Waste Sawdust Research Articles

Preparation and characterization of ultra-lightweight ceramsite using non-expanded clay and waste sawdust

Expanded clay as a high-quality raw material to produce ceramsite is rapidly consumed in the past decades. A novel and green process to prepare the ultra-lightweight ceramsite using non-expanded clay and waste sawdust as raw materials was proposed in the present study, and the physical properties and phase transition mechanism of the ultra-lightweight ceramsite under different raw material formulas and sintering parameters were investigated. The synergistic effects of sawdust and Fe2O3 have a great influence on the expansion properties of ceramsite. The bulk density of ceramsite decreases with the increasing Fe2O3 content and sintering temperature, and it decreases first and then increases with the increase of sawdust content. The generation of gas and vitreous phase by sawdust burning and Fe2O3 reduction can promote the expansion of ceramsite. The typical core-cortex structure of ceramsite is formed, and the compact structure of the external layer significantly reduces the water absorption of ceramsite. The ultra-lightweight ceramsite was obtained with a bloating index of 321%, water absorption of 12.5%, bulk density of 280 kg/m3, and compressive strength of 1.0 MPa under the optimum conditions.

Preparation of ultra-lightweight ceramsite from red mud and immobilization of hazardous elements

Red mud is a solid waste containing high alkaline nature and hazardous elements generated during the alumina production process, and its harmless utilization is of great significance to the environment. In this work, the sintering behavior and physical properties of ultra-lightweight ceramsite using red mud and waste sawdust were investigated when the sintering temperatures are between 1075 and 1175 ºC. The results reveal that the red mud is a suitable material to produce ultra-lightweight ceramsite, and the introduction of waste sawdust effectively enhances the expansion process. The bulk density of ceramsite decreases first and then increases with the increase of red mud and sawdust content. The pores are formed by the reduction reactions of Fe2O3 in red mud and the combustion of sawdust. When the red mud content is 50% and the mass ratio of sawdust to Fe2O3 is 0.3, the bulk density of ceramsite is in the range of 295–480 kg/cm3. Furthermore, the leaching concentrations of heavy metals in ceramsite are far below the permissible limit. This study is helpful to realize the harmless and large-scale utilization of red mud.

Pemanfaatan Limbah Serbuk Kayu Sebagai Subtitusi Agregat Halus Pada Beton

Concrete is the most widely used material as the main material in construction. As time progresses, human needs also increase, so in this study, wood waste was used into concrete mix with a normal concrete compressive strength value of 20 MPa using aggregate from the Jeneberang River.
 In this study, using sawdust waste to be utilized in concrete with variations of 0%, 3%, 6% and 9% with the aim of research to find out how the effect of sawdust waste into concrete mix with predetermined variations. The implementation method uses the SNI method by making test objects in the form of cylinders and blocks at the Indonesian Christian University Paul Laboratory. 
 From the results of the research conducted, it was found that the effect of sawdust waste mixed into the concrete mixture showed the value of the compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength of the concrete increased by 3% then decreased in variations of 6% and 9% but at the addition of 3% the strength value The compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete decreased compared to normal concrete.

Comparative Assessment of Combustion Properties of Carbonized and Non-carbonized Briquettes from Sawdust

