Waste Mussel Shell Research Articles

A study of the self-heating efficiency of waste mussel shell from Laem Fa Pha subdistrict municipality area, Phra Samut Chedi, Samut Prakan by comparing with waste cockle, oyster, and horse mussel shells

In Laem Fa Pha Subdistrict Municipality Area, Phra Samut Chedi, Samut Prakan, Thailand; due to the high domestic consumption and exports of shell products, large amounts of mussel, cockle, oyster, and horse mussel shells wastes are produced at the different stages of production. The high content of CaCO3 in shell waste can be converted as a raw material for value-added products such as self-heating powders, CaO. This research has the objective of transformation of CaCO3 in wasted shells of four bivalve species—i.e., mussel, cockle, oyster, and horse mussel—to CaO by calcination at 800, 900, 950 and 1,000 °C. While three species: mussel, cockle and oyster shells were completely converted at 900 °C, horse mussel shell was highly calcined at 1,000 °C. The calcined powder obtained from each species was investigated for its self-heating efficiency by measuring heat of the solution in water. The enthalpy of solution for horse mussel, oyster, cockle, and mussel calcined powder was found to be −690, −681, −604, and −598 cal/mol, respectively. This result denotes the horse mussel shells having the highest self-heating efficiency relative to oyster, cockle, and mussel shells. Even though mussel shells have a lower relative efficiency, they are still a viable economical option in the production of a self-heating product due to their excessive availability in the area.

Utilization of Bio-waste Mussel Shell as a Decoration Material on LiCoO2 Cathode

In this study, thermochemical conversion of mussel shells as biological waste utilizations has been made as a protection layer for cathode active materials. LiCoO2 material synthesized via sol-gel method and coated with CaO produced using mussel shells. An appropriate coating ratio enhances the cycling performance with a better specific capacity (170 mAh g-1 at 1C). Surface modification plays a crucial role in attaining an improved performance of LCO by reducing its interference between electrolytes. This study present the use of biological waste mussel shell as decoration agent for cathode active materials and lead up to decrease the amount of biological wastes.

Pembuatan Papan Komposit dari Limbah Plastik (PVC) dan Cangkang Kupang Merah

Kebutuhan papan saat ini terus mengalami peningkatan oleh karena itu penelitian ini dilakukukan dengan memanfaatkan limbah PVC dan limbah cangkang kupang merah sebagai bahan baku pembuatan papan komposit sehingga dapat menaikan nilai dari limbah PVC dan limbah cangkang kupang merah.Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh ukuran filer dan perbandingan komposisi cangkang kupang merah dengan PVC terhadap sifat fisis dan mekanis papan komposit. Pembuatan papan komposit ini dilakukkan dengan cara mencampurkan serbuk cangkang kupang dengan PVC kemudian perlakuan yang diberikan dengan melakukan variasi ukuran cangkang kupang 20, 30,40,50,dan60 mesh dan perbandingan komposisi antara PVC dengan cangkang kupang yaitu 30%:70%, 40%:60%, 50%:50%, 60%:40%, 70%:30% kemudian dicetak dan dilakukan pengempaan dengan suhu 120oC menggunakan hot press selama 60 menit. Sehingga dari penelitian diperoleh hasil kerapatan terbaik pada kondisi 60 mesh dan perbandingan komposisi 30%:70% dimana nilai densitas atau kerapatan 1,234gr/cm3, sedangkan untuk kadar air,pengembangan tebal, dan kuat patah didapat hasil terbaik pada kondisi 60 mesh dengan perbandingan komposisi 70%:30% dimana persentase kadar air 0,3108%, presentase pengembangan tebal 0,138% , nilai kuat patah (modulus of repture) 1092,57 Kgf.

