Waste Materials In Concrete Research Articles

Combined effect of silica fume and various fibers on fresh and hardened properties of concrete incorporating HDPE aggregates

Recycling of waste plastics has become essential to mitigate their detrimental impact on the environment. However, it can be used in the construction sector to fulfill construction needs and conserve natural resources. Previous research has demonstrated that incorporating plastic aggregate reduces the strength properties of concrete; hence, there is a need to improve its strength properties. In this study, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic is incorporated in aggregate form, as a partial substitute for natural coarse aggregates (NCA) at volumetric ratios of 10 %, 30 %, and 50 %. Various strength enhancement techniques, including the addition of macro synthetic fibers (MSF), steel fibers (SF), and substituting 20 % of cement with silica fume, were employed. The results indicated that workability of concrete is improved with an increase in the content of HDPE coarse aggregates (HCA). Furthermore, concrete containing 30 % HCA performed better in terms of strength compared to concrete with 10 % and 50 % HCA. The findings demonstrate that concrete containing fibers performs better than concrete without fibers. The utilization of 0.75 % MSF and 1 % SF dosage leads to a 93 % improvement in splitting tensile strength, a 72 % improvement in flexural strength, and a 48 % improvement in compressive strength for concrete containing 30 % HCA. Using scanning electron microscopy, it was found that incorporating HCA weakens the internal matrix. However, the addition of a precise amount of fibers and pozzolanic materials resulted in improvements in microstructure. The significance of this research lies in the utilization of HDPE waste materials in concrete by simultaneous usage of different fibers.

Magnesite Mine Waste as a Sustainable Binder for Low-Fines Self-Compacting Concrete: Engineering Property and Ecological Impact

<p>Mine waste management has become a global concern due to its environmental and health impacts, as well as the high cost of disposal. Recent advancements focus on recycling mine waste into resources using effective conservation methods and waste management systems. The building sector, a major consumer of natural resources, has seen studies on using waste materials in concrete. This study examined the feasibility of replacing cement with mine waste in two phases - binary blend (cement + mine waste) and ternary blend (cement + fly ash + mine waste) at 10%, 20%, and 30% doses. The study evaluated fresh properties like slump flow, T50 slump, V-funnel, J-ring, and L-box, and hardened properties like compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strengths. It also investigated microstructural characteristics, cost, energy impact, and CO2 emissions. The results showed good performance in fresh characteristics for almost all mixtures but failure in hardened properties. The achieved strength was backed by microstructural analysis. Binary blended SCC reduced costs by 5%, energy by 25%, and CO2 emissions by 28%, while ternary blended SCC cut costs by 8%, energy by 32%, and CO2 emissions by 36%.</p>

Innovative valorization of biomass waste-derived sodium silicate for geopolymer concrete synthesis: Sustainability assessment and circular economy potential

Exorbitant greenhouse gas emissions associated with commercial sodium silicates (SS) have curtailed the large-scale practical implementation of geopolymers and have also led to discrepancies related to their sustainability. As a result, the extraction of SS from silica-rich biomass/agricultural waste ashes (AGWA) have gained the attention of researchers. This process involves heat treatment of AGWA with sodium hydroxide in addition to the calcination to produce the ash itself, thus requiring a systematic study to justify its sustainability. Therefore, this study presents an integrated techno-economic analysis (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) to determine the economic and environmental feasibility of AGWA-derived activators for geopolymer concrete synthesis. The LCA results showed a 60–62% reduction in the greenhouse gas emissions of commercial SS-based geopolymer. A significant improvement was also observed in photochemical ozone formation, wherein the emissions were lesser from binders using AGWA based SS as compared to binders produced with commercially available SS. The TEA indicated that although the AGWA-derived SS reduced the cost of the activator by 50–70%, the overall cost of geopolymer concrete with these activators was still higher than OPC based concrete. The hydrothermal process was found to have a lower CO2 emissions and production cost as compared to the thermochemical method to prepare AGWA-derived SS. All in all, the innovative valorization of biomass-waste-derived sodium silicate in geopolymer concrete has a lot of potential to foster a circular bioeconomy by closing the loop of agricultural waste and also promote circular construction by repurposing of waste materials in concrete.

