Waste Piles Research Articles

High-precision 3D Modeling of Construction Waste Pile Bodies by Integrating Multi-source Data

Abstract. The instability of construction waste pile bodies, as an increasingly concerning disaster, poses significant risks to the safety of people's lives and property. Currently, there is limited research on high-precision 3D modeling techniques for construction waste pile bodies, which significantly hinders the accuracy and reliability of early detection and risk assessment of pile body instability. Therefore, constructing high-precision 3D models of construction waste pile bodies using multi-source data plays a crucial role in improving the accuracy and timeliness of early warning systems for pile body instability, offering significant theoretical research and practical application value. Building 3D models of construction waste pile bodies solely based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) oblique photography data faces challenges, such as various degrees of data voids and insufficient model completeness, and few methods currently address the construction of 3D models of construction waste pile bodies through the fusion of multi-source data. This paper attempts to use the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm, combining SLAM laser point cloud data with UAV oblique photography data to fill data voids, and utilizes the fused point cloud to reconstruct the triangulation network, achieving the transformation from 3D point cloud models to 3D surface models. On the basis of texture mapping, a high-precision 3D model of the construction waste pile body is constructed. The research results show that the 3D model of the construction waste pile body, integrated with multi-source data, has a planar error of 0.0187m and an elevation error of 0.0368m, meeting the corresponding model accuracy requirements. It can more realistically restore the fine 3D features of the construction waste pile body, effectively compensating for the shortcomings of single-source data in 3D modeling of construction waste pile bodies, providing a new method for the 3D model reconstruction of construction waste pile bodies, and offering effective data support for construction waste research.

Potential Use of Municipal Solid Waste Pile in Segawe Landfill (Tulungagung Regency, Indonesia) as Raw Material for Refuse Derived Fuel

The Segawe municipal solid waste (SW) landfill in Tulungagung Regency, Indonesia, has currently exceeded its capacity. This study aimed to determine the potential use of dumped SW at the landfill as raw material for the production of refuse derived fuel (RDF). Buried SW samples were collected at a passive zone of the landfill in six locations. The samples were sieved using 10 and 30 mm mesh sieves. A composition analysis was conducted following the ASTM D5231-92 method to sample fractions of greater than 30 mm size. The density was measured according to the weight and volume. The moisture and volatile matter contents were analyzed using the ASTM D2216-10 and D3175-07 methods, respectively. The calorific value was measured using a Parr C3000 bomb calorimeter following the ASTM D5865 method.The buried SW composition was dominated by a fraction size that was greater than 30 mm (79.4%). This fraction was dominantly composed of plastics (71.2%) and had average volatile matter and calorific values which met RDF criteria as a fuel. However, the ash and moisture contents exceeded the standards and, therefore, required appropriate treatments before their applications.

Geochemical and mineralogical characterization and resource potential of the Namib Pb-Zn tailings (Erongo Region, Namibia)

In Southern Africa, historic mining and mineral processing of base metal deposits have almost exclusively focussed on the extraction of major metals, leading to the loss of remaining valuable raw materials into tailings dumps and waste rock piles. At the Namib Pb-Zn mine (Erongo Region, Namibia), historic base metal tailings deposits are present as unreclaimed exposed waste piles. The tailings comprise silt- (fraction A: d50 = 25 to 48 μm) to sand-sized (fraction B: d50 = 86 to 185 μm; fraction C: d5o = 210 to 230 μm) material and contain major concentrations of base metals (Pb av. 1.15 mass%, Zn av. 3.20 mass%), S (av. 9.95 mass%), as well as lower values of other metals (Cu av. 490 μg/g, Cd av. 133 μg/g, Ag av. 22 μg/g), and critical elements like Sb (av. 14.7 μg/g) and In (14.3 μg/g). Former mineral processing only targeted the extraction of galena and sphalerite. As a consequence, qualitative mineralogical composition of the tailings is similar to that of the primary ore. Ca-Fe-Mg(-Mn) carbonates, quartz, micas, chlorite, minor graphite, magnetite, and rare parisite relate to the former host rock and gangue matrix, whereas Fe-rich sphalerite, galena, magnetite, pyrite with minor pyrrhotite, rare arsenopyrite, marcasite, cassiterite, and accessory scheelite are original constituents of the primary ore. Reprocessing of such a material would be challenging, but a mixed Pb-Zn concentrate enriched in Cd and Ag might be obtained. In future, possible reprocessing of Namib tailings and associated disposal of wastes into an appropriately designed repository would not only generate valuable metal commodities, but such activities would also eliminate a major metal pollution source from the local environment.

