Wastewater Discharge Areas Research Articles

Prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes, heavy metal, and bacterial community composition in sea sediments influenced by Eriocheir sinensis breeding aquaculture.

Eriocheir sinensis is the main aquaculture species in China. With the continuous expansion of the aquaculture scale, the demand for E. sinensis seedlings was also increased. The water used in breeding has well-nourished and its discharge into the sea posed significant risks. This study sampled the wastewater discharge points of the E. sinensis seedlings in Sheyang County, Jiangsu Province, and the areas far from the discharge points that were not affected in March and May 2023, respectively. A large number of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were found in the sediment of the wastewater discharge area, and the highest ARG was sulfonamide ARG-sul1 using qPCR analysis, while ARGs were almost undetectable in the areas not affected by wastewater discharge. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis results showed that the main bacterial phyla at the wastewater discharge point were Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Thermodesulfobacteria. In the control point, the main bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria, Chlorobacterium, and Thermodesulfobacteria. There were significant differences in the composition of microbial communities between the two points, and the samples at the wastewater discharge point were more clustered and had higher similarity. The correlation network and redundancy analysis indicated that the phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria at the wastewater discharge points were positively correlated with most ARGs. The wastewater discharge had no effect on heavy metals from the two points. This study sets a foundation for future research by identifying key microbial taxa as potential ARG carriers and examining the interactions between microbial communities, ARGs, and heavy metals.

ZOOPLANKTON IN THE DEEP-SEA AREA NEAR THE WESTERN AND EASTERN COASTS OF SOUTHERN BAIKAL IN 2021

Zooplankton in the deep-water zone of Lake Baikal features endemism, a specific trophic structure, intensive food relationships and pronounced interannual variability. In the late summer period, the dynamics of zooplankton at the deep-sea zone near the western (Point 1, village Bolshye Koty) and eastern (former BCBC area of wastewater discharge) coasts, taking into account natural conditions. The total number of zooplankton in the 0-100 m layer off the west coast was 2,493 thousand per/m2. Epischura baikalensis Sars 1900 prevails - more than 51 % (1260,76 thousand per/m2). The share of rotifers was 47 % (1138,0 thousand per/m2). The number of Cyclops kolensis Lilljeborg, 1901 was 13,7 thousand per/m2 and Bosmina longirostris Muller, 1785 - 15,98 thousand per/m2 which accounts for about 2 % of the total amount of zooplankton. The total number of zooplankton in the 0-100 m layer off the east coast was 2399,18 thousand per/m2. Epischura baikalensis dominates the zooplankton community - more than 57 % (1379,99 thousand per/m2). The share of rotifers was 40 % (965,1 thousand per/m2). The number of Cyclops kolensis was 49,62 thousand per/m2 and Bosmina longirostris - 4,51 thousand per/m2 which accounts for about 3% of the total amount of zooplankton. The average temperature values in the 0-100 m layer and water transparency at the western and eastern coasts differed slightly from the long-term average. At the western shore, the maximum surface concentration of chlorophyll «a» was 1,84 mg/m3 with an average value of 1,16± 0,27 mg/m3. At the eastern coast, the maximum concentration of chlorophyll «a» at a depth of 25 m was 2,41 mg/m3 with an average value of 1,39±0,31 mg/m3. No significant differences in the state of plankton were found at the western and eastern coasts of Southern Baikal.

Effects of different heavy metal pollution levels on microbial community structure and risk assessment in Zn-Pb mining soils.

Heavy metal contamination in soils seriously threatens human health and aggravates the global pollution burden. In this study, we investigated the risk of heavy metal contamination in soils at a Zn-Pb mineral processing plant in Longnan, China, and the effects of different heavy metal contamination levels on diverse microbial communities. Statistical analysis showed that, except for Ni, the average content of all detected metals (Zn, Pb, As, Cu, Cd, Hg) in the soil was higher than the background value of soil in the study area, which was most seriously contaminated with Pb and As. Comparison of functional divisions showed that heavy metal soil contamination was most serious in the raw material stacking area and the production area. Interpolation analysis showed that areas closer to the wastewater discharge area had higher contents of each heavy metal and were more seriously polluted. From the point of pollution index, the risk of heavy metal soil pollution in the study area was very high (RI = 2845.24, i.e., > 600), with Cd and Hg being the most serious pollutants compared with other heavy metals. Microbial community abundance, diversity, and structure differed at different levels of heavy metal contamination. The community diversity of bacteria decreased with increasing heavy metal concentrations, while no significant change in fungi was observed. Evidence from variation redundancy analysis (RDA) and the Spearman correlation analysis showed that the leading factors affecting microbial community composition were Cu, Cd, Hg, and pH. Actinobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes at the uncontaminated level (CL) were significantly and negatively correlated with the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb. Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi at the severely contaminated level (SL) were significantly correlated with pH and Hg. However, heavy metal contamination had less effect on most of the dominant fungi. In conclusion, microbial communities such as Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Ascomycota showed greater tolerance to heavy metals. These results could be used as important references for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils.

