Waste Services Research Articles

Determination of Service Priority Areas as an Effort to Increase Urban Solid Waste Service Coverage (Case study Ngawi Regency)

Limited budget and infrastructure require that a selection be made, which areas prioritize solid waste services. The priority of waste services is determined based on the results of the assessment of the interest scale matrix of the service area. Regions with the highest matrix scores receive priority, followed by sites with lower scores. This study aims to determine the importance of increasing the solid waste service area in Ngawi district, with 19 sub-districts. The results showed that the Ngawi sub-district, as the district capital, Ngawi sub-district was the priority to improve solid waste services, followed by Kedunggalar, Karangjati, Mantingan, and Padas sub-districts.

Strategy for institutional development of the regional technical implementing unit (UPTD) of regional waste landfill of NTB Province

The Kebon Kongok Regional Landfill (TPA) is one of the final processing sites serving West Lombok Regency and Mataram City. The Landfill is managed by the Regional Technical Implementing Unit (UPTD) of the Regional Waste Landfill of NTB Province under the Department of Environment and Forestry of NTB Province. Currently, waste services in Mataram City and West Lombok Regency have not met the sanitation target. One of the factors that affects it is the financial problem where there is no budget flexibility which often causes difficulties in handling operations, especially at the beginning and end of the year. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the institutional development strategy as an effort to increase the role of UPTD in solid waste services. The analytical method used is Force Field Analysis (FFA). Based on the FFA, it is found that the Total Weight Value (TNB) driving forces are more significant than the restraining forces; this means that UPTD of Regional Waste Landfill of NTB Province is encouraged to carry out institutional development. Therefore, the institutional development strategy is that UPTD applies for the Financial Management Pattern of Public Service Agencies (PPK-BLUD).

Eco-Productivity Analysis of the Municipal Solid Waste Service in the Apulia Region from 2010 to 2017

This paper presents a dynamic efficiency study of the solid waste management in the municipalities of the Apulia region (Southern Italy). The study employs the non-parametric Global Malmquist Index to measure the change in productivity of the municipal solid waste service from 2010 to 2017. Three different DEA-based models are implemented to measure productivity. The first model computes the service productivity solely from the economic perspective, while the second and third models compute the service productivity from both the economic and environmental perspectives. Adopting two distinct perspectives provides a more comprehensive insight into the performance of the waste management service considering the productivity and the eco-productivity of service provision. The results from the productivity analysis show that, between 2010 and 2017, the municipal solid waste sector was still facing a transitional period characterized by low cost-efficiency and productivity growth measurements. Vice versa, the efficiency and productivity indicators improve when the analysis is performed accounting for the environmental impact. Indeed, both the eco-efficiency and eco-productivity measures increase from 2010 to 2017. Findings demonstrate the critical importance to include environmental indicators in the efficiency and productivity analysis.

Waste Footprint of Selected City Districts of Prague

The growing population, thriving economy, rapid urbanisation significantly accelerate the generation of municipal waste. Tightening conditions for waste management are a challenge for all stakeholders to comply with the law and, at the same time, motivate them to reduce waste production. The knowledge of the biosphere's assimilation capacity can quantify the environmental impact of waste in an understandable and popular form to better understand the human need to assimilate the waste produced. Utilising the waste footprint indicator and anthropogenic emissions in the form of waste are converted into soil adsorption capacity. The article compares the waste footprints of different areas of the city of Prague. It quantifies the influence of living and waste services on the waste footprints of the capital inhabitants. This article also discusses the relationship of the waste footprint with other footprints and is intended to inform future debate on trace accounting.

Assessing the Potential for an Improved Solid Waste Collection in Kalmunai, Sri Lanka: An Analysis of Willingness to Pay

Rapid population growth and increase of economic activities combined with a lack of training in modern solid waste management practices complicate the efforts to improve the solid waste services. Poor waste management has led to indiscrimin ate dumping of solid waste into open spaces and drainages, blocking drains and causing flooding, environment pollution and public health issues. Collecting fees from the public can support finance for improving waste management service. This study intended to evaluate willingness to pay (WTP) of households for improved solid waste collection service in two selected zones of Kalmunai municipal council area. The survey covered 140 households using a stratified simple random sampling method from two selected zones. This study used a contingent valuation method to elicit households’ WTP and multiple linear regression models to determine factors influencing WTP. The household willingness to pay was significantly affected by gender, education, average income, householder’s concern about environment and cost of collecting 1 kg of waste. Gender and education were statistically significant at p<0.05, average income and cost of collecting 1kg of waste were statistically significant at p<0.1 and householder’s concern about environment was statistically significant at p<0.01. The results of this study show that the mean willingness to pay of households to organic/kitchen waste and plastic/paper waste was LKR 2.8/kg and LKR 2.63/kg, respectively.

