Waste Of Plant Origin Research Articles

Green technologies for extracting plant waste functional ingredients and new food formulation: A review.

Nowadays, there is a growing interest in food waste recovery by both consumers and companies. Food waste of plant origin is a source of bioactive compounds, such as phenolic acids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, phytosterols, carotenoids, and tocopherols, with well-known antioxidant, anti-glycemic, and antimicrobial properties. The use of green and sustainable technologies to recover bioactive compounds from food waste is a possible solution to valorize waste following the principles of green chemistry. Furthermore, today's consumers are more attracted, informed, and aware of the benefits associated with the consumption of functional foods, and with this in mind, the use of extracts rich in beneficial compounds obtained by green technologies from food waste can be a valid alternative to prepare functional foods. In this review, the recovery of polyphenols and fibers with green technologies from food waste for the formulation of functional foods was presented.

MODIFICATION OF BUCKWHEAT HUSK POWDER AND CREATION OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL ON ITS BASIS

Abstract Waste of plant origin is becoming increasingly relevant for use as fillers in polymer matrices to create new composite materials. In this study, a composite material based on biodegradable thermoplastic polylactide (PLA) and buckwheat husks (BHS) was prepared. L-PLA IngeoTM Biopolymer 4043D in pellet form (Nature Works LLC, USA) was chosen as the base for the polymer matrix. BHS in the form of fine powder (harvested in 2023) was used as a plant filler. In order to purify the raw material from dust and pathogenic bacteria, as well as to increase the adhesion ability of the material, BHS was treated with 4% alkaline solution (NaOH). Modification of the filler was carried out using organosilicon resin K-9 (manufacturer Khimprodukt LLC, Lyubertsy, Russia). The filler was added to the material in the ratio of 22 %, 32%, 42% by weight of the product. A technology for modification of BHS powder is proposed, which makes it possible to significantly increase the wetting angle from 59.47±1.59° to 95.6±1.35°. The strength properties and water absorption resistance of the developed composites with different weight ratios of PLA/ BHS are investigated. The modification of the filler changes the structure and properties of BHS, as well as contributes to the improvement of strength properties. At the ratio PLA 68 wt.% / modified BHS 32 wt.% the composite material has the following characteristics: density - 1342 kg/m3, bending strength – 21.31 MPa, maximum deformation value – 0.22 mm, Vickers hardness at a load of 200 g – 20.21, water absorption – 1.9%. Research on the utilization of plant components will make it possible to integrate into industry innovative products based on renewable and biodegradable resources that will meet all societal needs and contribute to the preservation of the environment and exhaustible resources.

Characteristics of granulated activated carbon from a mixture of plant raw material waste

Relevance. The need to increase the use of renewable energy sources in the economy to reduce the harmful effects on the environment. Aim. To assess the possibility of obtaining by the thermochemical method high-quality carbon adsorbents from a granular mixture of various wastes of plant origin. Objects. Samples of illiquid lumpy birch wood, walnut shells, sunflower seed husks, flax fires, anthracite coal. Methods. Physical experiments: conductive pyrolysis, water-steam activation and differential thermal analysis. The ash content and moisture content of the samples were determined according to SS R 56881-2016 and SS 33503-2015. Nitrogen adsorption isotherms were measured using a NOVA-1200e analyzer. The equilibrium activity for toluene was determined according to SS 8703-74, the adsorption activity for iodine was determined according to SS 6217-74. The determination of the density of the granules was carried out according to SS 15139-69. Results. The authors have established rational parameters for obtaining carbon adsorbents from granules of vegetable raw materials. The specific yield of pyrolysis products of a mixture of vegetable raw materials with pyrolysis resin was determined. The specific yield of carbonization products of the granular compacted mass showed an increase of 25% in comparison with the non-compacted mixture of vegetable raw materials. Rational parameters for obtaining activated carbon with the highest adsorption capacity are granules with a density of 1200 kg/m3 with a degree of burnout of the carbonization product of 70%. It was established that the obtained samples of adsorbents from granules of plant raw materials have high adsorption characteristics comparable to activated carbons obtained from fossil raw materials.