Sawdust is a by-product of woodwork operations such as sawing, sanding, milling, planning and routing. It is mainly composed of fine chippings of wood. This study compares and contrast the properties of carbonized and non-carbonized briquettes made from sawdust. Eight (8) different briquettes samples were synthesized (four (4) for non–carbonized and four (4) for carbonized briquettes) with equal binder concentrations of 3.0, 5.0, 7.0 and 9.0 % w/w respectively. The briquettes produced were labelled A, B, C and D for the non–carbonized briquettes and E, F, G and H for the carbonized briquettes respectively. Tapioca starch was used as the binding agent. The combustion properties analyzed were ash content, moisture content and volatile matter. The fixed carbon content, calorific value, bulk density and briquettes yield were also determined. The carbonized briquette samples were found to have lower ash content, moisture content and volatile matter with average values of 16.95 %, 6.06 %, and 20.70 % w/w respectively, compared to that of the non-carbonized briquette with corresponding average values of 23.14 %, 7.94 % and 23.74 % w/w respectively. The carbonized briquettes were adjudged better fuel having higher carbon content, calorific value and bulk density with average values of 56.30 wt%, 26.26MJ/kg and 184.41kg/m 3 respectively, compared to that of the non-carbonized briquette with corresponding average values of 45.29 wt%, 23.47MJ/kg and 173.61kg/m 3 respectively. More also, the carbonized briquettes exhibit slightly a higher briquette yield than the corresponding non-carbonized briquettes produced. Generally, the results indicate that carbonized briquettes are better fuels than the corresponding non-carbonized briquettes. Furthermore, the results point to the viability of using waste sawdust for briquette manufacture as alternative energy source for domestic and local small-scale industries applications. Keywords: briquettes, sawdust, carbonize, non-carbonize, binder, tapioca DOI: 10.7176/CPER/64-05 Publication date: June 30 2022

Synthesis and Characterization of Activated Carbon Derived from Rubberwood Sawdust via Carbonization and Chemical Activation as Electrode Material for Supercapacitor

This research aims to study the physical and electrochemical properties of the activated carbon derived from rubberwood sawdust as electrode material for supercapacitors. Rubberwood sawdust, waste from the wood processing industry, was used as the precursor for synthesizing activated carbon using potassium hydroxide (KOH) as an activation agent. The carbonization was carried out at 400 °C under the nitrogen atmosphere. In this experiment, the rubberwood sawdust chars were activated by impregnating KOH solution using the impregnation ratios 1:1 and 1:3 (Char: KOH). After that, the samples were activated at 700, 800, and 900 °C, respectively. The adsorption isotherm, surface area, total pore volume, pore size distribution, and structure porosity were investigated. The XRD was used to examine the structural characteristics. The morphology of the sample was characterized by FESEM. The surface functional group of the samples was determined by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. The three-electrode testing consists of the activated carbon samples coated on aluminum foil (Working electrode), Ag/AgCl (Reference electrode), and platinum wire (counter electrode) in 1 molar of KOH. According to the research, the activated carbon at an impregnation ratio of 1:3 with an activation temperature of 900 °C presented the highest surface area, total pore volume, and average pore diameter as 1,574.39 m2/g, 0.6906 cm3/g, and 1.89 nm, respectively. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) result showed a high specific capacitance value of 54.08 F/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s in the case of the impregnation ratio of 1:3 with an activation temperature of 900 °C. Thus, the activated carbon derived from rubberwood sawdust waste as an electrode material can be a promising candidate for supercapacitors due to its outstanding electrochemical properties.

Pengaruh Variasi Ukuran Partikel Bahan Biopelet Terhadap Laju Pembakaran Dan Kerapatan Massa Pada Limbah Kayu Mahoni

The potential of biomass as an alternative energy source is very abundant, but not yet well managed. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 40 mesh, 60 mesh, 80 mesh, 100 size variations on biopelet waste on mass density values ??and combustion ratesThe potential of biomass as an alternative energy source is very abundant, but not yet well managed. Biomass is an organic material derived from leaves, twigs, dry grasses, agricultural waste and forestry waste. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 40 mesh, 60 mesh, 80 mesh, 100 size variations on biopelet waste on mass density values ??and combustion rates. Mahogany sawdust waste is sorted, then dried in the sun for 7 hours to reduce water content. Furthermore, mahogany wood powder is refined so that the size of the material becomes smaller. Then do the sifting with a variation of 40 mesh sieve, 60 mesh, 80 mesh, 100 mesh. Mahogany wood waste is sorted, then dried in the sun for 7 hours to reduce water content. Furthermore, mahogany wood powder is refined so that the size of the material becomes smaller. Then sieving with 40 mesh sieve variations, 60 mesh, 80 mesh, 100 mesh. Mahogany wood powder is mixed with adhesive using a ratio of 80% mahogany powder and 20% tapioca adhesive. Subsequently printed using a pressure of 115 kg / cm2, allowed to stand for 2 minutes removed from the mold. The results showed the effect of biopelet size on the characteristics of biopelet with the highest density at 100 mesh sieve size with a value of 1.151 g / cm3, and the lowest burning rate was obtained on biopelet with a size of 100 mesh material with a value of 3.58 g / min