Transboundary microplastic pollution in Xiamen Bay and adjacent Jiulong River estuary after the outbreak of COVID-19

Land-based transport from nearshore areas is a key pathway of microplastic (MP) pollution in the oceans. Therefore, transport, fate, and intervention on MPs necessitate an investigation of MP contamination in coastal regions. Here, MP pollution in the surface waters of Xiamen Bay and Jiulong River estuary was evaluated in 2021 after the outbreak of COVID-19. The abundance of MPs in Xiamen Bay ranged from 0.20 to 5.79 items m−3 with an average of 1.03 items m−3, whereas that in the Jiulong River estuary spanned from 0.55 to 2.11 items m−3 with a mean of 1.30 items m−3. A yearly decreasing trend in the abundance of MPs in surface waters in both regions was observed. The particle sizes of MPs were concentrated in the range of 2.50–5.00 mm, and the colors were mainly white, transparent, and green. The micro-Raman spectroscopic results showed that MP polymer types were predominantly polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene. A lower abundance of MPs in Xiamen Bay with no obvious pattern was observed, while that in the Jiulong River estuary showed a wavelike distribution from upstream to downstream. Ecological risk assessment of MP pollution in surface waters of two regions was performed using the pollution load index (PLI), giving the risk level in descending order: wastewater discharge area > aquaculture area > sloughs > estuary mouth > estuarine rivers > shipping lane. The average risk level of Xiamen Bay (I) was lower than that in Jiulong River estuary (II). The MP pollution in the Jiulong River estuary appeared heavier than that in Xiamen Bay, which may be due to the combined effects of COVID-19 and marine governance. This study provided insights into the prevention and management of MP pollution in nearshore semi-enclosed bays.

Integrated application of macrophytes and zooplankton for wastewater treatment

The increasing amount of sewage has become a serious concern globally, demanding sustainable solutions. The constructed wetland system (CWS) can be installed at the wastewater discharge site and properly screened bio-purifiers can be used for efficient wastewater treatment. Filter-feeding zooplankton have the potential to graze on bacteria and reduce biological oxygen demand. However, higher suspended particles choke the zooplankton filtering appendages. An integrated application of zooplankton and macrophytes can solve the problems by reducing contaminants and providing the surface area for zooplankton to take refuge. Using three different approaches: (a) screening of natural bio-purifiers through time series study, (b) assessment of sewage treatment potential of screened bio-purifiers in the CWS and, (c) evaluation of the growth potential of screened bio-purifiers in untreated wastewater, this study explored the combined use of macrophyte and zooplankton in the CWS. The 3-year time series study in the vicinity of the wastewater discharge area recorded the zooplankton, Brachionus angularis and Moina macrocopa as highly indicative zooplankton. The top two highly indicative macrophytes are Typha and Phragmites. Under laboratory conditions, the population growth rates of B. angularis and M. macrocopa were significantly higher in wastewater without any external nutrient source than those in control with algae as a food source. The integrated application of zooplankton (B. angularis and M. macrocopa) macrophytes (Typha and Phragmites) in CWS yielded upto 56% reduction in the total bacterial count and upto 92% reduction in BOD along with substantial increase in the DO level. The present results strongly suggested the use of CWS planted with macrophytes and inoculated by zooplankton. The usefulness of this system is further supported by the natural occurrence of selected species, as it is easy to maintain, has low installation cost, and excellent efficiency in treating wastewater. As both the zooplankton species are preferred live feed for rearing of fish larvae, the present results suggested the use of zooplankton and macrophytes for treatment of wastewater, reduction of sludge, and harvest of live feeds for the aquaculture industry to augment circularity and promote decentralized wastewater treatment.