OBTAINING SORBENTS FOR COLLECTING OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS ON THE WATER SURFACE

The main patterns of purification of oily waters using sorption materials based on vegetable and man–made raw materials (sunflower husk, rice husk, polystyrene foam and rice husk) have been established, determining the possibility of effective use of their carbonates in the processes of water purification from petroleum products. It has been established that materials based on carbonates of sunflower husks and rice husks are characterized by the process of absorption of oil and petroleum products by the entire volume. As a result of the conducted research, an optimal carbon-polystyrene sorbent was obtained (21 % rice husk, 79 % expanded polystyrene), which has a high oil capacity in terms of the amount of oil collected at 0 о C. A technological system for local wastewater treatment of petrochemical industries using sorption materials obtained during thermochemical disposal of waste of plant origin has been developed.

Biopreservation and Bioactivation Juice from Waste Broccoli with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum.

The content of polyphenols, lactic acid, and antioxidant properties in fermented juice increases more at 30 °C than at 35 °C during the lactic fermentation process in butanol extract and broccoli juice. The concentration of polyphenols is expressed by phenolic acid equivalents as gallic acid-Total Phenolic Content (TPC), ferulic acid (CFA), p-cumaric acid (CPA), sinapic acid (CSA), and caffeic acid (CCA). The polyphenols present in fermented juice exhibit antioxidant properties and the ability to reduce free radicals using total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assay, while also the percentage of the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) cation radical scavenging activity. Lactic acid concentration (LAC), total flavonoid content as quercetin equivalents (QC), and acidity increases during the work of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (previously Lactobacillus plantarum) in broccoli juice. The pH was monitored during the process of fermentation in both temperatures (30 °C and 35 °C). Densitometric measurements of lactic bacteria (LAB) showed increasing concentration at 30 °C and 35 °C after 100 h (~4 h), but the value concentration dropped after 196 h. The Gram staining showed only Gram-positive bacilli Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum for the fermented juice showed the characteristic carbon-nitrogen vibrations that may originate from glucosinolates or isothiocyanates. Among the fermentation gases, more CO2 was released from fermenters at 35 °C than at 30 °C. The biopreservation used Lactiplantibacillus plantarum to prevent the problem of food waste of plant origin. The probiotic bacteria used in fermentation have a very beneficial effect on health and the human body.

SOLUTIONS MODELS FOR COFFEE WASTE PRODUCTS: EVIDENCE FROM EUROPE AND ASIA

In the light of current pandemic-related events, the exacerbation of the armed conflict on Ukrainian territory, and the increase in the price of fossil fuels, there has been a serious threat to the maintenance of resilient food chains, which can be countered by rationalizing the usage of raw materials and production sources, and increasing the use of post-production wastes of plant origin as a substitute for non-renewable energy. The aim of this research is to present the use of e-commerce instruments in sell-buy transactions of chosen coffee waste products. The theoretical part of the study consists of comparative and synthetic analyses. The revised public source of information coming from well- -known organizations are used. The practical part of the study consists of in-depth expert structured interviews (N = 8). The results of the study are multi-faceted. The practical business examples shown in the article demonstrates the possibility of introducing a bio-circular economy on a large scale in Europe and Asia. The results can be used by state institutions for the implementation of a bio-circular economy policy in various types of production activities, e.g. biomass, bioenergy, feed, supplements, drugs to fight obesity and diabetes, cosmetics.

Los áridos ligeros para los hormigones a base de residuos vegetales

Introduction: The increase in the volume of housing construction per capita per year to the level of the eco-nomically developed countries, the tasks of further progressive economic and social develop-ment of the country can be achieved with a corresponding increase in the production of con-struction materials. Materials and Methods: The solution of this task is largely connected with the development of resource- and energy-saving technologies for the production of efficient light construction materials based on wastes from various industries, in particular on wastes of plant origin, which contributes to the expansion of the production range of light, smooth granulated aggregates and light insulating concrete based on them with modifying additives that increase and improve the physical and technical characteristics of these materials. Results and Discussion: There are known technologies for producing light aggregates, mainly by firing. As energy re-sources became more expensive, there was an urgent need to develop easy-to-fill technology in a cost-effective manner. Conclusions: This paper considers a method for producing a light aggregate based on wood processing waste by granulation in a dish granule torus, which is a plate with an inclination angle of 45 0 and the number of mob companies 17-19 rev/min.