Pemanfaatan Sampah Plastik sebagai Material Paving Block

As people's consumption levels increase, the plastic waste produced will also increase. It's normal if in the future it becomes a serious environmental problem. We need a technology that is able to replace plastic waste into products that have a long life so that they do not return to waste in a short time. Making paving block products from plastic waste is another way of utilizing plastic waste over a long period of time, in order to increase utilization efficiency and reduce the environmental burden on plastic waste and form innovative products into building materials. The most important problem with plastic is plastic waste which cannot be decomposed naturally. Cleaning up plastic waste takes a very long time, and also the use of plastic can hardly be regulated. Based on the results of surveys, interviews and observations conducted on the community around Kuala Village, the community's awareness of waste processing is very minimal and there are lots of piles of plastic waste which can have a negative impact on health and disrupt the preservation of environmental functions, including residential environments, forests, rice fields, and rivers. To reduce the volume of plastic waste that is not managed properly, efforts are being made to utilize plastic waste to make paving blocks in Kuala Lemang Village. to explore the potential for using plastic waste as an alternative material in making environmentally friendly and sustainable paving blocks. Plastic waste collected from the surrounding environment is processed into mixed materials in making paving blocks. This process involves chopping, mixing with conventional materials such as sand, and testing the strength of the final product. Public acceptance of plastic-based paving blocks has proven positive, especially after trials in the local environment. This research contributes to better plastic waste management and offers new economic opportunities in the construction sector, while supporting sustainable development.

Menstrual waste behaviour of young adolescents: a theory of planned behaviour approach

ABSTRACT There is a significant rise in the pile of non-biodegradable menstrual waste. Still, the majority of the studies focused on the variety and quality of menstrual products, and only a few investigated the sustainable and safe disposal of used menstrual material. The theory of planned behaviour serves as the foundation upon which the paper constructs its theoretical framework to study menstrual waste disposal behaviour among adolescents. It finds that a variety of social contexts and circumstances influence adolescents' intentions to dispose of used menstrual products carelessly, indirectly contributing to environmental degradation. This paper is an attempt to examine the existing gap in the literature and understand the attitudes and intentions that underlie such an activity. This paper also suggests ways for policymakers and implementors to influence the behaviour of adolescents resulting in hygienic and environmentally safe disposal of menstrual waste.

Major recent failures in Brazilian mine waste containment facilities, current cases of maximum emergency level and imminent risk of rupture, and a brief sustainability analysis.

Wasteisthe materials left over after the processing of ores. Significant disasters involving waste disposal structures have occurred in Brazil in recent years and caused severe damage by contaminating soil, rivers and coastal areas, destroying native fauna and flora, interrupting the water supply and compromising its potability, putting the population's health, livelihoods and economy at risk, as well as causing 289 irreparable human deaths. Regulatory laws have become stricter, and since 2019, after the tailings dam tragedies occurred in 2015 and 2019 in Mariana and Brumadinho, in Minas Gerais, the operation of upstream-raised tailings dams has been prohibitedin Brazil. In 2022, a waste slide from a sterile pile at the Pau Branco Mine in Nova Lima promoted a dike overflow. There was the death of five people whose car was buried by a landslide on a hillside. New strategies and technologies, such as reprocessing and recycling, can be tested to ascertain whether they can help improve practices in tailings management. Indeed, mining companies' corporate responsibility and sustainability practices need to be evaluated toverify whether they better match expectations. On the other hand, more specific and detailed regulations and resolutions are required to ensure the safe monitoring and management of sterile waste piles. This paper presents a review of the facts, a discussion of the literature (mainly on recent tailings dam disasters), the current situation of mining-containingwaste structures in Brazil, a brief sustainability analysisand perspectives aimed at preventing/minimising catastrophes in the future.

