Waste Management Law Research Articles

Strategies for Household Waste Management in Winong Village Waste Bank

Background: Legal frameworks are vital for guiding village autonomy and waste management practices. Specific Background: In Indonesia, laws such as Law No. 6/2014 and Law No. 18/2008 regulate these areas but face implementation challenges. Knowledge Gap: There is a lack of integration between community perspectives and local governance practices. Aims: This study analyzes the legal foundations of waste management in rural settings and assesses practical implementation through stakeholder input. Results: Using a normative legal approach alongside Focus Group Discussions with various stakeholders, the research identifies gaps in the application of waste management laws and emphasizes the need for tailored legal recommendations. Novelty: By merging legal analysis with empirical insights, the study provides a comprehensive view of waste management in rural contexts. Implications: Findings highlight the necessity for adapting legal frameworks to local systems and engaging communities, offering practical solutions for rural waste management that contribute to environmental governance. Highlights : Legal Foundations: Examines laws governing waste management and village autonomy. Stakeholder Input: Utilizes Focus Group Discussions to gather community perspectives. Contextual Adaptation: Emphasizes the need for tailored legal solutions for effective implementation. Keywords: legal frameworks, waste management, village governance, community engagement, empirical analysis

Assessing the Impact of Sachet Water Disposal Practices on Urban Environmental Health in Southern Nigeria

This research investigated the impact of sachet water disposal practices on the environmental health of urban Nigeria. The study used both practice and scientific data collection to gather survey, water, and disease check information. The data was analyzed using SPSS. The results showed that 85% of waste in sachet water was unsanitarily disposed of, with 40% dumped on the streets and 25% dumped in drainage systems. The pollution of water bodies in urban areas was alarming, with plastic levels ranging from 10 mg to 150 mg per liter. High waste areas also showed increased incidence rates of waterborne diseases, such as typhoid (15%), cholera (12%), dysentery (8%), and hepatitis A (5%). The population's knowledge of proper disposal methods was generally low, with 25% fully aware, 20% knowing the right method but not using it, 30% having minimal understanding, and 25% having no knowledge at all. The study found that improper disposal rates had decreased from 70% in 2020 to a projected 50% in 2024. However, further improvement is needed in waste management infrastructure, laws and penalties, public awareness, and encouraging responsible and sustainable waste disposal practices.

Health: Hospital Medical Waste Management Laws that Does Not Comply with Environmental Quality Standards

Health: Hospital Medical Waste Management Laws that Does Not Comply with Environmental Quality Standards

PKM Optimalisasi Pengelolaan Limbah Plastik di Desa Gubug

Waste, especially plastic, is a serious problem in Indonesia. Consumer habits that use plastic products excessively cause an increase in plastic waste which is difficult to decompose and is dangerous for the environment. Waste Management Law: Law Number 18 of 2008 concerning Waste Management (UUPS) defines waste as the remains of human activities or natural processes in solid form. Waste management must be carried out systematically, comprehensively and continuously to prevent environmental pollution and health problems. Creativity in Using Plastic Waste: Converting plastic waste into handicrafts is an effective solution for reducing the amount of plastic waste and providing added value. This service stage is carried out by starting preparations, in this preparation the service team carries out site observations to see conditions in the field. Then prepare the material that will be given. The service team prepared materials according to the needs of Gubug Village. At this socialization and implementation stage, the service team provides outreach regarding the dangers of plastic waste and the management of plastic waste as well as how to market it. The fourth stage is monitoring, the service team determines whether the Gubug Village Community is able to make crafts from plastic waste.

Penegakan Hukum, Sanksi dan Kendala Dari Pelanggaran Peraturan Daerah Nomor 13 Tahun 2012 Tentang Pengelolaan Sampah di Kabupaten Kendal

Waste management is still an unresolved problem to this day. This research aims to examine problems in waste management in Kendal Regency. This research is normative legal research with a statutory approach. Data was collected using literature studies and analyzed qualitatively. Kendal Regency has several laws and regulations related to waste management, especially Regional Regulation Number 13 of 2012 concerning Waste Management and several other laws and regulations. Law enforcement in waste management refers to three legal systems which are a combination of structural, material and cultural components. Apart from that, related to law enforcement in waste management, it can be studied from 2 sides, namely preventive and repressive law enforcement. Even though a strong legal basis has been provided by regional regulations, the implementation of sanctions still faces problems. The main obstacles are low public awareness, limited resources, and technical problems in waste management infrastructure. Sanctions applied for violations of regulations include verbal warnings, written warnings and fines. Sanctions have not been able to provide significant deterrence, according to the evaluation. Therefore, this research provides suggestions for improving the law enforcement system, increasing public awareness, and overcoming technical problems so that Regional Regulation Number 13 of 2012 in Kendal Regency can be better implemented in terms of sustainable waste management. Effective law enforcement can help create a clean, healthy and sustainable environment while ensuring that each party is responsible for waste management.