Influence of Some Preparation Parameters on The Efficiency of Activated Carbons Prepared from Teak Wood Shavings (Tectona Grandis) and Coconut Shells (Cocos Nucifera) for The Treatment of Industrial Wastewater

In this work, we valorized two wastes of plant origin in activated carbon (AC) by chemical activation, with a view to their use for the elimination of industrial dyes and artisanal dyeing simulated by methylene blue and iodine in the water. These are coconut shells (Coco nucifera) and teak wood chips (Tectona grandis). For the preparation of activated carbon based on coconut residues, the chemical activation was carried out by citric acid extracts of lemon juice (Citrus aurantiifolia) and then compared to that carried out with phosphoric acid and hydroxide of potassium. For the preparation of activated carbon from the teak residue, the activating agent used is potassium hydroxide. The results obtained show that activated carbon based on the coconut are microporous and mesoporous with an iodine number between 338.9 and 487.9 mg/g, a methylene blue number between 369.2 and 447.2 mg/g and a more pronounced post-treatment residual acidity for phosphoric acid than with lemon juice. The test conditions (the impregnation ratio, the duration, and the carbonization temperature) made it possible to prepare six activated carbons from the teak residue. The carbonization time does not have a significant effect on the adsorption efficiency although it does have a considerable effect on the carbonization efficiency. The adsorption kinetics of methylene blue on these materials is second order and the adsorption isotherm is more of the Langmuir type than that of the Freundlich model; this isotherm is characteristic of a wide distribution of microporosity and a well-developed mesoporosity. These activated carbons can therefore be used in the treatment of wastewater, in particular for the removal of industrial dyes and artisanal dyeing.

Introduction of mechanized vermicomposting for utilization of vegetable waste of horticultural farms

The article deals with the expediency of using vermicomposting technologies in horticulture. Recommendations for the introduction of vermiculture technology in horticulture have been developed. Before the introduction of vermiculture technology, it is necessary to prepare the substrate. It is recommended to use the following composition of the substrate: plant tops; sawdust; tree leaves; peat, lime (up to 2 % by weight of the substrate). The substrate must undergo fermentation for at least 3 months, 3–5 months in winter. Storage of the substrate can last 8–10 months at a humidity of 70–80 %. The readiness of the substrate for consumption is determined by the ratio of carbon to nitrogen, which should be about 20. Acidity 6–8 pN. Selection of raw compost is carried out 2 times a year. Then it is used as fertilizer or sent for processing. If you process the shredded branches, the full selection can be done in 1.5 years. The dependence for determining the required biomass of earthworms on the productivity of vermigulture to process the established mass of substrate for the year of vermiculture has been established. It is determined that to create a vermigree with a capacity of 100 tons of substrate/year requires 10 kg of earthworm biomass, 500 tons of substrate/year – 45 kg, 1000 tons of substrate/year – 91 kg, 1500 tons of substrate/year – 137 kg, 2000 tons substrate/year – 182 kg. The given methodical bases of mechanized vermig farms give the chance to carry out the calculations necessary for processing of waste of vegetable origin in garden and park farms and reception of biohumus and biomass of earthworms. The introduction of such technology will allow the safe disposal of waste of plant origin of horticulture: tree leaves, waste from flower production, etc. to obtain a highly effective fertilizer – compost. Key words: vermicomposting, earthworms, compost, equipment, organic waste.

Management of Green Waste Streams from Different Origins: Assessment of Different Composting Scenarios

The organic wastes of plant origin and, in particular, those coming from sources related to tourism activities, such as those generated from golf courses and touristic coasts, constitute an increasing concern due to the rise in their production and their unsuitable management. Thus, this work aimed to assess the use of different composting strategies to manage these specific green wastes, such as grass clippings and pruning waste from a golf course and marine plant debris, mainly from posidonia (Posidonia oceanica L.). To this end, two composting scenarios were established: the first only considered green wastes in the composition of the composting mixtures, and the second used sewage sludge as a co-composting agent. The temperature of the piles was monitored, and physicochemical and chemical parameters were also studied throughout the process. The results obtained showed that composting is a feasible method to manage and recycle this type of green waste, obtaining end products with suitable physicochemical and chemical characteristics. However, proportions of sea plant wastes in the composting mixture higher than 30% can compromise the fertilizing value of the final compost. Moreover, the use of an additional co-composting agent (sewage sludge) improved the characteristics of the end products obtained, provided that this co-composting agent had suitable initial characteristics.