Maggot Cultivation: Qur'anic Economic Empowerment with Environmental Insight

Environmental problems and unemployment are currently serious discussion. This is proven by the piling up of garbage as well as the high unemployment rate, especially in Banten Province. These two problems able to overcome by utilizing decomposer organism that have been created by Allah SWT, as we know is black soldier fly (BSF) or maggot. Unfortunately, the use of maggot to minimize waste and unemployment has not run optimally. The research method is using descriptive qualitative method. The information obtained through observation. Interviews, literature studies and documenting related to maggot cultivation. This research was conducted to overcome the problems of accumulating waste, it can also create jobs for the community through maggot cultivation. Based on the result of this research, cultivating maggot can open jobs and care on the environment. With the discovery that maggot cultivation can create jobs, it is hoped that one of the SDGs goals; decent work and economic growth that can be fulfilled. Besides that, it can minimize piles of waste, especially organic waste.

Analysis of the Influence of Tambakrigagadung Landfill Leachate Characteristics on Water Quality and Heavy Metal Contamination of Reservoirs, Tikung District, Lamongan Regency

The Final Disposal Site (TPA) of Tambakrigadung Village, Lamongan Regency, implements a semi-sanitary landfill system in which waste processing still piles up piles of waste with soil for a certain period, causing a foul odor due to the leachate that collects. Leachate that is not managed correctly is feared to flow into reservoirs as irrigation and productive land that is used by local communities for rice fields or ponds around the Tambakrigadung TPA so that it can disrupt workers, reduce the quality and yield of rice fields, and affect the development of pond fish around the Tambakrigadung landfill. This research aims to test the quality of reservoir water, which refers to the leachate water quality standards of PermenLHK RI No. P.59 Tahun 2016. It analyzes the influence of leachate on reservoir water around Tambakrigadung. The method used in this research is grab sampling. Analysis of pH, BOD, COD, and TSS parameters using simple linear regression quantitative analysis. Quantitative parameter analysis shows that TPA Tambakrigadung leachate influences the pH and TSS parameters of reservoir water in Tikung District, Lamongan Regency, which is indicated by a significance value of <0.05. The analysis of heavy metal parameters shows that the leachate does not meet quality standards, with a total N of 187.7 ppm and cadmium of 0.15 ppm. The mercury parameter meets quality standards, namely 0.00065 ppm. Meanwhile, heavy metal parameters in reservoir water have met quality standards based on PP No. 22 of 2021.

The Dynamic Concept for Waste Pile Prediction in Bogor City

The Dynamic Concept for Waste Pile Prediction in Bogor City

Processing of lithium-containing ore waste piles, producing high-quality spodumene concentrates

Processing of lithium-containing ore waste piles, producing high-quality spodumene concentrates