Spatial and temporal variations in water quality of Todos Santos Bay, northwestern Baja California, Mexico

Coastal pollution levels in Todos Santos Bay (TSB) recreational beaches have increased in recent years due to the uncontrolled disposal of wastewater and pollutants to the coast by human activities (urbanization and tourism). In this work, the concentration of water quality parameters along the coast of TSB was evaluated from February 2012 to January 2013. Sampling was carried out at monthly intervals on 29 beach locations. Results showed that the maximum values of all parameters were always found close to the treated wastewater discharge area at Arroyo El Gallo station. Temporally, both nutrients and biochemical oxygen demand reached notably high levels in winter-spring and close to wastewater discharges. During summer, maximum counts of total coliforms and parasite eggs were detected close to wastewater discharges. Overall, our study provides a diagnostic approach on the spatiotemporal variability of water quality parameters for future studies along the coastal waters of TSB.

The Fish Part of Community of the Vychegda River in a Pulp and Paper Mill-Treated Wastewater Discharge Area

The Fish Part of Community of the Vychegda River in a Pulp and Paper Mill-Treated Wastewater Discharge Area

Metamorfizatsiya donnykh otlozheniy pri nekontroliruyemom sbrose stochnykh vod v litoral'nuyu zonu Gerakleyskogo poluostrova (Krym)

Based on the data of field research performed in 2015, the authors studied characteristics of bottom sediments in the area of a deepwater sewage collector of “Yuzhnye” Integrated Sewage Treatment Plant and transformation of bottom sediments resulted from a longterm anthropogenic impact. The data were obtained by standard methods of geochemical analysis. It is established that the bottom sediments in the wastewater discharge area of “Yuzhnye” Integrated Sewage Treatment Plant are represented by rudaceous and coarsegrained fractions. These are mineral particles formed both as a result of coastal abrasion and in the process of accumulation and diagenesis (shell rock, detrital sand) of bottom sediments. In terms of their size distribution and chemical composition they differed significantly from the sediments formed under natural conditions. These were mostly unconsolidated water-saturated sediments with low carbonate content, high organic carbon and moisture content and signs (impurities, consistency, odour) characteristic of municipal sewage sludge. It is noted that the accumulation level of anthropogenic organic carbon is comparable to that of organic matter in the bottom sediments of Sevastopol region bays characterized by limited water exchange and subject to long-term anthropogenic pollution. Exceeding the previously established critical organic carbon levels in the soft soils of the Black Sea (Corg ≥ 2.5 %) results in destructive changes in ecosystems: it has a negative impact on benthos sharply changing its structural characteristics (abundance, biomass, total species richness) with restructuring of its dominant species structure.

Negative impact modeling on the Baltic Sea in the production of underground gas storages

The technology of construction in salt caves based on the erosion of salt layers of underground gas storages facilities has been considered. The main technological processes, leading to wastewater pollution have been determined. The main pollutants that were formed during the production of UGS facilities, which have a negative impact on the water environment, have been identified. The necessary hydrochemical, morphometric, hydrological and hydrometeorological characteristics of the Baltic Sea section in the area of wastewater discharge through the scattering outlet have been determined, the necessary cartographic material has been prepared in the system of geographic coordinates. The parameters were substantiated and mathematical models were constructed for wind currents and convective-diffusion transport of pollutants for a section of the Baltic Sea in the area of wastewater discharges from the Kaliningrad’s UGS facility. The zones of negative impacts of pollutants from wastewater discharges in the Baltic Sea area have been calculated.

Оцінка екологічного ризику внаслідок впливу комунальних об’єктів на поверхневі води