Penegakan Hukum, Sanksi dan Kendala Dari Pelanggaran Peraturan Daerah Nomor 13 Tahun 2012 Tentang Pengelolaan Sampah di Kabupaten Kendal

Waste management is still an unresolved problem to this day. This research aims to examine problems in waste management in Kendal Regency. This research is normative legal research with a statutory approach. Data was collected using literature studies and analyzed qualitatively. Kendal Regency has several laws and regulations related to waste management, especially Regional Regulation Number 13 of 2012 concerning Waste Management and several other laws and regulations. Law enforcement in waste management refers to three legal systems which are a combination of structural, material and cultural components. Apart from that, related to law enforcement in waste management, it can be studied from 2 sides, namely preventive and repressive law enforcement. Even though a strong legal basis has been provided by regional regulations, the implementation of sanctions still faces problems. The main obstacles are low public awareness, limited resources, and technical problems in waste management infrastructure. Sanctions applied for violations of regulations include verbal warnings, written warnings and fines. Sanctions have not been able to provide significant deterrence, according to the evaluation. Therefore, this research provides suggestions for improving the law enforcement system, increasing public awareness, and overcoming technical problems so that Regional Regulation Number 13 of 2012 in Kendal Regency can be better implemented in terms of sustainable waste management. Effective law enforcement can help create a clean, healthy and sustainable environment while ensuring that each party is responsible for waste management.

FACTORS INFLUENCING UNHOLY PRACTICES OF INDISCRIMINATE DUMP SITE IN WARRI-SOUTH, DELTA STATE, NIGERIA

The increasing number of indiscriminate dump sites in Warri-south in Delta state is worrisome and adversely affecting the living standard and health conditions of its growing populace. This study seeks to investigate the factors that influence unholy practices of indiscriminate waste disposal and to seek appropriate measures for mitigating or curbing this menace. It employs the cross-sectional research methodology. A sample size of 100 respondents from households living in Warri is used while a structured questionnaire with a three Likert scale is the research instrument for data collection. Exploratory Data analysis is employed to extract insights to explain the menace of dump site increase and the factors that significantly influence it. The results show that domestic waste such as food, paper, glass, and plastic waste is on the increase due to key influencing factors such as poor waste management laws, lack of waste facilities, poor training of waste collectors, and household attitudes towards waste disposal. Waste segregation and recycling were countermeasures to address waste disposal.

Enabling Circular Economy: Towards Sustainable Electronic Waste Management Regulation

Electronic waste contains hazardous and toxic materials which could pollute the environment and endanger humans, therefore it requires special management. In Indonesia, Law No. 18 of 2008 concerning Waste Management has not specifically regulated the management of electronic waste. This article explores how circular economy concept are applied in Indonesia's waste management laws, specifically addressing electronic waste. The results of the study found that the waste management model in Indonesia, which generally accumulates waste in Final Disposal Sites, could not be a long-term solution for electronic waste. Based on circular economy principles, every product must be utilized optimally both as a product and as an ingredient by recycling. Recycle in an economy circular also known in Law No. 18 of 2008. The recycling method needs to be applied to electronic waste, purposed to reduce pollution caused by electronic waste, as well as reduce hazardous content due to the production process. Indonesia is still lacking in terms of electronic waste regulation.

ІНСТИТУЦІЙНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ УПРАВЛІННЯ ПОБУТОВИМИ ВІДХОДАМИ

The article examines the main results of the legislative reform in Ukraineʼs municipal waste management sector. It identifies key issues hindering the effective implementation of new legislative norms, such as bureaucratic obstacles, insufficient funding, and the ongoing war. The roles of the national, regional, and local levels of government in the municipal waste management process are analyzed, highlighting the necessity of their interaction. The importance of coordinating actions among all stakeholders to ensure sustainable development and effective municipal waste management is emphasized. Ukraine’s Constitution, adopted in 1996, laid the foundation for a legal state and established fundamental principles of environmental safety, including the right to a safe environment and the state’s duty to maintain ecological balance. However, the previous Waste Management Law, despite being in effect for over 20 years, was ineffective due to a lack of systematic approach, poor coordination, and outdated infrastructure. In response to these challenges, the government initiated a comprehensive legislative reform to align with European standards and improve coordination. The new Waste Management Law, adopted in 2023, aims to address these issues. However, many necessary changes are still in progress, delayed by bureaucratic obstacles and the ongoing war, which has shifted government priorities towards national security. A critical challenge remains the coordination of actions between different levels of government and waste management entities. Effective waste management requires close interaction between national, regional, and local levels, encompassing infrastructure development, waste collection, transportation, and resource allocation. Such coordination is crucial for achieving sustainable development and environmental safety in Ukraine. The article underscores the need for special procedures to accelerate the approval of critically important environmental legislation. While international organizations often push necessary decisions, aligning national strategies with European integration and funding conditions, the active role of national, regional, and local authorities is essential. Improved cooperation and communication among all levels of government and stakeholders can significantly enhance the efficiency of municipal waste management systems in Ukraine.