“NGOBROL JELANTAH” KOMUNIKASI LINGKUNGAN PENDEKATAN SOSIAL-BUDAYA OLEH BANK JELANTAH SEKAR SEJAGAD 88 SEMARANG

The amount of waste cooking oil in Indonesia is large due to dominance of food processing by frying has given rise to new environmental issues. Non-B3 waste originating from these households can be negative for both health and the environment. This is because used cooking oil cannot be disposed of directly in water or land withour processing, and also cannot be combined with other piles of waste. However, not many people understand the proper way to dispose and process waste cooking oil. Bank Jelantah Sekar Sejagad 88 practices environmental communication to convey the message of how to process waste cooking oil is converted into economic value. This research uses qualitative methods with interviews with managers and members of Bank Jelantah Sekar Sejagad 88. The delivery of environmental communication messages with socio-cultural approach, based on character of the target community, namely women who are married. Based on research, there are two main socio-cultural charactistics of the audience, namely togetherness and socialicing which in togethernees is the means of disseminating daily information. The second character is that trust is built through valid information with the support of the local government. Based on these characteristic, there are strategies for delivering messages namely “Ngobrol Jelantah”, Gethok Tular, dan top-down concept. With this message delivery strategy, it can increase awareness of targets as shown by the increase in the number of members of Bank Jelantah Sekar Sejagad 88. Based on discussion, it appears that including targets through community empowerment is the right step in building mutual understanding in delivering environmental communication message.

Modification of Coal Fly Ash Waste into Manganese-Oxide-Coated-Zeolite (MOCZ) to Adsorb Heavy Metal Ions Ni2+

High consumption of coal as a source of electrical energy in Indonesia has resulted in piles of waste from coal burning, namely fly ash, which can damage the environment and harm health. Fly ash contains main oxides, namely silica (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3), whose components are similar to zeolite, so they can be synthesized into zeolite-like material (ZLM) which can be used as an adsorbent for heavy metal Ni2+. Therefore, this research discussed the characterization of manganese-oxide-coated-zeolite (MOCZ) from fly ash waste as a heavy metal adsorbent. The research procedure consisted of preparation, purification, and activation stage of fly ash to obtain fly ash that is free from impurities, the stage of making sodium silicate and sodium aluminate, and zeolite synthesis. The resulting zeolite was then coated with manganese oxide to expand the surface area of the zeolite and increase the ability of zeolite to adsorb heavy metal Ni2+. The research results showed that fly ash waste that was coated with manganese oxide can adsorb heavy metal Ni2+. The adsorption of the Ni2+ metal ion solution by zeolite with MOCZ modification is in line with the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm.

Numerical model to assess the effect of hydrogeological characteristics of mine waste piles on capping efficiency in unsaturated conditions

Numerical model to assess the effect of hydrogeological characteristics of mine waste piles on capping efficiency in unsaturated conditions

Development of Automatic Object Detection and IoT for Garbage Pickup Assignment Problem

Waste management remains a challenge in certain cities, particularly in allocating fleets responsible for collecting garbage from temporary disposal sites. Inadequate planning can lead to the accumulation of substantial waste piles. This study aims to enhance truck assignment by considering truck capacity and the collection route. The assignment process incorporates the fundamental concept of the transportation problem, precisely the northwest corner method. The volume of waste transported aligns with the resident or industrial population within the designated service area. The waste generation capacity determines the future fleet and quantity, forming a crucial element of the ensuing distribution channel. A monitoring system integrating object detection and the Internet of Things (IoT) has been devised to ensure effective garbage collection. Cameras strategically positioned at temporary disposal sites transmit real-time images. The system evaluates garbage collection capacity through object detection facilitated by neural network training. The research outcomes demonstrate the system's capability to identify waste pile levels and validate the garbage pickup process by the designated fleet. Future research should focus on assignment and scheduling in waste transportation, enabling fleet allocation within specific timeframes. Additionally, an object detection algorithm refinement is necessary for more precise identification of waste pile locations.

Sosialisasi Pengelolaan Sampah Plastik di Kawasan Wisata Pantai Tanjug Kasuari Kota Sorong

Tanjung Kasuari Beach is one of the famous beach attractions in Sorong City, Papua Barat Daya, and has an unspoiled natural atmosphere. Plastic waste management in the Tanjung Kasuari beach area aims to increase public awareness regarding the negative impact of plastic waste on the environment and the importance of keeping beaches clean. Plastic waste management is a priority program based on the condition of the most abundant and frequently encountered piles of plastic waste. Therefore, local people and tourists will better understand the negative impact of plastic waste on the environment. It can also encourage reducing the amount of plastic waste thrown away carelessly, thereby reducing pollution in coastal areas. In this way, the beach will become more beautiful for tourists, positively impacting the local tourism sector.