Development of Slow-Release Fertilizer from Animal Origin Wastes: Sustainable Organic Agriculural Perspective

Improved crop quality and quantity is the main target of soil fertilization in conventional agriculture. However, in organic agriculture, adding nutrients to the soil is the threshold replenishment of nutrients lost through every crop. Mineral fertilizers provide essential macro and microelements to plants for their active growth and development. Unfortunately, these kinds of fertilizers easily run off from plant vicinity because of frequent watering and rain. This leads to the recurrent application of fertilizers, which causes severe environmental problems. To resolve these issues many researchers developed different slow-release fertilizers, which can provide nutrients to plants for an extended period. However, slow-release fertilizers are much more expensive than normal mineral fertilizers. The present work attempts to develop new slow-release fertilizer using mariculture waste mussel shell and cow urine. Significant macronutrient adsorption was observed in the shell saturation experiment and the leaching experiment proves that shell powder after nutrient impregnation with urine had a slow nutrient-releasing capacity. The formation of struvite crystals is another highlight of this study, which provides a long-term nutrient supply in the soil. BET analysis confirms the nutrient scrubbing and releasing ability of shell powder. Independently cow urine and mussels shells are used in agriculture for different purposes. Mussel shells are regularly used to reduce soil acidity and cow urine is applied to plants as a cheap nitrogen supplement in a diluted manner. However, cow urine components quickly run off from the plant root proximity. Nutrient impregnated shell powder has both characters of mussel shell powder and cow urine and it is truly formed from animal origin waste products. Because of no usage of synthetic chemicals, new slow-release fertilizer couldn’t make any environmental problems.

Synergetic recycling of recycled concrete aggregate and waste mussel shell in concrete: Mechanical properties, durability and microstructure

The sustainable management of solid wastes and the development of alternative construction materials are essential issues that have plagued urban green development, especially for some resource-constrained island countries or cities. The efficient resource utilization of solid wastes as the alternative of construction materials during the concrete production might provide a potentially promising solution to meet these challenges. In this study, the effects of the combined utilization of mussel shell aggregate (MSA) and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) on mechanical, durability and microstructural properties of mussel shell-recycled aggregate concrete (MS-RAC) were investigated. The results show that the increased MSA replacement rate exhibited a more negative influence on the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of MS-RAC than the increased RCA replacement rate. The combined utilization of MSA and RCA resulted in a lower steel corrosion resistance (i.e. more negative open circuit potential, higher corrosion current density, and higher corrosion rate) during the chloride attacks. These could be attributed to the higher debonding rate of MSA-mortar interface and more complicated ITZs due to the incorporation of MSA and RCA. Furthermore, compared with the RCA, the incorporation of MSA resulted in more macropores and an increased porosity in MS-RAC, thereby significantly weakening the mechanical and durability properties of concrete.

Mass Transfer Kinetics and Mechanisms of Phosphate Adsorbed on Waste Mussel Shell

Mass Transfer Kinetics and Mechanisms of Phosphate Adsorbed on Waste Mussel Shell

Comparing the adsorption isotherms and kinetics of phosphate adsorption on various waste shells as adsorbent

Abstract Excess phosphate in water bodies causes algae bloom and this phenomenon can reduce the amount of dissolved oxygen in water bodies, resulting in the death of aquatic life. The major focus of this study is to prepare adsorbent from three waste shells for phosphate adsorption from aqueous solution and to compare their effectiveness. This study used adsorbents made from marsh clamshells, waste mussel shells, and eggshells. PO43– adsorption by these shells was analysed using several parameter values, with an initial PO43− concentration of 10 mg L−1, solution volume of 100 mL, adsorbent dosage of 2 g, and various contact times. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model fitted the batch experimental data better as evidenced by the R2 values for raw marsh clamshell (0.9991), calcined waste mussel shell (0.9999), and calcined eggshell (0.9997), indicating that the adsorption between the various adsorbents and PO43− is a chemisorption process. Calcined eggshell showed the best PO43− removal efficiency (99%), followed by calcined waste mussel shell (96%), and raw marsh clamshell (73%). The application of waste material to adsorb phosphate from aqueous solution shows the potential of a new adsorbents for use in real adsorption wastewater treatment technologies.