The Use of Baikal Psychrophilic Actinobacteria for Synthesis of Biologically Active Natural Products from Sawdust Waste

One of the relevant areas in microbiology and biotechnology is the study of microorganisms that induce the destruction of different materials, buildings, and machines and lead to negative effects. At the same time, the positive ecological effects of degradation can be explained by the detoxication of industrial and agricultural wastes, chemical substances, petroleum products, xenobiotics, pesticides, and other chemical pollutants. Many of these industrial wastes include hard-to-degrade components, such as lignocellulose or plastics. The biosynthesis of natural products based on the transformation of lignocellulosic wastes is of particular interest. One of the world’s unique ecosystems is presented by Lake Baikal. This ecosystem is characterized by the highest level of biodiversity, low temperatures, and a high purity of the water. Here, we studied the ability of several psychrophilic representatives of Baikal Actinobacteria to grow on sawdust wastes and transform them into bioactive natural products. Different strains of both widely spread genus of Actinobacteria and rare genera of Actinobacteria were tested. We used the LC-MS methods to show that Actinobacteria living in sawmill wastes can produce both known and novel natural products with antibiotic activity. We demonstrated that the type of sawmill wastes and their concentration influence the Actinobacteria biosynthetic potential. We have shown for the first time that the use of Baikal psychrophilic microorganisms as a factory for biodegradation is applicable for the transformation of lignocellulosic wastes. Thus, the development of techniques for screening novel natural products leads to an elaboration on the active ingredients for novel drugs.

Pendampingan Pemanfaatan Limbah Sekbuk Kayu dalam Memperoleh Value Added yang Bernilai Ekonomis

UD. Tabola Mebel is a type of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) engaged in furniture which is located in the Kemutar Telu RT 03/RW 08, Menala Village, Taliwang District, West Sumbawa Regency, NTB, with services based on orders from consumers for various types of furniture, ranging from chairs to chairs. , desk, wardrobe, and bed. The purpose of the Stimulus Community Partnership Program is to provide knowledge and skills to partners, both to those in charge & managers and their workers, in order to obtain design of quality wood sawdust waste utilization, so that it can function properly at the production level to produce performance of product that has economic value. The implementation method in this program is using PALS, which consists of 3 (three) stages, namely awareness, participation and training and mentoring. The results and outputs of the Stimulus Community Partnership Program are increased knowledge and skills of Partners on the potential and performance of a process in the utilization of sawdust waste into products of economic value, namely the design of paving block products.

Sawdust and soil block as wall in simple buildings to gain the optimum heat and embodied energy in humid tropical area

Red bricks are widely used in Indonesia. The process of making red brick itself causes many problems such as the combustion process and the creation of air pollutant during the production process. On the other hand, waste from timber industry in Indonesia, which is called sawdust, becomes a problem that need to be solved by the woodcraft industry. Therefore, this study aims to substitute the use of red brick as wall material as well as reducing the waste of woodcraft industry by mixing sawdust waste with clay and cement as an alternative. The purpose of this study is investigating the performance of sawdust as wall material in terms of heat transfer and embodied energy in buildings compared to red brick. This study aims to analyse the optimum composition of sawdust as wall material to gain a balanced heat and embodied energy in simple housing. The study investigates sawdust wall in building with the size of 36m2 by using simulation software called Archipak. The embodied energy calculation uses standard embodied energy per unit. The research variable is the thickness of sawdust walls. The result of this study is the thickness of sawdust wall with minimum heat transfer and embodied energy.

EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LIGNIN FROM MOROCCAN THUYA. ITS APPLICATION AS ADSORBENT OF METHYLENE BLUE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION

"The present investigation includes the extraction of lignin from waste sawdust of the wood industry (Tetraclinis articulata) using sulfuric acid treatment, its characterization and further use for the removal of methylene blue (MB) cationic dye from aqueous media. The extracted lignin was characterized by FT-IR and XRD, its thermal properties were studied using TGA and DSC analyses, and its surface morphology was observed by SEM and EDX. The FT-IR spectra showed homogeneity in the chemical structure of the lignin sample. In the adsorption study, the effects of temperature, contact time, and adsorption concentration of MB were determined. The kinetic study showed that the second-order model gives a better description of the kinetics of the adsorption reaction than the first-order model. The analysis of adsorption isotherms using different classical models showed that adsorption may be governed by the Langmuir isotherm. The thermodynamic parameters were determined from the values of the maximum adsorption capacity and equilibrium constants."

The Antioxidant Activity of the Extracts from Disposition of the Waste Sawdust Substrate from Shiitake Mushroom (<i>Lentinula edodes</i>) Cultivation by the Two-step Hot/hot-compressed Water Percolation

The Antioxidant Activity of the Extracts from Disposition of the Waste Sawdust Substrate from Shiitake Mushroom (<i>Lentinula edodes</i>) Cultivation by the Two-step Hot/hot-compressed Water Percolation

Determination of Sulphate Ion Concentration in Some Ground Water in the Cape Coast Metropolitan Area, Central Region, Ghana and Its Effects on Concrete Brick with Admixture of Sawdust Ash

The admixture was prepared from Sawdust waste (SDA) and was pyrolysis by placing it in a Nabertherm (SN224350) at a controlled condition. The SDA was characterized using X-ray diffraction technique and applied as an admixture in producing concrete brick with good cementitious properties. Some key factors that contribute to concrete durability such as compacting, curing ages and the essence of quality water were taking into accounts.The sulphate ion concentration in ground water source was determined and its effects on concrete brick with 5 % SDA, 15 % SDA and 25 % SDA replacement were assessed and its compressive strength reported.5% replacements of sawdust ash, concrete brick (no curing) was found to have suffered greater attack at 28 days immersion period as compared to concrete bricks cured for 3 days and 7 days. 3 days curing and no curing of concrete brick showed a greater resistance against Sulphate intrusion with 25% sawdust ash replacements at 28 days immersion period. Premature curing of concrete brick for 7 days, with an increase in sawdust ash replacement were even more vulnerable to sulphate ion attack than concrete brick with 3 days curing and no curing.

PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH SERBUK HASIL OLAHAN KAYU SEBAGAI BAHAN PAPAN PARTIKEL DI UKM AISYAH MEBEL PALANGKA RAYA

Excessive use of wood can cause the amount of wood to be cut to increase as a result, wood is increasingly difficult to obtain. It should be realized that the use of forest products through the processing industry must begin to be observed and efforts must be made to use raw materials that must be able to be processed and produce useful and valuable products, even optimizing materials and minimizing waste or being environmentally friendly. The wood and non-timber waste is used for recycled products that can provide economic value benefits for the community. The raw material for particleboard comes from the rest of the wood processing in the sawmill industry, so it doesn't require high raw material requirements. The activity of utilizing processed wood powder waste is carried out at UKM Aisyah Furniture, Palangkaraya. The process of making particle board made from sawdust can use fox glue. The distribution of particles and adhesive that spreads evenly tends to get a more even board density. Knowledge of the utilization of wood-processed powder waste can be used to utilize wood-processed sawdust waste so that it has economic value

Mechanical properties of wood polymer composites made of sawdust waste and recycled high density polyethylene