Karaktersasi Bakteri Pengurai Plastik Sintetis Polipropilen dari Sampel Air Laut Studi Kasus dan Potensi Lingkungan

The increase in the number of waste piles in Indonesia has reached 175,000 tons/day or the equivalent of 64 million tons/year. In the health sector, synthetic plastics are used as materials for making packaged medicine bottles and infusion bottles. Polypropylene synthetic plastics are very slow to degrade, making them a major problem in environmental pollution. This study aims to determine the type of bacteria and the ability of bacterial isolates to degrade polypropylene plastics. The research methods used include characterization of bacterial isolates macroscopicly, microscopicly, biochemical tests, then polypropylene synthetic plastic biodegradation tests were carried out during the incubation period of 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 4 weeks using an incubator shaker device. The results of this study obtained 4 bacterial isolates that can decompose polypropylene plastic from seawater samples in Padang City. The results of the isolation of polypropylene plastic bacteria from seawater samples in Padang City ILT-14 bacterial isolate based on macroscopic characteristics. and molecular identification was carried out in the LIPI biotechnology testing laboratory by the 16S rRNA gene deritimization method obtained polypropylene plastic scavenging bacterial species, namely: ILT-14 has similarities with Stenotropomonas Maltophilia. With a 30-day polypropylene plastic decomposer percentage of 10.8%. The difference in FTIR analysis was in the percentage value of carbon group transmission, and the aromatic group decreased. When compared to plastic before it was degraded and there was a decrease in percent. Microscopy Electron Scanning (SEM) Analysis of ILR-14 polypropylene plastic isolate of bacteria isolated is able to break down complex polymers into monomer forms

Preparation and microstructure analysis of alkali-activated ground granulated blast furnace slag-steel slag grouting materials

To solve the problems of large storage requirements for iron and steel solid waste piles, environmental pollution, and low utilization, an alkali-activated ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS)-steel slag (SS) grouting material (AAGM) was prepared, quicklime was used as an additive, and the activity of SS and GGBFS was activated by NaOH and water glass. Through a full factor analysis test, the effects of alkali content (AC), GGBFS/SS, and quicklime content (QC) on the fluidity, initial setting time (IST), and final setting time (FST) of AAGM were investigated. The strength formation mechanism of AAGM was analyzed using mechanical property testing, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These studies showed that the fluidity of the slurry decreased with increasing QC, AC, and GGBFS/SS, and the IST and FST of the slurry continuously shorten with increasing QC, increasing AC, and decreasing GGBFS/SS. The 28-day unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of AAGM decreased with decreasing QC and increasing AC, and first increased and then decreased with increasing GGBFS/SS. As the age increased, the hydration reaction inside the specimen was sufficient and the compactness was stronger, reducing the porosity inside the specimen; the hydration products inside AAGM were mainly plate-like crystals (anhydrite, calcite), a small amount of columnar crystals (ettringite), and a large amount of gel-like substances (C-S-H/C-A-S-H) attached to its surface. When the GGBFS/SS ratio was 1:1.3, the QC was 3 %, the AC was 13 %, the water glass modulus was 1.6, and the water/cement ratio was 0.6; additionally, the fluidity, IST, FST, and 28-day UCS of AAGM were 137 mm, 255 min, 280 min, and 27.07 MPa, respectively, which can meet various performance indicators required for engineering grouting.