A Two-Stage Batch System for Phosphate Removal from Wastewater by Iron-Coated Waste Mussel Shell to Assess the Optimum Adsorbent Dosage

A Two-Stage Batch System for Phosphate Removal from Wastewater by Iron-Coated Waste Mussel Shell to Assess the Optimum Adsorbent Dosage

The mechanisms and kinetics of phosphate adsorption onto iron-coated waste mussel shell observed from hydrodynamic column

The mechanisms and kinetics of phosphate adsorption onto iron-coated waste mussel shell observed from hydrodynamic column

Adsorption of Phosphate from Aqueous Solution onto Iron-coated Waste Mussel Shell: Physicochemical Characteristics, Kinetic, and Isotherm Studies

High amounts of phosphate (PO43–) discharged in receiving water can lead to eutrophication, which endangers life below water and human health. This study elucidates the removal of PO43– from synthetic solution by iron-coated waste mussel shell (ICWMS). The PO43– adsorption by ICWMS was determined at different process parameters, such as initial PO43– concentration (7 mg L−1), solution volume (0.2 L), adsorbent dosage (4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 g), and contact time. The highest efficiency of PO43− removal can reach 96.9% with an adsorption capacity of 0.30 mg g−1 could be obtained after a contact time of 48 h for the use of 20 g of ICWMS. Batch experimental data can be well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.999) and Freundlich isotherm model (R2 = 0.996), suggesting that chemisorption and multilayer adsorption occurred. The efficiency of PO43– removal from aqueous solution by ICWMS was verified to contribute to applying a new low-cost adsorbent obtained from waste mussel shell in the field of wastewater treatment.

Adsorption of reactive blue 49 onto cross-linked chitosan-based composites containing waste mussel shell and waste active sludge char.

Cross-linked chitosan/waste mussel shell (C/WMS) and chitosan/waste mussel shell/waste active sludge char (C/WMS/WASC) composites were prepared from waste mussel shell, waste active sludge (WAS), and chitosan, and cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. The quantities of chitosan, WMS, and WASC used for the C/WMS and C/WMS/WASC composites were 1:1 and 1:0.5:0.5, respectively. The two adsorbents were characterized for their quality by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and a Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) analyzer. The effects of contact time (0-1,620 mins), pH (1-5), adsorbent dosage (0.01-0.1 g/50 ml), initial dye concentration (20-100 mg/L), and temperature (25-45 °C) on Reactive Blue 49 (RB49) adsorption onto C/WMS and C/WMS/WASC composites were investigated. The maximum RB49 adsorption capacity of C/WMS and C/WMS/WASC composites was 54.7 and 38.8 mg/g, respectively. The experimental data were analyzed by kinetic and isotherm models. The Freundlich isotherm was a good fit for the experimental data of RB49 adsorption on C/WMS and C/WMS/WASC composites, and the adsorption kinetics for both adsorbents were the pseudo-second-order rate equation. All results showed the preparative adsorbents can be used as effective adsorbents for the treatment of waste water contaminated with RB49 since they are low cost and eco-friendly for the environment.

Preparation of Porous Materials Derived from Waste Mussel Shell with High Removal Performance for Tableware Oil

In this work, carbonized mussel shell powder (CMSP) was modified by alkyl polyglucosides (APG) and rhamnolipid (RL) to render porous biomass a lipophilic surface, which was innovatively utilized as an environmentally friendly tableware cleaning material. The modified method was two-step hydrotherm-assisted synthesis. A contact angle meter was used to determine the surface hydrophobic property of modified samples (MTAR). The pore and the surface structure of CMSP and MTAR were characterized by BET, SEM, XRD, FTIR and XPS. The effect of removing oil was tested by gravimetric method. The results showed that the surface of MTAR was more porous and fluffier than CMSP, and the specific surface area is increased by 16.76 times. The results showed that when calcining CMSP at 1000C, the oil removal rate of the synthesized MTAR is the best, and the decontamination rate can reach 87.05%. This research aims to develop a green and environmentally-friendly tableware cleaning material, solve environmental problems, and make full use of waste, which is very conducive to environmental protection.

Phosphate Removal from Wastewater in Batch System Using Waste Mussel Shell

High input of phosphate (PO43–) in rivers can lead to eutrophication, which jeopardizes aquatic life and human health. In this study, PO43– was removed from synthetic solution and domestic wastewater treatment plant effluent (DWTPE) by waste mussel shell (WMS). The PO43– adsorption by WMS was examined for the initial PO43– concentration (7 mg L−1), solution volume (0.2 L), adsorbent dosage (4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 g), and contact time (1-6 d). The batch experiment's optimum performance could reach approximately 75.1% for the removal of PO43– from synthetic solution and approximately 66.2% for the removal of PO43– from DWTPE after a contact time of 5 d. This work suggests that the WMS can remove PO43 from both synthetic solution and DWTPE. Future works are necessary to increase WMS's capacity to adsorb PO43– from waters, either by physical or chemical modification.