Assessing efficiency of urban waste services and the role of tariff in a circular economy perspective: An empirical application for Italian municipalities

Since the previous decade, there has been an increasing awareness regarding the crucial role of waste management efficiency in ensuring health and environmental protection and the transition toward circular economy objectives. This empirical study investigates the efficiencies of urban waste systems in 78 major Italian towns between 2014 and 2018, taking into account the waste reduction and recycling targets indicated by European circular economy strategy. To this end, we employed the nonparametric approach to measure efficiency, namely the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model. Two DEA models to account for both constant and variable returns to scale were performed. An undesirable output (the total amount of waste collected) was included in the analysis as an input to account for waste reduction targets. Moreover, efficiency scores obtained through the DEA analysis were investigated in relation to relevant variables, along with the already studied variables, such as geographic localization, population density, and the aging index. We also included the tariff paid for waste services and the collection method. The estimated efficiency scores showed significant differences across all the evaluated municipalities, with a promising average growth. We find that the Northern and Central major towns have higher efficiency than the Southern and Island towns. Moreover, efficiency is higher for more densely populated towns and towns with a higher elderly rate. Further, efficiency is higher when the average tariff applied is lower and when door-to-door collection is in force. Finally, the collection method emerges as a crucial issue in ensuring the transition toward circular economy in the urban waste sector.

Effectiveness-efficiency nexus in municipal solid waste management: A non-parametric evidence-based study

The scope of this work is to present a comprehensive approach to analyze the effectiveness-efficiency nexus in the evaluation of the performance of municipal solid waste (MSW) management. The rate of separate MSW collection is used to measure service effectiveness. A multiple set of non-parametric indicators is employed to obtain measurements of technical, scale and congestion efficiencies of waste service provision. This approach was implemented to conduct an empirical study to evaluate the performance of MSW management in 258 municipalities in the Apulia region (Southern Italy) from 2010 to 2017. The study was organized in two phases. In the first phase, measures for the three efficiency indicators were calculated applying Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with an output-oriented model specification. In the second phase, Panel Tobit analysis with random parameters was employed to examine the effectiveness-efficiency one way nexus, considering both municipalities’ heterogeneities and context-specific variables. The efficiency analysis shows that several municipalities are still far from achieving acceptable performance scores. Between 2010 and 2017 the average rate of separate MSW collection increased only from 16.6% to 39.6%, while the average loss of technical efficiency ranged from 27% to 39%. On average, such inefficiency was due to an important extent to the low pure technical efficiency that ranged from about 69% to 81%, and to a lesser extent to scale and congestion inefficiencies. Indeed, scale efficiency was between 85.4% and 92.6%, whereas congestion efficiency was higher than 99%. The study also highlights that there is no trade-off between effectiveness and efficiency. For the largest part of the municipalities, high levels of effectiveness and efficiency can be achieved at the same time. For about 83% of the municipalities the decrease of the sorted waste collection rate is associated to a decrease of the pure technical efficiency. A drop of the output congestion efficiency due to a relatively high collection of the unsorted fraction of waste reduces the rate of the sorted waste collection for most of municipalities (77.3%). Results also indicate that for many municipalities (about 87%) improving the MSW service effectiveness necessarily requires reducing the average quantity of waste generated by people.

WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS IN JARING HALUS VILLAGE, SECANGGANG DISTRICT, LANGKAT REGENCY

This study seeks to determine and characterize the efficacy of the waste management system in Jaring Halus Village, Secanggang District, Langkat Province. The method of research employed is qualitative research. Interviews, observation, and documentation were employed as data collection technique. The data were then examined using Duncan's theory, which includes the elements of goal attainment, integration, and adaptation. The North Sumatra Provincial Environment Service, the Langkat Regency Environmental Service, the village head and Jaring Halus Village Apparatus, and the Jaring Halus Village Community were among the 11 informants in this study who had knowledge of the waste management system. Based on the findings, it is clear that the waste management system in Jaring Halus Village, Secanggang District, Langkat Province has not been effective. Due to various difficulties, including the absence of solid waste services and monitoring, unsustainable Jumat Bersih and collaboration actions, and the community's continued practice of dumping trash into the sea. One positive outcome of integration has been increased sociability and cooperation among the multiple stakeholders. The waste management system adaptation dimension in the province of North Sumatra has not been as effective as in Langkat Regency, particularly Jaring Halus Village. Due to a lack of resources to support the deployment of the waste management system, the infrastructure is inadequate. Moreover, the capacity of human resources to teach the public remains insufficient.

