Factory Wastewater Research Articles

SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTORS OF SUSTAINABLE DRINKING WATER MANAGEMENT IN RURAL PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

The water supply and sanitation sector has always been overlooked in the comparison to the other sectors both in the sense of budgetary allocation, in sustainability of development projects as well as execution of drinking water supply, sanitation schemes and provision of potable water strategies. The drinking water and sanitation system are closely linked with each other. The Government of Pakistan established the National Drinking Water Policy in September 2009, with the goal of providing clean and safe drinking water to the entire Pakistani population by 2025, including the poor and vulnerable, at a reasonable rate. The National Sanitation Policy of Pakistan was prepared in 2016, but recently conditions are adverse. In the Pakistan the sewerage systems are not only properly managed, out lived, inappropriate and leakages problems of sewer pipelines with major part of un-served population but also contribute towards water systems contamination and ground water as well as surface water contamination. The water for domestic utilization and wastewater of factories are mostly disposed of into rivers, streams and sometimes into water canals without any treatment of water in most of the conditions. There is also a conceptual issue with the traditional sewer systems due to leakages and seepage of sewage water is mixing in underground water as well as in food stuff. Some organic, inorganic elements and micronutrients are mixed up in the freshwater reservoir to a great extent that separation of the contaminant’s elements and treatment of water for reusing purpose becomes complicated not only in the sense of technically but also economically unfeasible. Secondly, the micro-nutrients are mostly washed away with domestic and factories wastewater as well as from storm water, mixed into freshwater channels. Keywords: Water Supply, Sustainable, contamination, ground water, Water Pollution, wastewater, Fresh Water. Safe Water

Membrane-based conceptual design of reuse water production from candy factory wastewater.

Intense pressure on water resources has led to efforts to reuse reclaimed processing wastewater in the food industry. There are tight rules for water quality, but efficient separation technologies such as reverse osmosis possess good possibilities for water reuse. This study developed a membrane-based reuse water concept for wastewater from the candy industry emphasizing the pre-treatment stage in the concept to reduce fouling. The wastewater contained suspended solids, sugar compounds and the ingredients for candy gelation, which had a tendency to foul membranes, making pre-treatment essential for a successful concept. Cross-rotational ultrafiltration, which featured enhanced fouling prevention for membranes, functioned well for the removal of challenging substances. Conventional filtration technologies were impractical due to a low flux, even when the viscosity of the wastewater was reduced using surfactants. The wastewater had a high chemical oxygen demand, meaning that there was a strong fouling potential for reverse osmosis membranes, but also high osmotic pressure. A spiral wound reverse osmosis functioned well when the wastewater was pre-treated, and it produced good quality water with respect to all the other studied parameters except the chemical oxygen demand. However, chemical oxygen demand rejection was 99% since the concentration in the wastewater was originally very high.

Laboratory Scale Evaluation of Fertiliser Factory Wastewater Treatment through Membrane Distillation and Reverse Osmosis.

The incumbent water stress scenario imposes wastewater valorisation to freshwater, promoting technology for its effective treatment. Wastewater from fertiliser factories is quite problematic because of its relevant acidity and solute content. Its treatment through vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) was evaluated through laboratory scale tests at 40 °C and 25 mbar vacuum pressure with polytetrafluoroethylene and polypropylene flat-sheet porous membranes. The wastewater from a partially disused Italian industrial site was considered. VMD distillate fluxes between 22 and 57.4 L m−2 h−1 (LMH), depending on the pore size of the membranes, along with very high retention (R > 99%) for anions (Cl−, NO3−, SO42−, PO43−), NH4+, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were observed. Laboratory scale reverse osmosis (RO) tests at 25 °C and increasing of the operating pressure (from 20 bar to 40 bar) were carried out with a seawater desalination membrane for comparison purposes. Permeability values around 1.1 LMH/bar almost independently of the operating pressure were observed. Lower retentions than those measured from VMD tests were found. Finally, for any given RO operating pressure, the flux recovery ratio (FRR) calculated from permeate fluxes measured with pure water before and after wastewater treatment was always much lower that evaluated for VMD membranes.

