Waste Recycling Technology Research Articles

The Potential of Wood Construction Waste Circularity

Wood construction waste circularity presents enormous potential to significantly de-crease total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the European Union (EU). Latvia could become a frontrunner due to its historic relationship with forestry, wood construction practises and unused potential of the innovative application of wood. This research examines what the potential of “circular wood” in Latvia is, how ready the Latvian wood house construction sector is to engage in a circular economy and wood waste circularity and whether the legal framework is ready to support wood waste management in the country. This study presents a combined approach for systematic wood construction product circularity assessment that includes a review of existing EU and Latvian frameworks for construction and demolition waste (CDW) management and wood construction, a general analysis of wood waste recycling systems and technologies, a quantitative data analysis of construction waste management in Latvia and qualitative data analysis of the Latvian wood house construction sector, and interviews with a focus group of Latvian wood industry representatives. The Latvian scope has allowed us to clarify the pattern methodology and impact points to be replicated, tested and measured further on a broader scale, in other countries, or throughout the whole EU. The main findings reveal a potential life cycle assessment (LCA) verifying the circularity of wood and limitations of wood construction waste circularity in Latvia in terms of wood house construction industry readiness and a legal framework as well as overall social prejudices for circular construction. Findings indicate an overall awareness and level of willingness to participate and engage in the circular construction models among Latvians; however, proactiveness and support (legal and financial) is expected from the government and municipalities. The recommendations point towards improvements in wood waste data management, the wood construction sector and the overall impact on sustainable development goals.

Effects of Waste Generation on the Load Capacity Factor: A Novel Waste Management Assessment for OECD Countries

ABSTRACTThe increase in global waste generation is an important issue directly addressed in the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)‐12 and OECD countries produce large amounts of waste. In this context, the study examines the influence of waste generated and recycled on the load capacity factor (biocapacity/ecological footprint) in 28 OECD countries from 2000 to 2021 using novel panel data approaches. The study employs augmented mean group and novel half‐panel jackknife estimation approaches within the Load Capacity Curve (LCC) hypothesis and confirms the LCC for OECD nations. In addition, the long‐term prediction results illustrate that waste generation increases environmental destruction, while waste recycled supports the increase in the load capacity factor. The study recommends policymakers in OECD countries to support economic growth and increase investment in waste recycling technologies to achieve SDG‐12.

A Mapping of Textile Waste Recycling Technologies in Europe and Spain

A Mapping of Textile Waste Recycling Technologies in Europe and Spain

UTILIZATION OF BAGASSE WASTE FOR BIO-OIL EXTRACTION FROM SUGARCANE JUICE VENDORS IN BANYUWANGI REGENCY

The disposal of sugarcane bagasse waste, often done through open dumping without further treatment, poses environmental pollution and unpleasant odors. Consequently, the implementation of technology is essential to address this issue, specifically by employing a solid waste recycling technology to produce bio-oil, which holds significant value. Utilizing sugarcane bagasse waste to create bio-oil presents an alternative to minimize aesthetic pollution. This research, sourced from sugarcane bagasse waste obtained from sugarcane beverage vendors in Banyuwangi Regency, explores the conversion of bagasse into bio-oil through the pyrolysis process. Bio-oil is an inorganic compound produced during the pyrolysis process. The aim of this study is to generate bio-oil from underutilized sugarcane bagasse, providing a functional and economically valuable alternative energy source that is both high-quality and environmentally friendly. Additionally, the research aims to determine the concentration and composition of bio-oil resulting from the pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse. The analysis reveals that the high lignocellulosic content in sugarcane bagasse has the potential to be utilized for bio-oil production.

Analysis of Introducing Plastic Waste Enzymatic Recycling for Sustainable Waste Management in Latvia

Economic growth, urbanisation, and consumer consumption habits have contributed to the yearly increase in the municipal solid waste amount. A significant portion of household waste consists of plastic materials and packaging, which currently cannot be fully and endlessly recycled, does not decompose in nature, and degrades into micro- and nanoparticles entering the soil, air, aquatic environments, and organisms. According to an OECD report from 2022, the amount of plastic waste produced globally is expected to triple by 2060, with around half being landfilled and less than one-fifth being recycled. As waste volumes are going to increase, the need to ensure appropriate waste recycling technology is addressed in this study by introducing enzymatic plastic waste recycling in Latvia. Enzymatic recycling has an advantage over mechanical recycling technology because it can depolymerise plastics without degrading the quality of the material. The methodology applied in this study includes data analysis of the waste amount in Latvia, analysis of the existing plastic recycling plant operation, life cycle assessment of existing and proposed methods, and socio-economic impact evaluation. The proposed solution meets the objectives of promoting sustainable plastic waste recycling through the introduction of enzymatic recycling; therefore, it aligns with the European Union’s targets to follow circular economy principles.

