: Summary and Status of a Physics-Based Approach

ABSTRACT Obsidian hydration dating (OHD) is a method of computing archaeological ages based on measuring water absorption by obsidian artifacts, and is widely used in the western United States. This abstract provides a single resource for the OHD user, including advances over the past decade. We describe obsidian mineralogy as it affects OHD; the effects of structural water content on hydration; the mathematical form of the hydration law; methods to control for structural water content and temperature history; methods for computing hydration rates; an analysis of error sources; and a method for conducting an OHD analysis. We address OHD as currently practiced in the western United States, based on optical microscopy, and do not describe newer, experimental methods such as Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry or infrared (IR) spectroscopy. An associated OHD workbook in MS Excel is available on the website of the International Association for Obsidian Studies.

Development of Salmon Sperm DNA/Regenerated Silk Bio-Based Films for Biomedical Studies on Human Keratinocyte HaCaT Cells under Solar Spectrum.

In this study, we fabricated adhesive patches from silkworm-regenerated silk and DNA to safeguard human skin from the sun's rays. The patches are realized by exploiting the dissolution of silk fibers (e.g., silk fibroin (SF)) and salmon sperm DNA in formic acid and CaCl2 solutions. Infrared spectroscopy is used to investigate the conformational transition of SF when combined with DNA; the results indicated that the addition of DNA provides an increase in the SF crystallinity. UV-Visible absorption and circular dichroism spectroscopy showed strong absorption in the UV region and the presence of B-form of DNA once dispersed in the SF matrix, respectively. Water absorption measurements as well as thermal dependence of water sorption and thermal analysis, suggested the stability of the fabricated patches. Biological results on cellular viability (MTT assay) of keratinocyte HaCaT cells after exposures to the solar spectrum showed that both SF and SF/DNA patches are photo-protective by increasing the cellular viability of keratinocytes after UV component exposure. Overall, these SF/DNA patches promise applications in wound dressing for practical biomedical purposes.

Microstructure, tensile strength and shear strength of aggregate-mortar interface: Effect of aggregate mineralogy

This work aims to study the mechanical properties of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) through both experimental tests and microstructural observations. The study considers a mortar with water-cement ratio of 0.58 and four types of aggregates: sandstone, granite, and two different types of limestone with varying water absorption coefficients. Chemical compositions, physical characteristics, and surface micromorphology of the four aggregates were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and water absorption measurements as well as SEM observations. Experimental setups were developed to investigate the bonding behavior of the aggregate-mortar interface. The bonding strength between granite and mortar through direct tensile test varied from 51% to 69% of tensile strength of mortar from young age to mature, while 61% to 74% for sandstone, 48% to greater than 90% and 81% to greater than 102% averagely for black and white limestone respectively. The fact of failure in the bulk mortar indicates ITZ adhesion for limestones may equal or exceed the mortar tensile strength generally from 28-day age. This conclusion is consistent with the results obtained by slant shear test. The significant difference of adhesion behavior of ITZ between two limestones due to their water absorption capability. High-water absorption turns out to be beneficial in forming a strong chemical bond at early age, however, the mineralogy remains the pivot under same surface condition. This chemical bond is evidenced by the failure pattern and morphology of the aggregate surface after failure and the presence of a dense accumulation of portlandite and C-S-H under SEM.

Sodium Salt of Partially Carboxymethylated Sodium Alginate-Graft-Poly(Acrylonitrile): II Superabsorbency, Salt Sensitivity and Swelling Kinetics of Hydrogel, H-Na-PCMSA-g-PAN.

The water absorption measurements of a novel superabsorbent anionic hydrogel, H-Na-PCMSA-g-PAN, has been reported first time in water with a poor conductivity, 0.15 M saline (NaCl, CaCl2, and AlCl3) solutions, and simulated urine (SU) solutions at various times. The hydrogel has been prepared by the saponification of the graft copolymer, Na-PCMSA-g-PAN (%G = 316.53, %GE = 99.31). Results indicated that as compared to the swelling capacity values evaluated in water with a poor conductivity, the ability of the hydrogel to swell in various saline solutions with the same concentration is significantly reduced at all different durations. The swelling tends to be Na+ > Ca2+ > Al3+ at the same saline concentration in the solution. Studies of the absorbency in various aqueous saline (NaCl) solutions also revealed that the swelling capacity decreased as the ionic strength of the swelling medium rose, which is consistent with the experimental results and Flory's equation. Furthermore, the experimental results strongly suggested that second-order kinetics governs the swelling process of the hydrogel in various swelling media. The swelling characteristics and equilibrium water contents for the hydrogel in various swelling media have also been researched. The hydrogel samples have been successfully characterized by FTIR to show the change in chemical environment to COO- and CONH2 groups after swelling in different swelling media. The samples have also been characterized by SEM technique.