Solid Waste Disposal Management Practices in Ghana, A Case Study of Subin Metropolis

Solid waste management is a societal problem both in developed and developing countries and studies have shown that most developing nations are struggling to find a lasting solution to this bane. The study therefore, sought to assess the waste management practices in Ghana using Subin Metropolis as a case study and offer some solutions to the challenges faced by resident and city authorities in managing the problem. Subin Metropolis a suburb of Kumasi, is considered as one of the highly-dense suburbs in terms of its human population and social activities.In this study, a set of structured questionnaires was administered to households selected randomly. The total number of households selected was based on statistics of the 2010 population census of one hundred and seventy-four thousand and four (174,004) inhabitants. with an annual growth rate of 4.8%, was used in projecting the number of inhabitants in the suburb for 2020 being the year under consideration as 253192, was adopted using the Slovin’s equation resulting in a sample size of four hundred (400). Data collected were analysed using SPSS and the results presented.Findings of the research reveal that despite the provision of dustbin by Subin sub metro authority and waste management companies, 32.25% of the residents use inappropriate storage receptacles including plastic bags to store their refuse temporarily in the house.8.75% of residents dispose of their waste through waste companies using dump truck, 76% of the waste generated are evacuated through paid labourer for onward transportation to the few waste storage and collecting points within the metropolis. If the wastes at the storage point are not evacuated on time can lead to serious health implications.Lack of access roads is a major hindrance to effective waste management in the community due to poor spatial planning. Inadequate information and education on waste management and alternative strategies on managing waste is also another limiting factor that contributed to the poor sanitary condition in the Metropolis.This paper recommends using a multifaceted approach in solving the waste management menace through awareness creation, community engagement, information sharing as well as sustainable waste management systems such as waste reduction and recycling of waste. The paper also recommends that the city authority create more access roads in the community to improve upon waste services delivery.

EVALUASI EFEKTIFITAS SISTEM PENGANGKUTAN DAN PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DI TPA SARIMUKTI KOTA BANDUNG

The large population and the diversity of activities in big cities in Indonesia have resulted in the emergence of common problems in urban infrastructure services, such as solid waste problems. One of them is the city of Bandung which has the highest landfill load, which is 3.55 m3 (BPLHD, 2008). According to data from PD Kebersihan Bandung City, that waste services only cover 62.73% of the total waste generation. Currently, waste in the city of Bandung is disposed of at the Sarimukti TPA, which is located in Cipatat District, West Bandung Regency. This location and the city of Bandung is relatively far, which is about 45 km from the center of Bandung. The results of the evaluation transport trucks from TPS to TPA Sarimukti at 1 ritation obtained a total time of 10 hours, in the waste collection system only exist one driver who works day and night. The potential gas from CO2 and CH4 landfills to cause a greenhouse effect, it is necessary to capture gas. The IPL configuration, TPA sarimukti consists of an Anaerobic Pond, Aerobic Pool, Sedimentation Pond and Sanitation Pool. However, the parameters for COD, BOD, TDS, free ammonia, and H2S have not met the quality standard. The treatment efficiency is low for COD of only 20% due to the design depth that does not meet the design criteria, the number of aerators is insufficient or the aerators are not started according to the requirements so that the oxygen supply in the aerobic pond is reduced.

Municipal solid waste collection systems: An indicator to assess the reusability of products.

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A Smart City Economy Supported by Service Level Agreements: A Conceptual Study into the Waste Management Domain

The full potential of smart cities is not yet realized, and opportunities continue to exist in relation to the business models which govern service provision in cities. In saying this, we make reference to the waste services made available by councils across cities in the United Kingdom (UK). In the UK, smart waste management (SWM) continues to exist as a service trialed across designated cities, and schemes are not yet universally deployed. This therefore exists as a business model which might be improved so that wider roll-out and uptake may be encouraged. In this paper, we present a proposal of how to revise SWM services through integrating the Internet service provider (ISP) into the relationship alongside home and business customers and the city council. The goal of this model is to give customers the opportunity for a more dynamic and flexible service. Furthermore, it will introduce benefits for all parties, in the sense of more satisfied home and business owners, ISPs with a larger customer base and greater profits, and city councils with optimized expenses. We propose that this is achieved using personalized and flexible SLAs. A proof-of-concept model is presented in this paper, through which we demonstrate that the cost to customers can be optimized when they interact with the SWM scheme in the recommended ways.