This work investigated the mechanical properties of wood polymer composites (WPCs), which were made using recycled high density polyethylene (HDPE) and sawdust waste. Degraded HDPE was used as a coupling agent. Different blends of virgin (vPE) and recycled (rPE) poly ethylene's with various ratio (100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 and 0/100) were prepared in order to be used as matrices. PE blends and composites were prepared by melt-mixing technique using mini twin-extruder. Mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength (UTS), impact strength and Shore hardness were determined for vPE, rPE, PE blends and PE composites. The mechanical properties of PE blends and composites were mainly depended on the composition of its matrices. Presences of degraded HDPE as a coupling agent played an important role on the mechanical properties of WPCs. Increasing the rPE content in the blend composition displayed decrease in the UTS and impact strength properties. The incorporation of only sawdust into vPE, rPE and PE blends matrices caused reduction in UTS and impact strength properties and an increase in Shore hardness. UTS, impact strength and Shore hardness for all WPCs were improved when 5% degraded PE was added. UTS and Shore hardness for composites with 5% degraded PE were higher than that of its matrices. The properties of PE composites were better than that of PE blends, which suggesting that using rPE to attain blends with vPE and then making composites appears to be more preferable than making only PE blends.

Oil palm empty bunches as a growing media for white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)

The media used to grow oyster mushrooms is sawdust waste, such as sengon, gmelina, and candlenut. Therefore, several researchers conducted research to find alternative media to replace sawdust, such as mulberry pulp, sago pulp, coconut fibre, and bamboo pulp. This research utilizes waste of oil palm empty bunches as a medium used to grow oyster mushrooms. In addition, this study aims to determine the duration of immersion of oil palm empty bunches as a pre-treatment before being used as a growing medium for white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). Before being used as a medium, empty fruit bunches of oil palm are cut into small pieces and then made into powder. The stages in this research are mixing raw materials, composting, making baglog, sterilization, inoculation, incubation, maintenance, and harvesting. There were seven treatments applied in this study, namely immersion in cold water for five days (P1), for seven days (P2), and nine days (P3); immersion in 100 °C hot water for 1 hour (P4), for 2 hours (P5), and 3 hours (P6); without immersion or control (P7). The results obtained are empty oil palm fruit bunches with cold soaking for five days (P1) and hot soaking at 100 °C for two hours can be used as a medium for oyster mushroom cultivation.

Preparation and Characterization of Ultra-Lightweight Ceramsite Using Non-Expanded Clay and Waste Sawdust

Preparation and Characterization of Ultra-Lightweight Ceramsite Using Non-Expanded Clay and Waste Sawdust

Do organic additives stimulate specific body weight gain and reproductive parameters of Earthworms Eisenia fetida and Aporrectodea caliginosa?

Food resource availability is one of the most important factors affecting the performance and different activities of earthworms. Thus the present study focuses on testing the biological responses of two different species of earthworms one of them represents an epigeic forms Eisenia fetida and the other belongs to edaphic (Aporrectodea caliginosa) towards a mixture of organic substances of rice straw, cow dung, leaf litter, sawdust, banana peel, and kitchen waste. Specific body weight gain (SBWG) and different reproduction parameters were measured in relation to the diet quality of organic additives. Significant effects of the used organic additives on different studied parameters of both worm species could be recorded. The two earthworm species showed different responses toward the organic additives. In conclusion, it could be suggested that species specificity, worm’s ecotype, as well as food resource availability, are the main factors controlling worm biomass and different earthworm activities.