Potential phosphorus losses from grassland soils irrigated with dairy factory wastewater

Potential phosphorus losses from grassland soils irrigated with dairy factory wastewater

PENGARUH VARIASI MEDIA DAN JUMLAH TUMBUHAN TYPHA LATIFOLIA TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR BOD DAN COD PADA LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI TAHU DI SIDOARJO

Sidoarjo Regency is one of the supporting districts of East Java province. Sidoarjo Regency is experiencing rapid progress because of the development and potential in trade and industry. One of the industries often found in Sidoarjo Regency is tofu factory. The rapid number of tofu craftsmen industry has caused an increase in the volume of liquid waste which also flows into water bodies. The purpose of this study was to determine the reduction in BOD and COD levels for the tofu factory wastewater treatment in the Sepande area, Sidoarjo Regency using a contructed wetland with Typha latifolia as the remediator. The research stage will be carried out using a laboratory scale using acclimatization as the adaptation stage of Typha latifolia and a crontructed wetland reactor as phytoremediation processing. Based on the results and discussion, it can be concluded that there was a decrease in BOD and COD levels in the tofu industrial wastewater in Sidoarjo using the Constructed Wetland system. The percentage reduction in BOD content was greatest in soil media with 3 stems of Typha latifolia plants and a detention time of 4 days of 72%. While the largest percentage reduction in COD levels was in soil media with 2 stems of Typha latifolia plants and 4 days of detention time of 84%.

Removal of Cu (II) from aqueous solutions using ZIF-8@GO composites

ZIF-8@GO-X (X ​= ​0, 2.48%, 4.07%, 7.83%, and 20.03%) composites were prepared using GO and ZIF-8. The composites were used to absorb Cu(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions. With increasing GO content, the adsorption of the ZIF-8@GO-X composites first increased and then decreased. The Cu(Ⅱ) adsorption of ZIF-8@GO-7.83% reaches a maximum among ZIF-8@GO-X composites (X ​= ​0, 2.48%, 4.07%, 7.83%, and 20.03%). The adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherm, adsorption thermodynamics, and adsorption mechanism of Cu (II) by ZIF-8@GO-7.83% were studied in this paper. The results showed that the adsorption reached equilibrium at 120 ​min, and ZIF-8@GO-7.83% approached equilibrium relatively quickly. When the temperature was 45 ​°C and the Cu(Ⅱ) concentration was 40 ​mg/L, the maximum adsorption capacity of ZIF-8@GO-7.83% for Cu(Ⅱ) reached 482.29 ​mg/g. The equilibrium data and kinetics were well described by Langmuir and pseudo-first-order models, respectively. Final experiments with real factory wastewater (initial Cu(Ⅱ) concentration of 670 ​mg/L) revealed that 0.37 ​g/L ZIF-8@GO-7.83% can efficiently reduce the Cu(Ⅱ) concentration to below 2 ​mg/L.

Phythotechnology of Touch Industrial Waste Treatment in Sidoarjo using Typha Latifolia Plant to Reduce TDS and Ammonia Levels

Sidoarjo Regency is a buffer zone for industrial estates in Surabaya, East Java Province. Therefore, the economic growth of the Sidoarjo Regency is increasing along with the development of trade and industrial potential. One of the industries that have grown well in Sidoarjo Regency is the tofu factory. Many tofu craftsmen industry causes an increase in the volume of liquid waste which also flows into water bodies. The purpose of this study was to determine the reduction of TDS and ammonia levels in the tofu factory wastewater treatment in the Sepande area, Sidoarjo Regency, by using a wetland construction with a Typha latifolia remediator. The research stages will be carried out using a laboratory scale using acclimatization as the adaptation stage of Typha latifolia and a constructed wetland reactor as a phytoremediation process. Based on the results and discussion, it can be concluded that there was a decrease in TDS and ammonia levels in the tofu industrial wastewater in Sidoarjo with the Constructed Wetland system. The largest decline in TDS content was in soil media with three Typha latifolia stems and a detention time of four days by 76%. Meanwhile, the most considerable percentage reduction in ammonia levels occurred in sand media with three stems of Typha latifolia and a detention time of four days by 70%.