Estimating compressive strength of concrete containing rice husk ash using interpretable machine learning-based models

The construction sector is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions. Using recycled and waste materials in concrete is a practical solution to address environmental challenges. Currently, agricultural waste is widely used as a substitute for cement in the production of eco-friendly concrete. However, traditional methods for assessing the strength of such materials are both expensive and time-consuming. Therefore, this study uses machine learning techniques to develop prediction models for the compressive strength (CS) of rice husk ash (RHA) concrete. The ML techniques used in the present study include random forest (RF), light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), ridge regression, and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). A total of 348 values of CS were collected from the experimental studies, and five characteristics of RHA concrete were taken as input variables. For the performance assessment of the models, multiple statistical metrics were used. During the training phase, the correlation coefficients (R) obtained for ridge regression, RF, XGBoost, and LightGBM were 0.943, 0.981, 0.985, and 0.996, respectively. In the testing set, the developed models demonstrated even higher performance, with correlation coefficients of 0.971, 0.993, 0.992, and 0.998 for ridge regression, RF, XGBoost, and LightGBM, respectively. The statistical analysis revealed that the LightGBM model outperformed other models, whereas the ridge regression model exhibited comparatively lower accuracy. SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) method was employed for the interpretability of the developed model. The SHAP analysis revealed that water-to-cement is a controlling parameter in estimating the CS of RHA concrete. In conclusion, this study provides valuable guidance for builders and researchers to estimate the CS of RHA concrete. However, it is suggested that more input variables be incorporated and hybrid models utilized to further enhance the reliability and precision of the models.

Effect of green gram pod ash (GGPA) as supplementary cementitious material (SCM) in mechanical and durability properties of concrete

Agriculture waste generation is increasing daily, and agricultural waste management has become one of the most challenging issues for many countries. To contribute towards a sustainable waste management system, this experimental study evaluates the impact of using agricultural waste materials in concrete. Concrete that does not harm the environment and has improved engineering properties can be produced using agricultural waste ash such as green gram pod ash. Green concrete has been examined for its mechanical, durability and microstructure properties when partially replaced with Portland cement by green gram pod ash (GGPA). Conducting various tests using concrete containing different weight proportions of green gram pod ash in a mix at 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%, respectively. This paper examines the mechanical, durability and morphological characteristics of green gram pod ash blended with cement concrete. It has been shown that concrete containing 8% green gram pod ash enhances the properties of GGPA concrete. It was observed that the addition of 8% green gram pod ash enhances the compressive strength. Split tensile strength, flexure strength, modulus of elasticity and impact strength of concrete by 4.26%, 4.07%, 35.19%, 16% and 10.3% at 28 days of curing. It was concluded that green gram pod ash was shown to satisfy engineering application design requirements and significantly reduce concrete production costs and environmental pollution. The cement replacement with 8% of GGPA is optimum for achieving better concrete properties.

The ductility performance of concrete using glass fiber mesh in beam specimens

Abstract It is known that concrete with high ductility reduces fatalities because it absorbs more energy during an earthquake. The aim of this study is to increase the ductility of concrete by using glass fiber mesh (GFM) left over from the use of plaster in structures and to support sustainability by reusing waste materials in concrete. Another aim is to contribute to the economy by using waste fibers instead of expensive fibers such as carbon and polypropylene in concrete. Two types of concrete were used: class C25 concrete and self-compacting concrete. The specified number of GFM materials was cut into 3 cm wide pieces and placed in 10 cm × 10 cm × 50 cm concrete beam specimens in varying numbers. It was found that the flexural values of the obtained specimens gave slightly better results than the prepared reference specimen. In addition, the increasing stress zones in the beams were visualized using the ANSYS software.

Effect of waste glass powder as partial replacement of cement & sand in concrete

The use of waste materials in concrete is now a global trend for effective waste management in order to create a sustainable, eco-friendly concrete. This has the added benefits of protecting natural resources by means of producing more sustainable concrete that has better mechanical properties. This study investigates the characteristics of concrete that contains waste glass powder (WGP) as partial replacement of cement and sand. Laboratory tests were performed to determine the compressive strength and split tensile strength of concrete with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% partial replacement of cement and sand separately by WGP after 7, 28, 60 and 90 days of moist curing. Microstructural investigations of X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to determine the effect of WGP on the microstructure of concrete. Results has shown that compressive strength of concrete can be improved to a considerable value at 7, 28, 60 and 90 days when WGP is used as partial replacement of cement by 5%, 10% and 15%, which can be considered as a reasonable amount in producing sustainable concrete. Further replacement percentages resulted in a decrease in compressive strength. WGP enhances the microstructure of concrete in the term of pozzolanic activity and decreasing the microcracks.