Solid waste recycling and organic particulate hybrid nanocomposite technologies for sustainable infrastructure—A comprehensive review

Solid waste has become a major environmental concern globally in recent years due to the tremendous increase in waste generation. However, these wastes (e.g., plastics and agro-residues) can serve as potential raw materials for the production of value-added products such as composites at low cost. The utilization of these waste materials in the composite industry is a good strategy for maintaining the sustainability of resources with economic and environmental benefits. In this report, the environmental impacts and management strategies of solid waste materials are discussed in detail. The study described the benefits of recycling and reusing solid wastes (i.e., plastic and agro-waste). The report also reviewed the emerging fabrication approaches for natural particulate hybrid nanocomposite materials. The results of this survey reveal that the fabrication techniques employed in manufacturing composite materials could significantly influence the performance of the resulting composite products. Furthermore, some key areas have been identified for further investigation. Therefore, this report is a state-of-the-art review and stands out as a guide for academics and industrialists.

The current state and the mechanism of the transformation of the ESG agenda by Russian companies. Part 2.

Purpose: development of a mechanism for the ESG transformation of Russian companies based on a critical assessment of the evolution and modern implementation of the ESG agenda in Russia. In the second part of the article, the author solves the problem of analyzing the compliance of the content of the Russian ESG agenda with global risks and developing a mechanism for the ESG transformation of Russian companies.Methods: methods of theoretical analysis were applied, which made it possible to reveal the conceptual component of the ESG agenda and sustainable development; empirical analysis of the global risk landscape and the implementation of the Russian ESG agenda; a statistical method for determining priority areas for the implementation of the Russian ESG agenda; abstraction and modeling to formalize the ESG transformation mechanism/Results: the conceptualization of the ESG agenda and sustainable development was carried out, the content basis of which harmonizes with corporate social responsibility. The mobility of the landscape of global risks with a steady trend of the prevalence of environmental and social risks is determined. The results of the implementation of the Russian ESG agenda based on the results of 2022 and the tasks for the near future are summarized. Priority directions and barriers to the implementation of the ESG agenda have been established. Proposed mechanism for ESG transformation of Russian companies. Conclusions and Relevance: the functioning of national economies is influenced by global threats: environmental and social risks are leading in the next decade. The results of the implementation of the Russian ESG agenda indicate its adequacy to the nature of global risks. In environmental policy, attention is focused on energy saving and waste recycling technologies, in social policy - on social guarantees and support for the professional and personal development of employees, in corporate policy - on consumer surveys and selection of suppliers. Among the barriers to the implementation of the ESG agenda: financial, associated with fears of non-return of investments and high costs for the ESG agenda; methodical, manifested in the absence of uniform standards and ESG indicators; lack of external incentives and low ESG-competence of management. The low awareness of company management about ESG and how to incorporate it into business processes served as the basis for developing a mechanism for transforming a business model based on ESG principles, including an ESG transformation model, operating principles and required competencies.

STUDY OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF MECHANICAL DEHYDRATION OF FOOD PRODUCTION WASTE THROUGH MATHEMATICAL MODELING

The separation of wet dispersed materials is becoming an urgent task for the industry of Ukraine and other countries, especially in the food and processing industries. Solving this task can effectively solve the problem of efficient management of wastes such as alcohol grounds, beer grounds, beet pulp, coffee and barley sludge. After separation of the liquid phase from the waste (dewatering), the solid phase can serve as a soil conditioner, a useful additive to agricultural feed, be used as a high-calorie fuel, and have other beneficial uses in both the processing and agricultural industries. After separation of the liquid phase from the waste (dehydration), the solid phase can serve as a useful additive to agricultural feed or be used as a high-calorie fuel. The most promising method of separating wet dispersed waste is mechanical dehydration. This method provides high productivity, low energy consumption, which is hundreds of times less than when using thermal methods to achieve the required moisture level of waste. A promising type of equipment for the mechanical separation of wet dispersed waste is presses with a hydraulic drive. They are characterized by compact size, high energy efficiency and reliability, as well as the possibility of precise regulation of waste processing parameters. The article presents a diagram of an improved and highly efficient installation with a hydraulic drive for the separation of wet dispersed materials. A mathematical model is presented that connects the parameters of the separation process, the design characteristics of the installation and the physical and mechanical properties of the material being processed. The found equations can be used to establish relationships between the working parameters of the processes, the design parameters of the equipment for the efficiency of the proposed bioenergy waste recycling technology.