Muriiphilus fusiformis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel non-marine bacterium belonging to the Roseobacter group, and reclassification of Maritimibacter lacisalsi (Zhong et al. 2015) as Muriicola lacisalsi gen. nov., comb. nov.

An aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-sporulating, flagellated and spindle-like bacterium, designated HY14T, was isolated from a pickle-processing factory wastewater sample. The isolate chemoheterotrophically grew at 4-42 °C (optimum, 35 °C) and pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 6.0-6.5). Salt was required for growth (0.5-12 % NaCl, w/v). A deep brown and water-soluble uncharacterized pigment was produced when grown in certain media. The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) included C16 : 0, C18 : 1 ω7c, 11-methyl C18 : 1 ω7c and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, two unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified glycolipids and five unknown lipids. The major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-10. Pairwise alignment based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain HY14T had the highest sequence similarity to genera Maritimibacter (95.61-96.05 %) and Boseongicola (95.82 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on core genome illustrated that strain HY14T formed a monophyletic lineage with members of the genus Maritimibacter in the clade of the Roseobacter group in the family Rhodobacteraeceae. The core-gene average amino acid identity used to define bacterial genera by a threshold of 60-80 % was calculated to be 68.56-76.5 % between HY14T and closely related taxa. Several genomic characteristics, such as carrying two RuBisCO-mediated pathways and different osmoprotectant transport pathways, exhibited the genotypic discrepancies of strain HY14T. Based on the polyphasic taxonomic characterization, strain HY14T is considered to represent a novel species of a novel genus belonging to the family Rhodobacteraeceae, for which the name Muriiphilus fusiformis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HY14T (=CGMCC 1.15973T=KCTC 52499T). Maritimibacter lacisalsi (Zhong et al. 2015) is considered to diverge from Maritimibacter alkaliphilus at the genus level, and should be reassigned as a novel genus, for which the name Muriicola lacisalsi gen. nov., comb. nov. is proposed.

Kirkendall Effect Boosts Phosphorylated nZVI for Efficient Heavy Metal Wastewater Treatment.

Removal of non-biodegradable heavy metals has been the top priority in wastewater treatment and the development of green technologies remains a significant challenge. We demonstrate that phosphorylated nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) is promising for removal of heavy metals (NiII , CuII , CrVI , HgII ) via a boosted Kirkendall effect. Phosphorylation confines tensile hoop stress on the nZVI particles and "breaks" the structurally dense spherical nZVI to produce numerous radial nanocracks. Exemplified by NiII removal, the radial nanocracks favor the facile inward diffusion of NiII and the rapid outward transport of electrons and ferrous ions through the oxide shell for surface (NiII /electron) and boundary (NiII /Fe0 ) galvanic exchange. Accompanied by a pronounced hollowing phenomenon, phosphorylated nZVI can instantly reduce and immobilize NiII throughout the oxide shell with a high capacity (258 mg Ni g-1 Fe). For real electroplating factory wastewater treatment, this novel nZVI performs simultaneous NiII and CuII removal, producing effluent of stable quality that meets local discharge regulations.

Kirkendall Effect Boosts Phosphorylated nZVI for Efficient Heavy Metal Wastewater Treatment

AbstractRemoval of non‐biodegradable heavy metals has been the top priority in wastewater treatment and the development of green technologies remains a significant challenge. We demonstrate that phosphorylated nanoscale zero‐valent iron (nZVI) is promising for removal of heavy metals (NiII, CuII, CrVI, HgII) via a boosted Kirkendall effect. Phosphorylation confines tensile hoop stress on the nZVI particles and “breaks” the structurally dense spherical nZVI to produce numerous radial nanocracks. Exemplified by NiII removal, the radial nanocracks favor the facile inward diffusion of NiII and the rapid outward transport of electrons and ferrous ions through the oxide shell for surface (NiII/electron) and boundary (NiII/Fe0) galvanic exchange. Accompanied by a pronounced hollowing phenomenon, phosphorylated nZVI can instantly reduce and immobilize NiII throughout the oxide shell with a high capacity (258 mg Ni g−1 Fe). For real electroplating factory wastewater treatment, this novel nZVI performs simultaneous NiII and CuII removal, producing effluent of stable quality that meets local discharge regulations.