A novel high-rate vermicomposting machine for downstream processing of biorefinery waste and other forms of organic solid waste

A novel machine, with the acronym HEVSTOW (high-efficiency vertically stacked vermicomposting system for treating organic waste), of which a patent has recently been granted, is described. It is capable of rapid, inexpensive, and emission-free processing of biorefinery waste and other forms of organic solid waste. The machine is based on the paradigm of high-rate vermicomposting earlier developed by the authors. It makes it possible to rapidly process biorefinery waste of plant origin, as also paper, which the conventional vermireactors are not able to handle without elaborate pre-treatment and/or augmentation of animal manure. The machine also makes it possible to simultaneously vermicompost different forms of biowaste as also use different species of earthworms in such a manner that each batch operates independently without one batch interfering with the other. The applicability of the machine has been demonstrated by its application in simultaneous yet independent processing of a biorefinery waste, and paper waste, each with two epigeic species of earthworms Eisenia andrei and Lumbricus rubellus.

ANALYSIS OF THE POWER BALANCE OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEM FOR GRINDING AGRICULTURAL PLANT WASTE

Despite some decisions approved by the Government of Ukraine to address the problems of efficient and environmentally sound solid waste management, in particular those that accumulate as a result of economic activity of the agro-industrial complex of the state, their practical implementation of measures declared by the Government is currently low. levels. Among a number of deterrents, the main ones include: lack of centralized recycling facilities and economically accessible for small facilities technical and technological base of waste processing, ineffective environmental control and the necessary management practices. However, vegetable waste is not always used, although it is a valuable raw material that can be used as a raw material for the production of fuel pellets, which will significantly reduce the energy dependence of the enterprise. An integral part of the technological cycle of processing plant residues into fuel briquettes is the preparation of biomass for briquetting in order to ensure the required particle size. Given the strategic importance of the formation of material and technical base to ensure highly efficient processing of agricultural waste of plant origin, as well as high energy consumption, which marks the traditional preparation of biomass for briquetting, there is a need for research to solve the problem of energy efficient grinding of structurally heterogeneous materials. high moisture content, which determines the relevance of the article. Thus, in order to achieve high efficiency of the process of grinding waste of plant origin, promising ways to reduce the energy consumption of this process based on the energy balance of the vibratory crusher rotor type and analysis of relationships between elements of the structural block diagram of the energy balance of the technological system "Vibration-rotor crusher - the processed environment ".

ACTIVE CARBONS, OBTAINED BY THERMOCHEMICAL ACTIVATION OF RAPE STRAW

The presence of a huge amount of waste of plant origin, including annually renewable, is a high innovative resource for obtaining a variety of useful products of large and small-tonnage chemistry. Processing straw of agricultural crops into activated carbons (AC), which are successfully used in various industries and agriculture, is one of the possible directions of using agricultural waste (AIC) to obtain new functional materials with specific properties. The paper presents studies on the physicochemical properties and structural characteristics of activated carbons based on rape straw and discusses the prospects of their application for solving the most important problems of the agricultural sector. The effect of thermochemical activation temperature (650–750 °С) on the characteristics of the porous structure of adsorbents was studied. The characteristics are calculated on the basis of isotherms of low-temperature (77 K) nitrogen adsorption-desorption. Temperature dependences of the specific surface area, total pore volume, and micropore volume were obtained. It was found that KOH promotes surface development and the formation of a porous system in the entire temperature range.

Two-Stage Thermal Conversion of Straw and Sugarcane Bagasse with the Production of Synthesis Gas

The production of synthesis gas by the two-stage thermal conversion of agricultural waste of plant origin (straw and sugarcane bagasse) was studied. It was established that this method allows one to obtain 1.21–1.24 m3 of synthesis gas from 1 kg of feedstock. The heat of combustion of the resulting gas was 10.6–11.0 MJ/m3, and the yield of biochar was 26.46–29.90% on a feedstock weight basis.

On the applicability of the treatment of municipal solid waste to the waste of plant origin

On the applicability of the treatment of municipal solid waste to the waste of plant origin

УТИЛИЗАЦИЯ ОКСО-НЕУСТОЙЧИВЫХ ОТХОДОВ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ ПРИ ПОЛУЧЕНИИ ОЛЕОХИМИКАТОВ

УТИЛИЗАЦИЯ ОКСО-НЕУСТОЙЧИВЫХ ОТХОДОВ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ ПРИ ПОЛУЧЕНИИ ОЛЕОХИМИКАТОВ

The use of vegetable materials in the processes of processing iron-metallurgical waste