Integrated evaluation of the performance of phosphogypsum recycling technologies in China

The Chinese government is implementing policies, such as the “Guidance on comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste for the 14th Five-Year Plan period”, to stimulate phosphogypsum (PG) reduction and recycling. Thus, the comprehensive evaluation of PG recycling technologies for sustainable development is crucial. This study proposes a novel multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) method that considers the criteria of resources, environment, economy, and society and risk attitudes of decision-makers and integrates game theory (GT) and utility theory for criteria weighting and ranking to assess industrial-scale PG recycling technologies in China. The results demonstrate that GT provides more reasonable criteria weights than individual weighting methods. PG-based lightweight plaster is the top performer in the resource and environmental dimensions owing to its exceptional resource and energy efficiency. PG utilized for dry-mix mortar and organic fertilizer production exhibited the best utility performance of 0.74 and 0.73, respectively. Measures, such as subsidies and product publicity, should be implemented to promote these technologies. However, technologies with poor performance, such as PG used for the co-production of sulfuric acid and fertilizer or cement, may require optimization or substitution for the sustainable recycling of PG. The proposed MCDA method is robust and can serve as a reliable decision-making tool for other waste-recycling technologies. However, caution must be exercised when determining risk attitude using the MCDA method as it may vary with the number of technologies and affect the final rankings.

Green and facile recycling of bauxite residue to biochar-supported iron-based composite material for hydrothermal liquefaction of municipal solid waste

Industrial and municipal wastes remain significant sources of air, soil, and water pollution, thus causing adverse climate and health impacts. EU faces challenges in developing green recycling processes and reducing GHG emissions. Innovation in green catalysis is a key driver toward the fulfilment of these goals. This study demonstrated a single-step “Green Recycling” route by which different wastes e.g., industrial and bioorganic wastes are treated to produce biochar/Fe(0) (BC-Fe(0)) material. Typically, three different biomass namely organic fraction of municipal solid waste (biopulp), wheat straw (WS), and microalgae (MA) were used as green reducing agents for reducing bauxite residue (BR). Among all biomass, the high reduction potential of amino acids present in biopulp facilitated the synthesis of BC-Fe(0). BC-Fe(0) material acted as an effective catalyst for HTL of biopulp as the results showed the highest bio-crude yield (44 wt%) at 300 °C for 30 min with 10 wt% BC-Fe(0) loading (containing 2.5 wt% Fe). Furthermore, BC-Fe(0) also assisted in-situ hydrogenation and deoxygenation of chemical compounds present in the bio-liquid product, therefore bio-crude exhibited a higher H/C ratio (1.73) and lower oxygen contents (9.78 wt%) in comparison to bio-crude obtained without catalyst. However, Raw BR and reduced BR (RED) as catalysts showed no significant effect on the yield and oxygen content of bio-crude, which confirms the high catalytic activity of Fe(0) containing BC-Fe(0). Therefore, this study demonstrates the greener path for the one-step valorization of industrial and organic wastes, as an alternative to existing chemical and high temperature-based waste recycling and catalyst synthesis technologies.

Eco-Design of Polymer Matrix Composite Parts: A Review.

This research presents a series of analyses related to the eco-design of polymer matrix composite parts, addressing various aspects of it. The main objective was to clarify the definition of ecological design, the benefits of its implementation and its importance in all stages of obtaining a product (design, manufacturing, recycling). Global environmental issues are presented, emphasizing the importance of adopting sustainable approaches in product design and manufacturing. Special attention is paid to the analysis of waste recycling technologies for polymer matrix composite materials. The analysis carried out identifies specific ecological design principles applicable to these materials and presents recent trends in the field. Relevant case studies are highlighted, demonstrating the benefits of ecological design in order to obtain sustainable products. Additionally, the conducted research allowed for finding answers to the questions "what", "why", "when" and "how" it is necessary to apply the principles of eco-design in the case of composite materials with a polymer matrix. In general, the research promotes eco-design as an indispensable strategy for sustainable and responsible production, inspiring companies to adopt these principles for the benefit of the environment and their business performance.