Durability evaluation and environmental implications of blended cement with colloidal nano-silica for use in recycled fine aggregate concrete: Experimental and theoretical study

The incorporation of waste materials in concrete is currently a practical solution to solve certain environmental concerns. Because of the property degradation of the produced concrete owing to the addition of waste materials, using pozzolans in the concrete mix can help improve the mechanical performance of recycled concrete. Therefore, in this research, the mechanical specifications of recycled concrete were evaluated at different volume fractions of recycled fine aggregates (RFA) replacing natural fine aggregates (NFA). In addition, the impact of adding colloidal nano-silica particles on the performance of conventional and recycled concretes was investigated. Various parameters comprising compressive strength, pulse velocity, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, elastic modulus, and water absorption were carefully examined. The attained experimental results reveal that the mechanical and physical characteristics of concrete degrade with increasing the volume fraction of RFA replacing NFA. Also, increasing the weight percentage of nano-silica replacing cement up to 6% in conventional concrete and that containing RFA improves the mechanical and physical properties, the optimum percentage of which was determined as 4.5%. Furthermore, relationships were recommended for predicting the compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strengths as well as the elastic modulus of concrete mixes by including the RFA and nano-silica replacement levels, which are in acceptable accordance with the experiments in the present study and those available in the technical literature. Finally, to investigate the environmental effects of recycled concrete with different RFA substitution levels and colloidal nano-silica incorporation, the problem-based CML 2000 and the damage-based IMPACT2002 + methods were applied using SimaPro9 software. Thus, environmental parameters such as acidification, global warming potential (GWP), eutrophication, natural resources, ecosystem quality, and human health were inspected. Subsequently, the GWP results were compared and presented using the CML 2000 and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) approaches. To verify the estimates, all the attained results were examined against those captured from the Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability (BEES) method. Findings show that despite the implementation of different unit measurements in different methods, the environmental effects in the CML 2000 and BEES methodologies are almost the same, suggesting that nano-silica is a raw material with the greatest environmental impact. Additionally, based on the life cycle comparison results of manufacturing one cubic meter of concrete with different mix designs using the damage evaluation approach, IMPACT 2002+, concrete with the RF0NS6 mix design triggered the highest damage extent in natural resource, climate change, ecosystem, and human health categories, respectively. This study fills a significant research gap from an environmental perspective by comprehensively investigating the durability and mechanical specifications of concrete containing RFA and nano-silica pozzolan. The findings presented in this research provide valuable insights into the realm of sustainable construction practices, paving the way for novel advancements in concrete technology.

A comparative study on partial replacement of coarse aggregates in concrete with sustainable waste materials

The present study focuses on identifying suitable and sustainable waste materials in concrete by replacing for coarse aggregates. Investigations have been conducted to determine how well the inappropriate wastes, palm kernel shells, periwinkle shells, and coconut shells perform as substitute for coarse materials in concrete. PKS, PS, and CS were developed as a replacement in 45 cubes and cylinders. Tests were conducted on their characteristic strength in compression and elasticity and workability. Concrete's elasticity and compressive capabilities declined when PKS, PS, and CS concentration rose. When compared with Periwinkle Shell Concrete (PSC), Coconut Shells Concrete, Palm Kernel Shell Concrete (PKSC) had lesser tensile and compressive strengths for all curing periods (CSC). The 28-day control concrete's constrict and elastic strength was 25 N/mm2 and 12 N/mm2, respectively. Considering PKSC, strength needed with 25% of replacement were 22 N/mm2 and 8.2 N/mm2; on 25% replacement, PS exhibited a compressive and elasticity of 21 N/mm2 and 10.4 N/mm2, respectively, while 25% replacement, the CS exhibited the values of 22 N/mm2 and 11 N/mm2, respectively. Thus a 25% replacement with the alternative materials satisfied the member strength of control concrete. Besides the technical assurance, the use of the ‘alternatives’ flags the usefulness of reusing the waste materials to protect the ecology of the area. Such cross sectoral material reuse may act as a game-changer in both the donor and receiver sectors. It also means that the world's building companies may conserve billions of tonnes of organic coarse aggregates and make significant financial savings thereby conserving our environment.