An Evaluation of Interventions for Improving Pro-Environmental Waste Behaviour in Social Housing

Recycling levels have been stagnating for a decade in England. Over the last 2 years, 39% of local authorities have seen a reduction in their recycling rates. Social housing has historically been neglected in waste service provision and literature. Housing associations own 2.5 million dwellings, representing 10% of all housing stock in England. Improvements to waste services and increased resident engagement in social housing could address stalling recycling levels and contribute to the aim of the national waste strategy of moving towards a circular economy. This paper presents the results of engagement with housing association residents across 24 sites in England. Following community engagement workshops, a range of resident-led interventions were implemented, including improvements to recycling services and installation of onsite food waste composters. An inclusive resident engagement programme bespoke to each site was pioneered, including regular feedback on waste reduction and recycling performance. The impact of the project was evaluated using mixed methods, including monitoring of recycling levels and resident and stakeholder surveys. The interventions stimulated behaviour changes, leading to increased recycling rates (+10.4% per site compared to baseline), waste reduction (0.4 kg per flat per week compared to baseline), increased recycling quality, and social cohesion. The research outcomes provide a model for improving waste management in social housing globally.

DETERMINATION OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF GULLY EROSION IN KURMIN-GWARI SETTLEMENT

Sustainable development is the positive socio-economic change that does not undermine the ecological and social systems upon which communities and social systems are dependent. Land provides services to humans and other life forms as well as providing raw materials in production process. Land provides waste assimilation services as well as other ecosystem functions. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of gully erosion on the residents of Kurmin Gwari settlement, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The study intends to identify the percentage of the residents according to localities that have suffered socially and economically from gully incidents. It also intends to determine the relationship between adverse social and economic effects suffered by the affected people in the various localities of the study area. The Primary sources of data are direct observation from fieldwork and the use of questionnaire, while the secondary sources are topographic map and library materials. Descriptive statistical tools were applied to deal with the techniques of summarizing and describing data collected. Percentages, proportion and mean were applied to get expected frequencies. The result revealed that at Layin Pumpo 65% of respondents are affected by destruction of ancestral homeland by gully erosion. 100% are affected by loss of source of water supply. 72.5% find the gully site frightful. 92.5% experience trauma as a result of gully erosion in the area and 57.5% lost relatives. The study recommended that due to gully erosion and other natural environmental disasters, the need for an integrated environmental planning is paramount.

The Cost of Reducing Municipal Unsorted Solid Waste: Evidence from Municipalities in Chile

The management of municipal solid waste sector is crucial for a sustainable circular economy. Waste utilities are expected to provide high quality solid waste services at an affordable price. The efficient management of solid waste requires its assessment from an economic and environmental perspective, i.e., eco-efficiency assessment. Although the reduction of unsorted waste incurs an economic cost, its positive externalities are huge for the well-being of society, the environment, and people. Our study quantifies the marginal cost of reducing any unsorted waste using stochastic frontier analysis techniques which allow us to estimate the eco-efficiency of the waste sector. Our empirical approach focuses on the municipal solid waste collection and recycling services provided by several waste utilities in Chile. The results indicate that substantial eco-inefficiency in the sector exists, since the average eco-efficiency score is roughly 0.5 which means that the municipalities could approximately halve their operational costs and unsorted waste to produce the same level of output. The average marginal cost of reducing unsorted waste is 32.28 Chilean pesos per ton, although notable differences are revealed among the waste utilities evaluated. The results provided by this study are of great interest to stakeholders to promote sustainable management solutions and resource efficient solid waste services.

KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA PELAYANAN KEBERSIHAN DI KOTA KEDIRI

This research aims to determine the performance of local government policies in improving solid waste services in the environmental cleanliness and gardening service of Kediri city. Based on Law No.18 of 2008 concerning waste management, regional regulation policy No. 3 of 2015 concerning waste management in Kediri City. Based on this regulation, it is very important to strengthen solid waste cleaning services in Kediri City. This research method used is a qualitative research method. Data is obtained through observation and analysis from secondary data and primary data. The results of this study indicate that the performance indicators of cleaning services on road sweeping are still less efficient and the technical work of road sweeping is still less productive, as a support for the infrastructure for waste collection equipment or waste collection from TPS / TPS 3R to TPA is still not optimal, this is due to limitations equipment in the environmental cleanliness and gardening service of Kediri City. From the results of the researchers, it can be concluded that the local government policy in improving the performance of cleaning services in Kediri City have not reached performance standards and the level of cleaning services cannot be said to be efficient and effective.Key Word: Public Policy Performance, Garbage Cleaning Services