Rare earth element enrichment in coal and coal-adjacent strata of the Uinta Region, Utah and Colorado

This study aims to quantify rare earth element enrichment within coal and coal-adjacent strata in the Uinta Region of central Utah and western Colorado. Rare earth elements are a subset of critical minerals as defined by the U.S. Geological Survey. These elements are used for a wide variety of applications, including renewable energy technology in the transition toward carbon-neutral energy. While rare earth element enrichment has been associated with Appalachian coals, there has been a more limited evaluation of western U.S. coals. Here, samples from six active mines, four idle/historical mines, four mine waste piles, and seven stratigraphically complete cores within the Uinta Region were geochemically evaluated using portable X-ray fluorescence (n = 3,113) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (n = 145) elemental analytical methods. Results suggest that 24%–45% of stratigraphically coal-adjacent carbonaceous shale and siltstone units show rare earth element enrichment (>200 ppm), as do 100% of sampled igneous material. A small subset (5%–8%) of coal samples display rare earth element enrichment, specifically in cases containing volcanic ash. This study proposes two multi-step depositional and diagenetic models to explain the enrichment process, requiring the emplacement and mobilization of rare earth element source material due to hydrothermal and other external influences. Historical geochemical evaluations of Uinta Region coal and coal-adjacent data are sparse, emphasizing the statistical significance of this research. These results support the utilization of active mines and coal processing waste piles for the future of domestic rare earth element extraction, offering economic and environmental solutions to pressing global demands.

Hydropedological Characterization of a Coal Mining Waste Deposition Area Affected by Self-Burning

Coal mining often produces severe environmental effects, including impacts on the soil system and, specifically, on hydropedological conditions that control the leaching of significant ions and Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs). The research objective is to assess changes in the hydropedological conditions in an area with a coal mining waste pile that underwent self-burning. An integrative approach was implemented, starting with the definition of hydropedological zoning based on field observations of soil formation factors (namely, parent material, relief, biological activity, anthropic influence, and time). The soil profile in each hydropedological zone was characterized regarding morphological features. The upper mineral horizons were sampled and characterized in terms of mineralogy and PTE geochemistry. Field measurements of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, soil water content, and hydrophobicity were performed. Afterwards, the hydrogeochemistry of leachates was determined, and the soil leaching potential was evaluated. The research outcomes express substantial differences regarding the hydropedological zones: development of different soil profiles, diverse mineralogy and PTE geochemistry, higher unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and leaching of major ions, and PTEs in soils affected by coal mining activities. Finally, a Principal Component Analysis confirmed the existence of significant contrasts according to hydropedological zoning.

Geochemistry and the optics of geospatial analysis as a preposition of water quality on a macroscale.

The water treatment depends exclusively on the identification of residues containing toxic chemical elements accumulated in NPs (nanoparticles), and ultrafine particles sourced from waste piles located at old, abandoned sulfuric acid factories containing phosphogypsum requires global attention. The general objective of this study is to quantify and analyze the hazardous chemical elements present in the leachate of waste from deactivated sulfuric acid factories, coupled in NPs and ultrafine particles, in the port region of the city of Imbituba, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Samples were collected in 2020, 2021, and 2022. Corresponding images from the Sentinel-3B OLCI satellite, taken in the same general vicinity, detected the levels of absorption coefficient of Detritus and Gelbstoff (ADG443_NN) in 443m-1, chlorophyll-a (CHL_NN (m-3)), and total suspended matter (TSM_NN (g m-3) at 72 points on the marine coast of the port region. The results of inductively coupled plasma atomic-emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) demonstrate that the leaching occurring in waste piles at the port area of Imbituba was the likely source of hazardous chemical elements (e.g., Mg, Sr, Nd, and Pr) in the environment. These leachates were formed due to the presence of coal pyrite and Fe-acid sulfates in said waste piles. The mobility of hazardous chemical elements potentiates changes in the marine ecosystem, in relation to ADG443_NN (m-1), CHL_NN (m-3), and TSM NN (g m-3), with values greater than 20gm-3 found in 2021 and 2022. This indicated changes in the natural conditions of the marine ecosystem up to 30km from the coast in the Atlantic Ocean, justifying public initiatives for water treatment on a global scale.