Past Investigations on Mechanical and Durability Properties of Natural Hair Fibre Reinforced Concrete

The construction industry is the largest manufacturing industry, which produces concrete and other related materials for construction of infrastructure around the world, after the food production industry. This industry requires a lot of natural resources like aggregates, limestone etc. to produce finished product such as concrete and cement. These natural resources are limited and have to deplete one day, so alternate to these resources are required. On the other hand, this industry produces a large amount of waste material that creates environmental pollution. In the present era, to recycle waste and to reduce environmental pollution is the main objectives of sustainable development. Sustainable development in structural materials is currently getting attention all around the world. Solid waste, building and demolition waste, natural resources, and their reuse are the most obvious strategies for achieving sustainability in the construction industry. Many researchers are working on new techniques and thinking for innovation in the field of concrete technology by utilizing the waste material in concrete. As a fiber reinforcement material, Human Hair Fiber (HHF), an alternate non-degradable matter, is available in abundance and at a very cheap cost. In this review of literature paper presents the quantitative analysis of HHF as natural fibers in cement concrete

Partial replacement of cement and fine aggregates with marble dust powder and polypropylene fiber

Normally sand, cement, gravel is used as a raw material of conventional concrete. Thus, the usage of these raw materials has been increased in a large amount for that reason in future the demand of these constructive materials will get less a chance to be fulfilled and so the cost of these materials will be drastically increased. This research emphasizes on the possibilities of using waste material from different engineering activities to prepare innovative concrete. Marble dust powder as a waste and polypropylene fiber was suggested in partial replacement of cement and fine aggregates. Different papers were studied on the replacement of these waste materials in concrete. The highest strength achieved by the concrete on replacing certain percentages of these waste materials. was found According to that we first replaced the cement with marble dust then when the highest strength was achieved at a particular percentage then at that percentage of replacement it was combined with different percentages of replacement of fine aggregates with polypropylene fibre. To determine the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength different tests were conducted. The use of marble dust powder was proposed in different percentages as an addition to cement. The replaced percentages are 9%, 11%, 13%, and 15%. Though the replacement percentage of polypropylene fiber with fine aggregates are 0.9%, 1.1%, 1.3% and 1.5%. The compressive strength test, split tensile strength test and the flexural strength test were performed after 7, 14 and 28 days after casting them. It was seen that for 13% replacement of cement with marble dust powder the compressive strength was enhanced by 11.9% after 28 days of casting when analyzed with the blend which has 0% replacement of MDP. Split tensile strength and flexural strength were enhanced by 12% and 12.75%. When 13% replacement of marble dust powder was combined with 1.1% of polypropylene fiber it resulted 15% improvement in compressive strength after 28 days of casting. Split tensile strength and flexural strength improved by 15% and 13.5% after 28 days. M25 concrete grade is designed as per is 456:2000.

Evaluation of strength of self-compacting concrete having dolomite powder as partial replacement for cement

Now a day, the utilization of self-compacting concrete (SCC) has become popular in creating RC structures. Apart from self-compaction, SCC has got many advantages such as excellent flow ability, filling ability, smooth finish of surface, ease of work etc. The use of waste material in concrete is the area of having scope for researchers for many years. Use of waste material reduces the consumption of cement by construction sector. In this present experimental work, dolomite powder is used as fractional replacement material for cement. The cement in the SCC is replaced by dolomite at fractions of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70%. Fly ash is also added to the mix at constant fraction of 18% of the cement. The strength of SCC is assessed by performing compression test, splitting tension test and bending test. The test results showed that the use of dolomite powder in SCC is advantageous up to 20% replacement fraction. It is also observed that the strength of DC40 mix (i.e the mix having Dolomite at 40% of cement) is almost equal to the strength of normal SCC. Even at 70% replacement level, the strength of SCC having dolomite achieved is 25 MPa. SEM images are analyzed to identify the spread of hydrated products.

Characterization of high-strength concrete by Preferential supplant of scrap tyre rubber powder-bambara nut shell ash constituent: utilization of novel waste materials in concrete

Characterization of high-strength concrete by Preferential supplant of scrap tyre rubber powder-bambara nut shell ash constituent: utilization of novel waste materials in concrete

Use of Concrete Waste from Industries as an Alternative Material for the Permeable Concrete Production