For the first time, a comparative analysis of two methods for determining the environmental risk of natural surface water body based on real averaged data from long-term observations of the Seversky Donets River, located near Izyum in the area of wastewater discharge from municipal water supply and sewerage company. The combinatorial index of water pollution is calculated and an integrated assessment of the ecological status of surface waters is obtained, which is based on the multiplicity of exceedances of the maximum allowable concentration of individual components. It is established that the wastewater of the enterprise worsens the condition of the studied water because the values of the index 500 m to the discharge site (fluctuations in the range from 6.30 to 8.08) are greater than the value of KIZV 500 m below the discharge site (fluctuations in the range from 6.93 to 8.15), especially the warm period of the year. For the first time it was established that the use of "Method 1" of environmental risk assessment by hydro-chemical parameters of the water body does not give an objective description of the risk of hazardous objects on water resources and makes it impossible to reliably assess the degree of environmental risk from sewage. the calculated risk indicators 500 m below the discharge site range from 0.91 to 1.15. It has been proven that the risk assessment according to "Method 2" depends entirely on the values of the water pollution index, and is obtained by arithmetic operations with the index and certain constants, which indicates the subjectivity of the approach and low reliability of environmental risk assessment. The results of the calculation obtained by "Method 2" show that the impact of wastewater increases the value of environmental risk, in particular for July - September - from acceptable to unacceptable (values from 8.81‧10-7 to 1.57‧10-6). However, this technique does not give a correct numerical value for risk values exceeding 4.99∙10-6.

Computer modeling of a non-stationary regime of distribution of the wastewater of Togliatti city in the coastal zone of the Bakhilovsky Island of the Middle Volga Integrated Biosphere Reserve (Saratov Reservoir, the Volga River, Russia)

The formation of the pollution zones in the coastal water area of the Bakhilovsky Island belonging to the Middle Volga Integrated Biosphere Reserve was examined under the influence of a large source of wastewater discharge from the Togliatti city taking into account different phases of the daily flow regime of the Saratov Reservoir (the Volga River, Russia). Numerical simulation methods were used to calculate the flow fields and the transfer of the wastewater lenses at various water flow rates at the Zhigulevsk hydroelectric complex. Three typical scenarios for regulating water discharge were calculated: at night, during the day, and during the regulating releases. According to model calculations, the maximum pollution zone is formed in the area of wastewater discharge and in the vicinity of the Bakhilovsky Island during long-lasting regulating releases in the summer-autumn low-water period. The maps of the sewage plume distribution were developed, and vulnerable zones were defined for subsequent environmental monitoring of the water quality in the water area surrounding the protected island.

Assessment of wastewater treatment plant effluent impact on the ecosystem of the river on the basis of the quantitative development of ciliated protozoa characteristic of the aeration tank.

The work is devoted to the task of simplifying the assessment of the effect of effluents from treatment facilities on the river hydrobiocenosis. The studies were carried out on the mountain river Uzh (Uzhgorod, Ukraine). Our approach to assessing the impact of waste treatment facilities on the river receiver is based on the estimate of the similarity of species composition and quantitative characteristics of populations of organisms from the aerotank and from the river. It is shown that the quantitative development of populations of species of ciliates from the aeration tank is a good indicator for assessing the degradation of organic matter coming with wastewater. The use of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the protozoa from the wastewater treatment plant as a criterion for assessing the quality of the environment in the area of wastewater discharge showed their representativeness and effectiveness. The use of a limited number of species makes it possible to conduct an express assessment of the effect of effluents on receiving reservoirs for specialists working with activated sludge in the laboratories of treatment facilities.

Tracing nutrient pollution from industrialized animal production in a large coastal watershed.

One of the highest concentrations of swine and poultry concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) in North America is located on the Coastal Plain of North Carolina, in which the Cape Fear River basin is located. The CAFOs produce vast amounts of manure causing loading of nutrients and other pollutants to receiving waters. With the Cape Fear River basin vulnerable to nutrient pollution, as are many other watersheds with CAFOs, δ13C and δ15N stable isotopic signatures were identified from water samples collected within the Northeast Cape Fear, Black, and lower Cape Fear River watersheds to trace nutrient sources and their distribution downstream. The spatial and temporal variability of nutrients and isotopic signatures were also identified to understand water quality impacts of animal waste spraying season and proximity to CAFOs. Our results showed that significantly enriched δ15N signatures characterized sites in close proximity to CAFOs as well as point-source wastewater discharge areas, while the opposite was true for an unimpacted control stream and two estuarine sites. Additionally, the impacted sites yielded significantly (p < 0.05) higher nitrate concentrations than control and estuarine sites. Statistical analyses demonstrated that nitrate concentrations were positively correlated with heavier δ15N signatures, suggesting that animal waste, as well as human wastewater, are relatively more important sources of N to this large watershed than fertilizers from traditional row crop agriculture. Our results also suggested that during appropriate hydrological conditions CAFO-derived N can be detected many kilometers downstream from freshwater sources areas to the estuary.