Rethinking performance measurement models using a fuzzy logic system approach: a performative exploration on ownership in waste management

Literature on performance measurement in waste management service, usually considers assessment tools and methods that focus only on a specific dimension of performance and lacks methods and models that simultaneously consider more dimensions. In this study, adopting the fuzzy logic expert system, we propose a performance measurement model that simultaneously considers three performance dimensions: profitability, financial characteristics and efficiency. To show its empirical implementation, a quantitative analysis was developed regarding the service provided in the 106 Italian provincial capitals that have different owner structures (private, public and mixed). As output, the fuzzy logic system approach adopted generated a rating for the assessment of the performance of the entities, and then a ranking of the cities based on the same. The main results show that: 1) the public owned companies that provide the waste management service have an overall better performance than those with private or mixed ownerships; 2) cities that entrust the waste management service to the same company do not occupy an adjacent position in the ranking.As practical implications, the proposed model can help public administrators: a) to control the outcomes of their entities (as the TARI); b) to make a decision whether to provide solid waste management services directly or through a private entity chosen to provide the service in return for a negotiated fee; c) to compare waste management services provided in different cities in an objective way and to monitor their performance over time, with the aim of achieving continuous improvement. The model's outcomes are useful to assist public managers and politicians in assessing the compliance level of performance goals related to the solid waste service; while the overall performance index is a useful tool to assist the decision-making process leading to change either fully or partially, their nature from public to mixed or private. The proposed method is able to formalize and automate the decision-making process concerning the evaluation of the performance of waste management, reducing the distortions of the political and environmental context.

Exploring Administrative Capacity and Local Governance in the Peruvian Waste Sector: Implications for Complex Service Delivery in the Global South

Municipalities in the Global South confront significant implementation challenges for the delivery of services, especially as service complexity increases. Waste management, which includes services of different complexity such as simple waste collection and complex waste disposal, is a useful sector to study. This article conducts an exploratory case study in four Peruvian municipalities to learn about the relationship between administrative capacity, political influence, and civil society participation and the performance of two waste services. The findings highlight the need to more closely consider service-specific administrative capacity in future research on performance, particularly when analyzing more complex services. Accounting for service complexity may also be important for practitioners when planning measures to strengthen administrative capacity.

Eco-efficiency assessment of municipal solid waste services: Influence of exogenous variables.

Improving the eco-efficiency of municipalities in the provision of municipal solid waste (MSW) services is fundamental in the context of a circular economy. This study evaluates the eco-efficiency of a sample of Spanish municipalities, integrating the total cost as input, recyclable waste as desirable output, and unsorted waste as undesirable output. Following a pioneering approach, the weighted Russell directional distance model (a non-radial data envelopment analysis model) was employed, which allowed us to obtain a global inefficiency score and individual inefficiency scores for each variable integrated in the model. In the second stage of analysis, the potential factors affecting the previously computed inefficiency scores were investigated. The results indicated that one third of the municipalities evaluated were eco-efficient in the provision of MSW services with the total cost being the variable in which the municipalities exhibited the best performance. Moreover, the size of the municipalities, population served, population density, tourism, and availability of containers for separative collection of paper, glass, and plastic significantly affect the eco-efficiency of the municipalities. The findings of this study provide detailed information to support decision-making for the policy makers to improve the eco-efficiency of the municipalities in managing MSW.

Users’ Perceptions of Local Public Water and Waste Services: A Case Study for Sustainable Development

Access to safe drinking water is essential to good health, a basic human right, and a component of effective policy for health protection. Improving the quality of local public water and waste services is one of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation). This study aims to know the degree of satisfaction of domestic users who receive services related to water and waste in municipalities with less than 20,000 inhabitants in the province of Badajoz (Spain). We carry out this research because the perception of municipal services provided by the public administration is usually negative and deficient. The case study PROMEDIO, the consortium formula, is described as a successful partnership to improve the quality of local public water and waste services. For this purpose, a detailed analysis of the different aspects involved in the relationship between the users and the services provided is carried out. The consortium was found to increase citizens’ satisfaction with the services provided, given the close relationship between the municipality and the users.