Analysis of carbon emission reduction potential of construction industry in Liaoning Province based on system dynamics

The rapid increase in carbon emissions is one of the main causes of environmental degradation, and the construction industry contributes 40% of carbon emissions. This paper uses system dynamics to analyze the carbon emission reduction potential of construction enterprises in Liaoning Province in order to realize the national "dual carbon" goal as soon as possible. First, the factors affecting carbon emissions are summed up by combining the calculation formula of carbon emissions of buildings in the whole life cycle and related literatures. Then use the environmental characteristics of Liaoning Province to establish a carbon emission reduction model, carry out simulation simulation and validity test, and obtain the relationship between the influencing factors and carbon emission reduction. Finally, a scenario analysis is carried out in four aspects: energy technology, building materials production technology, transportation technology and waste recycling technology. A series of conclusions are drawn, such as building materials production technology and energy technology are the key aspects of implementing carbon emission reduction in the construction industry in Liaoning Province. The whole work provides a theoretical basis for Liaoning Province to successfully achieve the "14th Five-Year" goal, and then achieve carbon emission reduction and sustainable development.

Technology adoption path of construction and demolition waste recycling under governmental subsidy: a theoretical model.

To achieve sustainable development, waste recycling is regarded as an ideal method to dispose of construction and demolition (C&D) waste. The economy is seen as the priority factor influencing recycling technology adoption. Hence, the subsidy is generally used to cross the economic barrier. To illustrate the recycling technology adoption path under governmental subsidy, this paper constructs a non-cooperative game model to investigate the impact of governmental subsidy on the C&D waste recycling technology adoption. By taking adoption profit, opportunity cost, and initial adoption marginal cost into consideration, the best time to adopt recycling technology and adoption behavior is discussed in detail in four scenarios. Results show that the governmental subsidy has a positive impact on C&D waste recycling technology adoption, and the subsidy could advance the adoption time of recyclers. If the subsidy proportion can reach 70% of the cost, recyclers will adopt recycling technology at the initial time. The results could contribute to a deeper understanding of C&D waste management by promoting the development of C&D waste recycling projects and also provide references to governments.

RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTIPE MESIN PLUTO (PLASTIC-TO-OIL)

The increase in plastic waste demands acceleration of waste recycling technology. The purpose of this research is to make a prototype machine to process plastic waste into liquid fuel using the pyrolysis method called the Pluto (plastic to oil) engine. This machine can accommodate plastic waste with a maximum weight of about 3 Kg with a condensate tube that can accommodate a maximum volume of about 3 L of liquid fuel. Experimental results reveal that the heating process for 2 hours produces 250 mL of liquid fuel.

Разработка технологической схемы выполнения работ по определению границ загрязнения земельных участков полигонами твердых коммунальных отходов

The article is devoted to the research of approaches for monitoring the condition of land plots both occupied by MSW landfills and the ones negatively influenced by the neighboring landfills. The con-cept of a landfill of solid municipal waste (MSW) is considered. The characteristics of the negative environmental impact of municipal solid waste landfills on the state of land resources are given. Geo-analysis and geomodeling methods have been applied to plan the placement of municipal solid waste landfills, as well as to predict their negative impact. Examples of the placement of municipal solid waste landfills near settlements, as well as examples of the choice of land plots for the construction of landfills are considered. The list of optimality criteria that are used when choosing a land plot for the placement of a landfill is shown. A technological scheme of work has been compiled to determine the level and area of contamination of land plots by landfills of solid municipal waste. The stages of work are closely considered, which include: cadastral and geodetic works, as well as environmental monitoring of the state of land resources. The values of the mean square error of determining (predicting) the coordinates of the boundaries of contaminated land plots are proposed, depending on the category of land, the location of the landfill, as well as the speed of pollution propagation. The characteristics of different rates of pollution propagation, which is formed as a result of leachate ingress beyond the boundary of protective engineering structures, are given. The periodicity with which it is necessary to carry out monitoring measurements of the land pollution level is justified. The methods of coordinating the boundaries of pollution, as well as various measurement tools, are considered. The discussion touched the questions connected with waste recycling technologies and positive impact of refusal of storing SMW both on ecological state of resources and their investment and market appeal. In conclusion, it is stated that the modern concept of sustainable development of territories should be based on environmentally safe land use, the principles of which criticize the creation and operation of landfills of solid municipal waste. Existing municipal solid waste landfills should be operated using land information modeling technology, which should be based on a geoinformation model of the prospective development of the territory. This model includes the dynamics of changes in the number of residents within the boundaries of territorial entities served by a landfill of municipal solid waste.