Ecological Monitoring and Treatment of Waste Waters in North Industrial Unit of Togliatti City of Russia

Results of ecological monitoring of waste waters generated during industrial activity of enterprises of North Industrial Unit of Togliatti city and of storm waste waters of territory o Central district of Togliatti city in mixed flow of sewage ("dig"). Results of biological testing are allowing to conclude that degree of toxicity of investigated samples of waste waters is inconstant and is varying from not having toxicity to toxic. With the purpose of improvement of ecological situation in area of wastewater discharge to Volga river and of provision of corresponding quality of storm waste waters "KuibyshevAzot" Public Joint Stock Company is carrying out the implementation of the project of construction and commissioning of sewage treatment facilities of mixed flow of waste waters of enterprises of North Industrial Unit of Togliatti city.

DETERMINACIÓN DE LA DISTRIBUCIÓN DE CONTAMINANTES EMERGENTES EN AGUA INTERSTICIAL EN SEDIMENTOS DE HUMEDAL MEDIANTE LA OPTIMIZACIÓN Y VALIDACIÓN DE UN MÉTODO ANALÍTICO

The present work shows the methodology (study of a method) for the analysis of four emerging pollutants. Each studied pollutant represents a family from emerging pollutants (an estrogenic compound, an antibacterial, a pharmaceutical and a fragrance). The method was optimized to be used in a complex environmental matrix such as sediment interstitial water of a wetland with high organic matter content. The extraction of the compounds was carried out by solid phase extraction technique and quantified by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry in single ion monitoring mode. The method was validated using the “Single Laboratory Method Validation Process” through the determination of the performance parameters of the method. The optimized method was applied to the analysis of sediment interstitial water from the canals of the periurban agricultural zone of Xochimilco, Mexico. This preliminary study showed that the sampling point close to the wastewater discharge area from the secondary treatment wastewater plant had the highest concentration of emerging pollutants. Also, an inversely proportional relationship was observed between the concentrations of ibuprofen and musk with the concentration of organic matter in the sediments. The optimization of the method and the ratification with sediment interstitial water samples from the wetland, showed the worthiness of the method for the evaluation of the presence and distribution of emerging pollutants.

Application of an enzyme digestion method reveals microlitter in Mytilus trossulus at a wastewater discharge area

The ingestion of microlitter by blue mussels (450) was studied at a wastewater recipient area in the Baltic Sea. The mussel soft tissues were digested using enzymatic detergents and the detected litter particles characterized with FT-IR imaging spectroscopy. Microlitter concentration in seawater and WWTP effluent were also measured. Microlitter was found in 66% of the mussels. Mussels from the WWTP recipient had higher microlitter content compared to those collected at the reference site. Plastics made up 8% of all the analysed microlitter particles. The dominating litter types were fibres (~90% of all microlitter), 42% of which were cotton, 17% linen, 17% viscose and 4% polyester. The risk of airborne contamination during laboratory work was lowered when mussels were digested with their shells on instead of dissecting them first. The approach was found applicable and gentle to both non-synthetic and synthetic materials including fragile fibres.

Diversity and distribution of catechol 2, 3-dioxygenase genes in surface sediments of the Bohai Sea.

Catechol 2, 3-dioxygenase (C23O) is the key enzyme for aerobic aromatic degradation. Based on clone libraries and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, we characterized diversity and distribution patterns of C23O genes in surface sediments of the Bohai Sea. The results showed that sediments of the Bohai Sea were dominated by genes related to C23O subfamily I.2.A. The samples from wastewater discharge area (DG) and aquaculture farm (KL) showed distinct composition of C23O genes when compared to the samples from Bohai Bay (BH), and total organic carbon was a crucial determinant accounted for the composition variation. C6BH12-38 and C2BH2-35 displayed the highest gene copies and highest ratios to the 16S rRNA genes in KL, and they might prefer biologically labile aromatic hydrocarbons via aquaculture inputs. Meanwhile, C7BH3-48 showed the highest gene copies and highest ratios to the 16S rRNA genes in DG, and this could be selective effect of organic loadings from wastewater discharge. An evident increase in C6BH12-38 and C7BH3-48 gene copies and reduction in diversity of C23O genes in DG and KL indicated composition perturbations of C23O genes and potential loss in functional redundancy. We suggest that ecological habitat and trophic specificity could shape the distribution of C23O genes in the Bohai Sea sediments.