ARTISTIC ACOUSTIC PANEL RECYCLED MATERIAL FROM PLASTIC BOTTLES AND WASTE OF SAMPYAN, SAWDUST, HUSKS, STRAW

Background – The problem of waste is one of big problems arise from various sectors. Recycling and reusing can be one good solution. Balinese people who still carry out traditions including the event with various arts, one of which is a beautiful offering. This beautiful offering is in the form of sampyan from art coconut leaves which ends as waste. In the past, when Balinese were going to cook, they could use fuel from this dry coconut leaves waste. On The Holidays for ceremonies, there is a 30% increase in waste. Even though this is a ceremonial waste, a balance in the relationship with God/Hyang Widi must be maintained in accordance with the Balinese concept of Tri Hita Karana. This concept is in the form of a balanced relationship towards Hyang Widi/God, to the fellow humans and to the environment that causes happiness. Therefore, waste must be processed. Husks and straw waste from rise field in Bali amounted to 54.65 million tons of GKG, then alot of sawdust waste from wood carving and wood architecture industries. This waste is often burned even though some are used for planting media and fuel. On the other hand, the tourism community and people in Bali produce 829 tons of plastic waste per day. Currently, appreciation of buildings with “Green Architecture” is a concern for tourism and will become of destinations. Thus, it will very possible in Bali. Purpose – provide economic value added for the community, wood workers and farmers and make the world a better place. Findings –Artistic acoustic panel recycled material from plastic bottles and waste of sampyan, sawdust, husks, straw. Originality/value – Acoustic Panel Material and Artistic Acoustic Panels with Balinese Architectural Ornaments is an original. Design/methodology/approach – Recycled plastic waste with the right mixture composition is heated and printed with a hot press machine. In this study, the Transmission Loss test was carried out using an Impedance Tube. Research limitations – Measurement of transmission loss on sheet panels has limitations. Measurements should be developed into room research.

Ways of disposal of objective fuel sediments for fuel

Accumulated sludge from sewage treatment plants in large cities is obsolete, due to which they have lost the vast majority of nutrients, become too mineralized and practically unsuitable for direct use as fertilizer.The research is devoted to the development of a unified approach to the efficient processing of sludge as a fuel with the addition of flammable fillers such as milling peat, buckwheat husk, wood waste (sawdust).Identified factors influencing the energy efficiency of the processes of preparation of raw materials, drying and granulation of composite mixtures based on peat, obsolete sludge and biomass, which allowed to obtain quality pellets and briquettes.The problem of processing obsolete sludge is the low content of organic matter, excessive ash content and high humidity, so they are not suitable for incineration in its pure form and for agriculture. To reduce ash content, it is advisable to add biomass and peat to sludge and dry to reduce moisture.The article presents studies of drying kinetics of composite granules based on peat, obsolete sludge and biomass on an experimental convective drying stand. The convective drying stand allows to carry out heat treatment of composite granules at a temperature of drying agent of 30–150°C and speed of movement of 0,5–5 m/s. A comparison of the drying time of the sludge-peat composition and its components is performed, which shows that during the drying of the composite granules the intensification of the drying process is observed.The presented comparison of drying kinetics of two- and three-component granules shows the same nature of the drying curves and the drying time is in the range of 17–18 minutes. The optimal ratio of components for quality granulation is selected. Effective drying regimes of composite granules based on sludge, peat and biomass are determined. Equilibrium humidity of composite granules not exceeding standard fuel humidity is determined.

Implementation of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Cost Life (LCC) on Particle Board Wood Furniture Industry in Yogyakarta

CV. Limase Laras is a wood furniture industry in Yogyakarta that has increased production. The company uses electrical energy which contributes to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and produces solid waste of sawdust in the production process. On the other hand, with the large assets and high sales of the company, it is important to conduct financial analysis thus the company does not make wrong decisions. Based on these problems, the methods used in this study are Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to evaluate environmental impacts and Life Cycle Cost (LCC) to analyze life cycle costs. From the LCA analysis, sawdust waste is the highest impact by producing four environmental impacts, namely, global warming (936 x 10-2 kg CO2-eq), aquatic eutrophication (2.12 x 10-3 kg NO3-eq), photochemical ozone formation that affects humans (9.04 x 10-3 person*ppm*hours), and photochemical ozone formation that affects plants (113 m2 UES). From the LCC analysis, the NPV value is Rp8,278,512,276.00, which means that the bookshelf production process provides benefits for the company. The B/C net value is 37.9, which means that the bookshelf is beneficial. However, the bookshelf production process will be not feasible to continue if the company experiences a 40% decrease in annual revenue.