Soil Pollution - Causes and Effects

The study of soil pollution has occupied the attention of a large number of researchers because of its continuity and effect on humans, animals and plants alike. Soil pollution occurs as a result of the entry of elements that change the composition and organism of the soil, and reduce its fertility, making it more vulnerable to drought, and unsuitable for agriculture. The research addresses the most important soil pollutants before radioactive uranium pollution, pollution by industrial and household waste, volcanic eruptions, forest fires, and others. Most of the agricultural lands are irrigated by rivers polluted with factory wastewater. Also, the research discusses the most important sources of pollution represented by pesticides and chemical fertilizers that contain toxic substances and seep into the soil to remain for a long time, and contribute to eliminate soil fertility. The research deals with the impact of logging the desertification of agricultural areas and their transformation into a vast desert that is unsuitable for agriculture, and pollutes the soil with hydrocarbons. The research refers to the method of soil protection and agricultural lands from pollution by using organic agriculture, fertilizers, organic and bio-pesticides, and forest planting..

Effects of effluent discharges from a cement factory on the ecology of macroinvertebrates in an Afrotropical river.

Cement factory waste water impacts on the ecology of macroinvertebrate assemblages of the Oinyi River, North Central area of Nigeria, were evaluated bi-monthly for 1 year as part of a study to understand the effects of pollution processes in the lotic system that may initiate the development of policy and improved regulation. Three sampling stations, each 100 m long, were selected along 11-km stretch of the river. Station 1, located upstream of the discharge point from the cement factory plant; station 2, immediately downstream of the effluent discharge point; and station 3, 4 km downstream, were sampled. The waste water from the cement effluent factory impacted negatively on the water chemistry by elevating the levels of some heavy metals (Mn, Zn, Cu, and Ni), and other physicochemical parameters such as turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), conductivity, and total suspended solid. A total of 81 macroinvertebrate taxa combined were recorded from the river. The community structure, diversity, and abundance depicted distinct variation between the effluent-impacted site, and the upstream station as the most sensitive macroinvertebrate taxa such as Neoperla and Cheumatopsyche species was completely missing from the effluent-impacted site. The preponderance of some dipteran taxa (Tanypus sp., Eristalis tenax, Simulum sp., Empis sp., and Atherix sp.) and drastic reduction in the Ephemeroptera-Plecoptera-Trichoptera (EPT) organisms in the impacted station is an indication that the chemical components of the cement effluent waste water were lethal to some aquatic forms. Extrapolations from canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) results revealed that turbidity, conductivity, BOD, orthophosphate-phosphorus, and heavy metals were strongly associated with the impacted station. Generally, the community structure of station 1 was more diverse with more sensitive taxa, different from those of stations 2 and 3, which were prone to intense human activities. The need for careful consideration of the water quality and indicator organisms is important for restoration of this river.

Modeling transmission of hexavalent chromium concentration and its health cost with a water quality analysis simulation program

In this study, the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP7) was used to evaluate the transmission of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) contamination in a water-sediment system and its flux into cultivated soils. The agricultural areas adjacent to the Wu River in Taiwan were taken as the study area, as these soils were heavily polluted with Cr(VI) concentrations of 2,173-3,271 μg/kg. The rates of accumulation of Cr(VI) are affected by the distance from the source of contamination and the size and type of cultivated areas. The highest concentrations of Cr(VI) (4.27 mg/kg) were detected in soil from Changhua city, and correlated with the greater risk of gastric cancer in residents. Specifically, the risk of gastric cancer due to Cr(VI) contamination of agricultural soil was 3×10-7 - 15.2×10-6 in Taichung city (upstream) and 1.3×10-6 -76.3×10-6 in Changhua county (downstream). The values of statistical life-years (VSLYs) were US$6.2-10 million for rice, US$42-60 million for corn, and US$360-580 million for other vegetables, respectively, each year. It is critical that techniques other than source reduction are used to reduce human exposure to Cr(VI), such as chemical oxidation or ion-exchange treatment to remove Cr(VI) from factory wastewaters, prior to their discharge into rivers.

Treatment of cardboard factory wastewater using ozone-assisted electrocoagulation process: optimization through response surface methodology.