FEED PRODUCTION BASED ON RECYCLING’S TECHNOLOGIES

It has been established that at crop production, a significant part of the crop becomes waste that negatevely affects the environment, but at the same time its valuable biological substances’ presence is characterized. This potential can provide new types of products using and the environment’s state improving. The promising directions of plant waste recycling in feed production are considered. The resource-saving and environmentally friendly technologies using necessity in feed production is substantiated. The industrial and scientific organizations in this field’s promising developments are presented. Such as plant feed additives’ production by direct bioconversion based on straw as a substrate for solidphase fermentation by microorganisms using in order to digestibility and protein’s content increasing; silage’s intensification with OOO "Scientific-and-production Institute "Biopreparations" preparations’ helping; explosive autohydrolysis as a result the crude fiber content in the processed product decreasing in compared to the initial one, and the number of feed units and exchange energy increasing; a method for hydroponic feed additive growing by glauconite using; bio- and plant waste processing based on AGRO-EX BIO extrusion lines (OOO Scientific-and-production enterprise «A-Engineering») excretion; compound feeds production technology that the straw digestibility and nutritional value in 2-2,5 times increasing due to lignin inhibitor digestibility destruction and it into sugars (OOO «Bioenergy and K») denaturizing. It has been revealed that cheap raw materials, such as waste that as farm animals’ feed components are used can be effective. The presented technologies for plant waste recycling and feed production are promising.

Development and application of mushroom cultivation waste recycling technology on flower cultivation

Development and application of mushroom cultivation waste recycling technology on flower cultivation

Environmental impact and waste recycling technologies for modern wind turbines: An overview.

Wind power is rapidly expanding worldwide, and so is the installation of wind turbines. The concept of wind power as a clean-energy alternative will be questioned if the waste from these turbines is not and adequately controlled. The goal of this review paper is to evaluate the various approaches for end-of-life management of wind turbine blades emphasizing on fibre recovery. Different methods for recovering carbon and glass fibres are described, including thermal treatment and chemical treatments and their economic and environmental comparisons. Life cycle assessment and comparative analysis of different recycling processes are also presented. Natural composites, modified thermoset composites, and thermoplastic composites are also covered as alternative environmentally friendly blade materials.

How Do Industrial Ecology, Energy Efficiency, and Waste Recycling Technology (Circular Economy) Fit into China’s Plan to Protect the Environment? Up to Speed

The challenges of environmental protection are especially prevalent in South and Southeast Asian nations, which adversely affects their sustainable developmental goals. During the last two decades, increased industrialization and urbanization have caused massive air pollution, particularly in the most industrialized and densely populated countries. Due to China’s fast economic expansion and development, the demand for natural resources has increased, resulting in climate change, biodiversity loss, soil degradation, and environmental risks. China’s ecological footprint has been the subject of little investigation on the premises of a circular economy. This study used a literature review methodology on the critical key factors that hinder or facilitate the transition of a linear economy towards a circular economy. Further, based on the literature review, this study used industrial ecology, energy efficiency, and waste recycling technology factors to analyze the role of the circular economy on the country’s environmental sustainability agenda for the period of 1975–2020. The results show that in the short run, the link between ecological footprints and per capita income is monotonically decreasing; however, in the long run, the relationship is U-shaped. In both the short and long run, waste recycling technology and cleaner manufacturing significantly decrease ecological footprints. Renewable energy consumption increases ecological footprints in the short run but decreases them in the long run. The management of natural resources reduces ecological footprints to support the ‘resource blessing’ hypothesis. The Granger causality corroborated the unidirectional relationship between ecological footprints, oil rents, and urbanization and ecological footprints. In addition, economic growth Granger causes industrialization and waste recycling technology while green energy Granger causes economic growth, industrialization, and recycling technology. The two-way link between economic development and urbanization exists within a nation. The variance decomposition analysis (VDA) predicts that in the future, China’s natural resources, green energy demand, and technological spillover will limit its ecological footprint through material and technology efficiency.

Life Cycle Assessment of Microplastics Reveals Their Greater Environmental Hazards than Mismanaged Polymer Waste Losses.

Concern about microplastic pollution sourced from mismanaged plastic waste losses to drainage basins is growing but lacks relevant environmental impact analyses. Here, we reveal and compare the environmental hazards of aquatic macro- and microplastic debris through a holistic life cycle assessment approach. Compared to polymeric debris, microplastics, especially smaller than 10 μm, exhibit higher freshwater ecotoxicity enhanced by watersheds' high average depth and low water temperature. High microplastic concentration within drainage basins can also cause air pollution regarding particulate matter formation and photochemical ozone formation. The environmental drawbacks of plastic mismanagement are then demonstrated by showing that the microplastic formulation and removal in drinking water treatment plants can pose more than 7.44% of the total ecotoxicity effect from plastic wastes' (microplastics') whole life cycle. Specifically, these two life cycle stages can also cause more than 50% of the plastic wastes' life cycle ecotoxicity effect related to organic chemical emissions. Therefore, reducing environmentally harmful plastic losses through advanced plastic waste recycling, collection, and effective microplastic removal technologies needs future investigation.