Facile Preparation of a Novel Bi2WO6/Calcined Mussel Shell Composite Photocatalyst with Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance

The exploration of cost-effective and highly efficient photocatalysts is still a great challenge. In this work, a cost-effective and highly active Bi2WO6/calcined mussel shell (CMS/BWO) composite photocatalyst was prepared by a facile solvothermal route, in which Bi2WO6 nanosheets were tightly, evenly, and vertically grown on waste calcined mussel shells (CMS). Multiple techniques are adopted to characterize the phases, morphology, and chemical properties of the as-fabricated catalysts. In contrast to the stacked Bi2WO6, CMS/BWO has numerous exposed edges and open transfer pathways, which can create more open space and reactive sites for photocatalytic reactions. Such favorable characteristics enable CMS/BWO to efficiently degrade organic pollutants (e.g., rhodamine B (RhB), methylene blue (MB), tetracycline hydrochloride (TC)) under visible light. Moreover, the generation of reactive species during the photocatalytic process is also examined by trapping experiments, disclosing the pivotal role of photo-generated holes (h+) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) in the photo-degradation of pollutants. Above all, this study not only provides an efficient photocatalyst for environmental remediation, but it also opens up new possibilities for waste mussel shell reutilization.

Fine Characterization of Natural SiO2-Doped Catalyst Derived from Mussel Shell with Potential Photocatalytic Performance for Organic Dyes

In this work, a SiO2-doped natural photocatalyst derived from waste mussel shell (HAS) was prepared by acidification. The as-prepared sample was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV-visible diffuse-reflectance spectrum (UV-vis DRS), and Differential scanning and thermogravimetric analyses (DTA/TGA). The results exhibited that HAS was mesopores nanomaterial consisting of uneven arranged rod-like structure, the dominant component of HAS was SiO2 with a large number of hydroxyl groups, and a variety of transition metals uniformly distributed in HAS. Rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB) removal efficiencies (equal to 92.59% and 99.14%, respectively) were observed under the HAS presence when exposed to the visible light. The degradation products were analyzed using liquid Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (LC-MS) and Total Organic Carbon (TOC), among which, MB was degraded by demethylation and deamination, and RhB was degraded by N-deethylation and conjugate structure destruction. After four successive recycles, the removal efficiency of RhB and MB are still reach 86.103% and 75.844%. This study indicated that the mussel shells might be suggested as a novel natural photocatalyst in the application of dye wastewater treatment.

Adsorption isotherms and kinetics of phosphate on waste mussel shell

In this study, removal of phosphate (PO43−) from aqueous solutions using waste mussel shell (WMS) was examined. The physicochemical characteristics of WMS were identified. In the batch experiments, the effects of contact time and adsorbent dosage (m) on the PO43− adsorption by the WMS were scrutinised. The maximum PO43− removal efficiency (E) was 83.4% at 144 h contact time for WMS dosage of 10 g. A comparison of kinetic models applied to the adsorption of PO43− onto WMS was evaluated using pseudo-first-order (PFO) and pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic models. The experimental data was fitted well with the PSO kinetic model. In the isotherm studies, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied. The Langmuir isotherm model was well described with the PO43− adsorption. The results indicated that WMS has a good potential to adsorb PO43− from water and thus could improve environmental quality. Furthermore, this study investigated on how the Langmuir isotherm for basic adsorption could be applied to predict E or required m under a given set of initial conditions (i.e., initial solute concentration, solution volume, and adsorbent dosage). This was accomplished by combining the Langmuir isotherm with mass balance of solutes between liquid solution and solid adsorbent phases.