Cardboard factory wastewater is usually known by high chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, phenols, lignin, and its derivatives, and usual treatment techniques are not able to treat such wastewaters. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of ozone-assisted electrocoagulation process (EC/O3) for the treatment of real cardboard wastewater. The parameters influencing COD removal in the EC/O3 process were optimized using response surface methodology. Regard to the statistical model, the optimum conditions were obtained at current density 9.6mA/cm2, time 20min, and pH12. At optimal condition, EC/O3 process removed 74.7% and 97.5% of COD and color, which was higher compared to ozonation and EC processes separately. The COD removal followed pseudo-first-order kinetic with the coefficient correlation of 0.97 and the reaction rate constant of 0.073 1/min. To sum up, the combined electrocoagulation process with ozonation could be used satisfactorily for removing pollutants from real cardboard wastewater.

Identification and Physiological Characteristics of Potential Indigenous Bacteria as Bio-Remediation Agent in the Wastewater of Sugar Factory

Wastewater is the remainder of an activity released in the liquid form. Wastewater product is feared to have negative influence on the environmental balance; therefore, it is necessary to measure the quality standards of wastewater as a reference in the disposal and treatment. Bioremediation is an environmentally friendly technology utilizing microorganisms as agents in the process of cleaning or restoring wastewater conditions. The use of microorganism services can reduce the concentration of organic waste into simpler organic compounds by converting organic compounds into CO2, CH4, H2, and H2S, as well as water and energy intended for the process of growth and production of microorganisms in the remediation process. This study aims to identify the type of dominant bacteria growing in the wastewater of the sugar factory and has a potential role as a bioremediation agent for the waste. The method used in this study is the experimental, by observing several environmental parameters as indicators, among others, BOD, COD,TSS, and pH. The results of this study found two types of dominant bacteria, i.e., Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, then used as bioremediation agents. The bioremediation activity was able to reduce pH, BOD, and COD levels.

Use of compost as biological filter to remove gaseous hydrogen sulfide

Odor pollution is very popular in developing countries. Odors can arise from many different sources, cause discomfort to expose, and also have certain effects on health. Odors can come from the anaerobic digestion of waste, from a factory's wastewater treatment system, or from manufacturing operations in industries such as seafood processing or animal feed production, tanning, and rubber processing. The composition of the odor is often diverse with many gases, mainly in low concentrations. Because it is gaseous pollution, the odor has the risk of spreading widely, the collection must be carried out in a wide range, the flow of gas to be treated is often large. In this study, one of the basic components of odors, H2S, was of interest to be treated because of its prevalence and toxic nature. Currently, although there are many technologies to handle H2S, the application in odor treatment still has many shortcomings. The current technologies such as adsorption and absorption are not suitable for the removal of H2S in odor because of the low efficiency but high cost. In this study, a cheap and available commercial compost fertilizer was used for the removal of gaseous H2S in a lab-scale biofilter. Results showed that microorganisms had an avital role in H2S removal. The factors affecting the biological removal of H2S were determined to be relative humidity (RH), operation time, presence of mixing/turning, and height of compost column. The high H2S removal efficiency of 94.2% was obtained at RH of 50% and compost height of 400 mm, which is suggested for full-scale biofilter design. Under turning condition of once per two days for compost column, the biofilter system was stable at removal efficiency of over 80% during at least 12 days of operation.

Indigenous bacteria, an excellent reservoir of functional plant growth promoters for enhancing duckweed biomass yield on site

The advantages of aquatic biomass production using wastewater as a cost-free fertilizer have recently been highlighted. Here, we report a successful study in which duckweed, Lemna gibba, biomass production in a food factory effluent containing low nitrogen and high salts was enhanced by employing customized plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Two common PGPB strains previously obtained from natural pond water, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus P23 and Pseudomonas fulva Ps6, hardly promoted the growth of duckweed; on the contrary, they inhibited its growth in treated factory wastewater, far different water conditions. Then, we asked if some indigenous wastewater bacteria could promote the growth of duckweed. We found that Chryseobacterium strains, a group of bacteria with limited nitrogen metabolism, were dominantly selected as effective PGPB. Moreover, we demonstrated that nitrogen limitation is the crucial environmental factor that induces the plant growth-inhibiting behavior of A. calcoaceticus P23 through competition for mineral nutrients with the host duckweed. This study uncovered points to be considered in PGPB technology to achieve efficient production of duckweed biomass in a factory effluent with unbalanced content of mineral nutrients.