Every year, tons of demolished concrete waste items dump into the environment from the construction industry. With this process, a massive environmental pollution occurs. Therefore, in this research, the main aim is to find a solution for this environmental pollution by recycling this waste products. The main objective is to recycle these concrete waste materials from industries to use as an alternative material for the production of permeable concrete by maintaining the recommended compressive strength and the recommended permeability. Permeable concrete can be used for the concreting of floor areas like car parks. It provides environmentally friendly way to drain storm water without flooding. For this research, cement to aggregate ratio was used 1:5 and 14mm to 20mm size natural coarse aggregate and concrete waste were used. The control sample was prepared using 100% aggregate. With total amount of aggregate weight 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% amounts were replaced with the waste concrete after preparing 14mm to 20mm size samples. The slump test, compressive strength test and the permeability tests were conducted. According the results of the 28 days compressive strength test, the control sample was obtained 7.423MPa strength but neither of any other sample could not reached this strength. However, the sample which replaced with the 10% of waste concrete with 90% natural coarse aggregate has obtained 88.683% strength compared to the control sample. According to the permeability results it shows that there will not have a great impact by using concrete waste as an alternative material in permeable concrete production. The results were varied between 15.8L/m2/s to 15.08L/m2/s.

Predicting the Splitting Tensile Strength of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Using Individual and Ensemble Machine Learning Approaches

The application of waste materials in concrete is gaining more popularity for sustainable development. The adaptation of this approach not only reduces the environmental risks but also fulfills the requirement of concrete material. This study used the novel algorithms of machine learning (ML) to forecast the splitting tensile strength (STS) of concrete containing recycled aggregate (RA). The gene expression programming (GEP), artificial neural network (ANN), and bagging techniques were investigated for the selected database. Results reveal that the precision level of the bagging model is more accurate toward the prediction of STS of RA-based concrete as opposed to GEP and ANN models. The high value (0.95) of the coefficient of determination (R2) and lesser values of the errors (MAE, MSE, RMSE) were a clear indication of the accurate precision of the bagging model. Moreover, the statistical checks and k-fold cross-validation method were also incorporated to confirm the validity of the employed model. In addition, sensitivity analysis was also carried out to know the contribution level of each parameter toward the prediction of the outcome. The application of ML approaches for the anticipation of concrete’s mechanical properties will benefit the area of civil engineering by saving time, effort, and resources.

Experimental Investigation on Impact of Properties of Concrete by Adding Glass Fiber and Jute Fiber

Concrete is one of the most widely recognized development material for the most part delivered by utilizing locally accessible ingredients. The present trend in concrete technology is towards increasing the strength and durability of concrete to meet the demands of the modern construction. Enhance the physical and mechanical properties of concrete are a prospective area of research because concrete has a lot to offer as a construction material as it can be used to generate modern new-build properties. Fiber reinforced concrete is one among those advancements which offers economical, practical and convenient method for overcoming the deficiency of concrete such as micro cracks, low tensile strength and similar type of deficiencies. Since the concrete is weak in tension, fiber helps to overcome this deficiency utilizing the waste material in concrete. The addition of fibers into concrete can dramatically increase the strength of concrete. This research aims to check the effect of glass fiber & jute fiber on the fresh, physical and mechanical properties of concrete.

A Review: Utilization of Waste Materials in Concrete

Concrete is the most important material in building construction. It had been used widely around the world and is made of cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates and water. These materials come from natural resources which had a depletion and environmental pollution issues. On the other hand, tonnes of waste are generated around the world especially in developed country which are having rapid industrialization, increasing population growth, technological developments and urbanization. Most of the waste materials from those causes are not recyclable. The methods managing of the waste materials are usually done by dumping in landfills or burning. Thus, in order to overcome both issues, alternative replacements from waste materials can massively give huge differences to the industry that will reduce the usage of natural resources and gives benefits to the industry itself and also to the environment. Studies on waste materials had been conducted by many researchers before. Hence, in this paper, some materials which are coal bottom ash, slag, ceramic waste and glass powder will be discuss as waste materials that have been used from many backgrounds of industries. This paper attempt to summarize the investigation of the following materials as substitution materials in concrete, with the following discussion. The properties such as workability, compressive strength, ductility etc. of these replacement materials are compared with the normal concrete. A lightweight concrete that is safe and eco-friendly will be produced as a construction material. This shows that some of the materials can improve the performance of concrete itself. Thus, this study is crucial in finding the other waste materials that can act as a replacement.

Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate Using Waste Materials in Concrete as Roof Tile: A Review

The use of waste material as a partial replacement has become popular in concrete mixture studies. Many research has utilized waste materials like cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and reinforcing materials substitute. The current paper focuses on some of the waste elements that are utilized in a concrete mortar (use in roof tile) as a partial replacement for fine aggregates such as rubber ash, sawdust, seashells, crumb rubber, pistachio shells, cinder sand, stone dust, and copper slag. There are many variations of mix proportion and water-cement ratio for every waste material. Compressive strength was compared and found that stone dust and the combination of seashell and coconut fiber shows an incensement when used to replacing fine aggregate. The suitable replacement level for stone dust is 25% and 50%. While the suitable replacement levels for the combination of sea shell and coconut fiber are 20% and 30%. Material from the rubber families such as rubber crumb and rubber ash is only suitable for replacement levels. Rubber families especially rubber crumbs have shown low water absorption value which is good in the production of roofing products. As we know, the roof should have waterproof properties to prevent any leaks from happening when it rains. Most of the waste materials added as fine aggregates in concrete have increased the amount of water absorption and found that sawdust is the most abundant material with a high percentage of water absorption compared to the others. Research on the partial replacement of fine aggregates replaced with waste materials is needed more extensively to provide more confidence about their use in concrete mortars, especially on roof tiles.

Development of sustainable concrete using recycled high-density polyethylene and crumb tires: Mechanical and thermal properties

Recycling the non-biodegradable waste materials in concrete is becoming necessary to reduce the environmental pollution in industrial and urbanization countries. Further, since energy-saving is a critical issue worldwide, particularly in hot climate conditions, minimizing the heat flow from the outside to inside the building roofs is also the demand of both the residents and authorities as reflected by the building's codes. In this regard, experimental work was conducted to investigate the concrete's mechanical and thermal properties. Two replacement materials, namely crumb rubber (Ru) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE), were used to replace fine and coarse aggregates to produce insulation concrete. Further, the cost analysis, oil fuel consumption, CO2, and SO2 emissions were computed as a function of the thermal resistance that was figured out from experimental work. The experimental results of insulation concrete revealed that the thermal conductivity was reduced by about 40%, with little lower values for rubber as related to polyethylene. Likewise, it was found that the use of Ru and HDPE with a maximum dosage of 50% resulted in reducing the strength of normal concrete with a maximum value of 90% and 82% for Ru and HDPE, respectively. The flexural strength decreased with increasing Ru and HDPE's content by about 50%. In contrast, the use of Ru and HDPE in the concrete enhanced the ductility performance. Results suggest the usage of screed concrete with 50% of Ru and HDPE replacements to achieve maximum thermal resistance. It is found that the best mixtures (Ru-50% and HDPE-50%) enhance the thermal resistance by about 59 and 48% as compared to the control normal concrete mixture. Based on net present value (NPV) over 30 years, the thermal resistance improvement could decrease the cost of energy consumption from 596 to 377.2 and 405.1 $/m2 for concrete with Ru-50% and concrete with HDPE-50%, respectively. Furthermore, these two optimal mixes could also minimize the oil fuel consumption, CO2 and SO2 emissions from 75.14, 243 and 1.26 (kg/m2.year) to 47.34, 152 and 0.79 (kg/m2.year) when Ru-50% of coarse replacement is used and 50.92, 164 and 0.85 (kg/m2.year) when using HDPE-50% with coarse aggregate replacement, respectively.

A scientometric review of waste material utilization in concrete for sustainable construction

The construction sector has a significant impact on the environment, contributing significantly to energy consumption, resource depletion, and CO2 emissions. This sector is currently shifting away from natural materials and cement in favor of alternative materials, thereby reducing environmental impact and promoting sustainability. Worldwide, enormous quantities of waste materials are generated. Most of these waste materials are hazardous, corrosive, flammable, chemically reactive, incendiary, and infectious and are typically disposed of in landfills, causing environmental pollution and posing health risks. As a result, incorporating waste materials into concrete would be a more prudent course of action. This study collected vast bibliometric data comprising journal articles and review articles from the Scopus database over the last two decades and conducted a scientometric review on waste material utilization in concrete. Scientometric analysis is used to determine the current state of research by analyzing available bibliometric data and identifying related publication areas, sources with the most publications, the most frequently occurring keywords, authors, and papers with the most citations, and states that have made the greatest contribution to the field of waste materials utilization in concrete. Moreover, the most active research areas are identified and discussed. Also, the sustainability aspects of recycling waste materials in concrete are discussed, and finally, future research is proposed. The scientometric review will enable scholars from diverse countries to exchange novel ideas and knowledge, foster research collaboration, and establish joint ventures.