Biomonitoring of River Ganga Bank by Identifying Mollusc Species as an Indicator

The present study deals with biomonitoring to know mollusc species as an indicator. In the present study, presence, absence and abundance of particular gastropod and bivalve species were identified in the different banks of river Ganga. The study was carried out at two experimental sites, Sodepur (Exp-1) and Khardah (Exp-2), West Bengal, India as the area exhibits a major sewage water outfall in the river compared with upstream control site, Kalyani (Cont-1) and downstream control site, Batanagar (Cont-1). The present biomonitoring shows qualitatively and quantitatively that in experimental no mollusc species were observed near the wastewater discharge area into the bank of river Ganga at Khardah while both sites of the sewage discharge area into the bank of river Ganga at Sodepur particular gastropod Bellamya sp. were observed when compared to control area. The highest variety and total nos of gastropods and bivalves (280 nos) were recorded in the upstream at Kalyani and lowest variety and total nos of only gastropods (150 nos) were recorded in the downstream at Batanagar. The present biomonitoring work was a preliminary observation to know sensitive and tolerant or accumulator mollusc species in the bank of river Ganga from a stretch of Kalyani (upstream) to Batanagar (downstream) in between urban wastewater discharge area (Sodepur and Khardah). Further researches must be relevant in relation to biomarker assessment with the physico-chemical factors and stress tolerant detoxification mechanism of particular mollusc species.

Biomonitoring of River Ganga Bank by Identifying Mollusc Species as an Indicator

The present study deals with biomonitoring to know mollusc species as an indicator. In the present study, presence, absence and abundance of particular gastropod and bivalve species were identified in the different banks of river Ganga. The study was carried out at two experimental sites, Sodepur (Exp-1) and Khardah (Exp-2), West Bengal, India as the area exhibits a major sewage water outfall in the river compared with upstream control site, Kalyani (Cont-1) and downstream control site, Batanagar (Cont-1). The present biomonitoring shows qualitatively and quantitatively that in experimental no mollusc species were observed near the wastewater discharge area into the bank of river Ganga at Khardah while both sites of the sewage discharge area into the bank of river Ganga at Sodepur particular gastropod Bellamya sp. were observed when compared to control area. The highest variety and total nos of gastropods and bivalves (280 nos) were recorded in the upstream at Kalyani and lowest variety and total nos of only gastropods (150 nos) were recorded in the downstream at Batanagar. The present biomonitoring work was a preliminary observation to know sensitive and tolerant or accumulator mollusc species in the bank of river Ganga from a stretch of Kalyani (upstream) to Batanagar (downstream) in between urban wastewater discharge area (Sodepur and Khardah). Further researches must be relevant in relation to biomarker assessment with the physico-chemical factors and stress tolerant detoxification mechanism of particular mollusc species.

Quantification of lincomycin resistance genes associated with lincomycin residues in waters and soils adjacent to representative swine farms in China

Lincomycin is commonly used on swine farms for growth promotion as well as disease treatment and control. Consequently, lincomycin may accumulate in the environment adjacent to the swine farms in many ways, thereby influencing antibiotic resistance in the environment. Levels of lincomycin-resistance genes and lincomycin residues in water and soil samples collected from multiple sites near wastewater discharge areas were investigated in this study. Sixteen lincomycin-resistance and 16S rRNA genes were detected using real-time PCR. Three genes, lnu(F), erm(A), and erm(B), were detected in all water and soil samples except control samples. Lincomycin residues were determined by rapid resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, with concentrations detected as high as 9.29 ng/mL in water and 0.97 ng/g in soil. A gradual reduction in the levels of lincomycin-resistance genes and lincomycin residues in the waters and soils were detected from multiple sites along the path of wastewater discharging to the surrounding environment from the swine farms. Significant correlations were found between levels of lincomycin-resistance genes in paired water and soil samples (r = 0.885, p = 0.019), and between lincomycin-resistance genes and lincomycin residues (r = 0.975, p < 0.01). This study emphasized the potential risk of dissemination of lincomycin-resistance genes such as lnu(F), erm(A), and erm(B), associated with lincomycin residues in surrounding environments adjacent to swine farms.