Green Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles Using Black Tea Leaves Extract as Adsorbent for Removing Eriochrome Blue-Black B Dye

Recently, the world has directed to find environmentally friendly and clean materials to be used to treat wastes difficult to treat in the traditional way such as dyes. The object of this study was to synthesize iron nanoparticles using black tea extracts in an environmentally sustainable method. Also, it was developed by supporting with bentonite, used to remove Eriochrome blue-black B dyes from synthesis wastewater of textile factory. From the results, it was noted that black tea leaf extract has reduced iron ions to iron nanoparticles at room temperature. Composite iron nanoparticles were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies where the diameter of iron nanoparticles was less than 70 nm. This research shows that ferrous nanoparticles can be manufactured using black tea leaf extract as a reducing agent. It also shows better-supported nanoparticles than unsupported. The decolorization efficiency catalyzed BT-NZVI, B-BT-NZVI increased from (14%, 42%) to (48%, 68%) at 180 min of batch processes when the NZVI concentration was increased from 0.5 g/L to 2 g/L respectively.

UV–Vis. spectrophotometric method for oil and grease determination in water, soil and different mediates based on emulsion

A novel, simple and sensitive method was introduced for oil and grease determination different real samples via following the turbidity of an emulsion by UV–Visible spectrophotometry at 293–297 nm wavelength. The composition of this emulsion included oil, H2O and CHClF2 as nonpolar, polar and disperser phases, respectively. Gravimetric method was selected to prepare the standard oil solutions. According to the figures of merit, the introduced method had a wide linear response from 1.0 to 400.0 µg mL−1 for oil determination in water with regression coefficient (R2) of 0.9954 and calibration sensitivity of + 6.1 (a.u.) ng−1 mL. The detection limit was also estimated to be 0.30 µg mL−1 based on the 3Sb/g (Sb: blank standard deviation, g: calibration sensitivity) definition. Percentages of the relative standard deviations revealed the reproducibility and repeatability as large as 11.L and 7.4% (n = 4) respectively. The sample preparation time period was also estimated to maximum two min during spiking the previously prepared CHClF2-treated water sample to the oil-in-water solutions. The reliability of the system was also been evaluated via oil and grease determination in some different real samples such as wastewater of margarine factory, radiator fluid of an automobile and some synthesized oily soil samples via recovery percentage estimations. Some qualitative tests were also performed on diesel fuel and petrol (gasoline) to recognize the probable quantity of oil as co-additive. Compared to the previously reported methods such as infrared spectrometry and gravimetry, this introduced method processed advantages such as simplicity, higher sensitivity, shorter response time, more improved detection limit and more selectivity.

Biogas production from beverage factory wastewater in a mobile bioenergy station

Recently, the production of renewable biogas such as biohydrogen and biomethane from wastewaters through anaerobic fermentation has gained worldwide attention. In the present study, a mobile bioenergy generation station had been constructed based on a high-efficiency hydrogenesis & methanogenesis technology (HyMeTek) developed by Feng Chia University, Taiwan. The substrate was a beverage wastewater having chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of 1200 mg/L. This bioenergy station had a feedstock tank (3.8 m3), a nutrient tank (0.8 m3), an acidogenesis tank (AT, 2 m3), two methanogenesis tanks (MT, 4 m3 for each), a membrane bioreactor and a control room. Biogas production rate, methane concentration, COD removal efficiencies, energy efficiency and economical interest of the plant were assessed. The peak total methane production rates for AT (at hydraulic retention time, HRT, 4 h) and MT (at HRT 8 h) were 430 and 7 mL/L·d, respectively. A strategy of shortening HRT was a promising method to enhance biogas quality and energy efficiency. This mobile bioenergy system has commercial potential because it could bring good economic benefit of initial rate of return (58.84%) and payback time (2.68 y).