Experimental studies carried out on an experimental sinter plant indicate the involvement of experimental concentrates for the obtained conditioned sinter, which is suitable for use in blast furnace smelting. At study temperatures, the reactivity of pyrolyzed carbonaceous wastes of plant origin is comparable to charcoal at a much lower cost of materials. Thus, the cost of granular carbonaceous material of plant origin in the Dnipropetrovsk region is about 500 g / t, the cost of lignin hydrolysis from dumps - from 50 g / t. The use of briquetted charges, consisting of the investigated concentrate and solid reducing agent, accelerates the process of interaction of carbon with iron oxides by an average of 5 -10% with recovery rates up to 90%. At higher recovery rates, the recovery rates are equalized. An increase in the process temperature leads to the same effect. The obtained experimental material with a high degree of reduction can be effectively used in the form of briquetted metallized intermediate as a substitute for scrap (up to 30%) in steelmaking units for cooling the smelting. Key words: pyrolysis, vegetable waste, iron - containing waste, recovery, agglomeration, scrap substitute.

Wastewater Treatment Using Plant Waste as Adsorbents

Adsorbents obtained from waste of plant origin are capable of replacing the traditional sorbents for removing of heavy metal ions from wastewater. The raw materials for the production of these sorbents are the chemically modified sunflower husks, as well as husk waste after industrial extraction of melanin. Experimentally determined the adsorption capacities and removal efficiency for copper and iron ions. Depending on the concentration, adsorption capacities varied from 5 to 25 mg of metal per gram of adsorbent. The use of the proposed adsorbents can also solve the problem of utilization of sorption material waste. The plant basis, and the neutral pH (in the order of 6-7) allows for the spent sorbents to be introduced into the soil as a component of the system of trace elements containing copper and iron.

Producción de orellanas (Pleurotus ostreatus) como alternativa para el tratamiento de residuos sólidos de origen vegetal en Bogotá D.C.

Al día de hoy, en Bogotá D.C. se generan grandes cantidades de residuos sólidos de origen vegetal, ya sea por perdidas en los centros de poscosecha o por despojos generados en establecimientos comerciales tales como restaurantes, centros comerciales, supermercados entre otros; muchos de estos contienen altos niveles de lignina, especialmente las maderas en forma de aserrines y virutas, también los bagazos y cáscaras procedentes de frutas y hortalizas, al igual que los residuos procedentes de la preparación de tazas de café. Estos materiales son óptimos en la preparación de sustratos para la producción del hongo Pleurotus ostreatus, ya que este presenta gran capacidad lignocelulósica; por otra parte, el organismo presenta buenas propiedades nutricionales y medicinales para el consumo humano, siendo un medio muy eficaz para el aprovechamiento de subproductos de origen vegetal.

Polysaccharide-Degrading Activity in Marine and Terrestrial Strains of Mycelial Fungi

The activity of extracellular polysaccharide-degrading enzymes and glycosidases from mycelial fungi towards various carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives from plant and algal cell walls has been screened. Twenty-three strains of mycelial fungi isolated from the marine sediment and dung were grown by submerged cultivation on a plant-based substrate (a by-product of the grain processing industry) for previous screening for their biomass and protein productivity. Molecular identification allowed for the assignment of marine fungal strains to the following species: Sirastachys phyllophila, Ochroconis mirabilis, Pseudallescheria boydii, Pseudallescheria ellipsoidea, Beauveria felina, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, Cladosporium sp., and Trichoderma sp. The terrestrial strains belonged to the species Thermomyces thermophilus, Thermomyces dupontii, Thermomyces lanuginosus, Fusarium avenaceum, Mycothermus thermophilum, and Thermothelomyces thermophila. Seven strains of thermophilic terrestrial fungal species T. thermophila, T. thermophilus, T. dupontii and M. thermophilus and two marine fungal strains of S. brevicaulis and Beauveria felina exhibited the highest protein yields and a wide range of polysaccharide-degrading activity when the cultures were cultivated at 22–25°C. The cellulolytic thermophilic strain M. thermophilus 55 isolated from dung demonstrated unusual specificity, most intensive increase of mycelial biomass, and high activity towards algal polysaccharides after seven days of cultivation. The specific activity of laminarinase was one order of magnitude higher than in the marine strains and amounted to 1180 U/mg, and the alginate lyase, carrageenase, polymannuronate lyase, agarase, and fucoidanase activity levels (from 208 to 500 U/mg) were also higher than in all marine strains. All active polysaccharide-degrading strains of thermophilic terrestrial and marine fungi identified in the present study are of considerable interest, as the potential of these fungi for polysaccharide degradation can be applied in the transformation of various agricultural and maricultural waste of plant origin and in the modification of carbohydrate-containing substances in structural research and biotechnology.