Waste mussel shell as a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of polyfunctionalized 4H-pyrans in aqueous media

An economical and environmentally friendly heterogeneous base catalyst has been developed from a waste freshwater mussel shell and employed successfully for the synthesis of 4H-pyrans in an aqueous medium at ambient temperature. 2-arylidenemalononitrile, an intermediate of 4H-pyran reaction, was also prepared using the same catalyst. The catalyst was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, XRF, EDS, and SEM. Analytical tools such as XRF and EDS explored the presence of calcium oxide as a main component in the mussel shell, while the XRD pattern showed crystalline nature and SEM image displayed porous surface with irregular cavities. The catalyst exhibited unprecedented performance in the one-pot three-component condensation reaction of C–H activated acidic compounds with aromatic aldehydes and malononitrile in the green reaction medium and offered pure products without chromatographic separation.

Calculation of Filter Lifetime Using Empirical Model Applied to Hydrodynamic Column for Phosphate Removal from Greywater

Greywater is one of the point source pollution that negatively impact water resources if not properly treated. However, improvement of greywater quality can be potentially used for irrigation purpose. The main objective of this study is to calculate the lifetime for calcined waste mussel shell (CWMS) in hydrodynamic column. This study was performed using laboratory scale hydrodynamic column filled with CWMS to determine the breakthrough curve, adsorption capacity, accumulation rate and lifetime using empirical model for the adsorption of PO4-3 onto CWMS from greywater. The bed height and flow rate that used in the experiment are 200 mm and 80 mL/h, respectively. The results demonstrate that breakthrough and exhaustion times are 12h and 18h, respectively. The empirical model was verified using experimental equilibrium data. The values of k1 and qmax calculated using model equations are 0.122 mg/g h2 and 0.0017 mg/g, respectively. On the basis of the results, CWMS can be economically basis media used as an adsorbent for the removal of PO4-3 from greywater in the hydrodynamic column.

Lake Water Quality Improvement by Using Waste Mussel Shell Powder as an Adsorbent

Lake water in UTHM was slightly greenish in color indicating the eutrophication process. Eutrophication problem is due to excessive amount of nutrient in the lake water which causes nuisance growth of algae and other aquatic plant. The improvement of lake water quality should be conducted wisely in preventing from eutrophication problem by using a suitable water treatment method. Natural materials, agricultural wastes and industrial wastes are locally available sources can be utilized as low-cost adsorbents. The natural abundant source of waste mussel’s shells is advantages to use as basis material to produce the low cost adsorbent for water treatment. Batch experiments were carried out with the preparation 500 ml volume of lake water sample with the dosage of 2.5g, 7.5g and 12.5g. Then the solution shaking in an incubator with 200 rpm shaking speed. The various dosage of mussel shell greatly affected pollutants removal. Both of NH4+ and PO43- have a higher percentage removal with 31.28% and 21.74% at the 7.5g of sample dosage. Other parameters such as COD and TSS also shown good percentage of removal at 7.5g of dosage sample with 44.45% and 25% respectively. While, dosage at 2.5g was performed as a good adsorption capacity of NH4+, PO43-, COD and TSS as high as 0.142, 0.234, 7.6 and 20 mg/g, respectively. These experimental results suggested that the use of mussel shell powder as good basis material in removing pollutants from lake water.

Adsorption of phosphate from aqueous solutions using waste mussel shell

Excessive amount of phosphate released from wastewater can cause eutrophication to the receiving waters. Adsorption technique has been used to remove phosphate from aqueous solutions. The use of waste mussel shell (WMS) to remove phosphate from aqueous solutions and application of several kinetic and isotherm models to describe the adsorption of phosphate onto WMS were conducted in batch experiments. The phosphate adsorption by the WMS was examined with respect to solute concentration, contact time and adsorbent dose. The phosphate removal efficiencies obtained were 46.7, 57.6, 64.1, 70.8 and 75.2% at 144 h contact time for WMS dosage of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 g, respectively. Physical and chemical properties of WMS including surface physical morphology and elemental compositions were characterized. A comparison of kinetic models applied to the phosphate adsorption onto WMS was evaluated for the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order model. The experimental data fitted very well with the pseudo-second order kinetic model (R2 > 0.984), which indicated the adsorption process was chemisorption. In the isotherm studies, the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied. The results indicated that the use of Freundlich equation is well described with the phosphate adsorptions onto WMS (R2 = 0.968), suggesting the heterogeneity of the adsorbent surface. The experimental results suggested the use of WMS as an excellent adsorption material for phosphate removal from aqueous solutions, giving new insights into environmental engineering practices.