Review of the Existing Organic Waste Management Situation in Kerala

In India, the rapid economic development has resulted in a change in the lifestyle of urban dwellers, which has changed the composition of the waste generated. Due to the high volume of waste generated, the collection, transportation, and disposal stream requires a highly efficient system. It requires knowledge of what the wastes are comprised of, how they need to be collected and disposed of, and the participation of citizens, local governments, and private entrepreneurs. With the vision to transform Kerala into a garbagefree state and achieve full-scale environmental health, Kerala has notified the principle of 3Rs in the State Policy on Solid Waste Management. As per Suchitwa Mission annual report 2019-2020, in the year 2019-2020 Kerala has generated 10,044 TPD of Municipal Solid Waste. With a population growth rate of approximately 10.24%, Kerala could generate 16,565 TPD of waste in 2036. This increase in waste generation could put substantial pressure on the existing waste management system of Kerala. Thus, there is a greater need to investigate alternative waste management options and expand the capacity of the waste management system in Kerala. Landfills have also been widely unsuccessful in the state of Kerala. According to the Suchitwa mission' s latest data, Kerala has 51 notified dumpsites of which only 31 are in operation and 14 dumpsites have a volume≤ 800 m3. Additionally few dumpsites are very close to human settlements and located close to each other. In the current article a detailed review of the waste generation, composition, organic waste treatment and disposal methods are made, and gaps in the present waste management practice are outlined. The identified gaps are examined to fulfill the defined requirements in the solid waste management law of the respective state and the comprehensive rules laid down by the Government of India (Gol) in its Solid Waste Management Rules 2016.

INOVASI MENUJU LINGKUNGAN BERSIH DAN BERKELANJUTAN DI KOTA PONTIANAK

Waste is defined as material that is not used, sought, admired, or produced by human activity and is not clearly understood. According to the Waste Management Law Number 18 of 2008, waste is raw material originating from daily human activities and/or natural processes. One of the aims of this research is to find out how Pontianak City can produce a clean and sustainable environment. This research uses a type of library research, where data is collected through journals, books, and literature articles. The research results show that three steps can be taken by the community and government of Pontianak City to create a clean and sustainable environment: waste management, outreach and training, and substantial.

The Processing of Household Waste by Residents of Griya Serpong Housing Complex, Serpong Sub-District, South Tangerang, Indonesia, in Compliance With Law Number 18 of 2008 and Law Number 32 of 2018

The Waste Management Law Number 18 of 2008 mandates waste management at various levels, including producers, communities, industrial areas, traditional markets, and malls. Local government administrations in regencies and cities need to create or revise regional regulations (Perda) and design a communal-based waste management masterplan. Until now, waste management has largely been centralized, with an open dumping system at the final disposal site, which ended in 2013. There are three forms of urban waste management: centralization, decentralization, and centralization-decentralization. An ideal waste management pattern is neither purely centralized nor decentralized, but rather a combination of both. Organic Waste Management Facilities (OWMF) are established at the source of dominant waste generation (initial stage), with a recycling system similar to City Waste Management Facilities (CWMF) to support and assist in marketing the products of the OWMF established by Joint Business Groups (KUB) formed by the community, known as the "self-sustaining concept." Addressing the waste problem requires an examination of the current waste management practices to identify areas where improvements and enhancements can be made, so that only waste that truly cannot be recycled ends up in the final disposal site, such as hazardous waste (B3) that is incinerated directly. This research aims to provide a solution to the waste disposal issue, which is largely centralized in Indonesia.

Iot-Sensor-Equipped Food Waste Bio-Composter to Households and to Advance Egovernment in Municipality Authorities' Waste Management Practices

Background: Finnish policymakers issued a new community waste law in 2022, that aims to increase household food waste recycling. The municipalities have launched the implementation of the waste law and are responsible for supervising the development of this new project. Problem: The implementation and supervision of the waste law increases authorities' workload and also public costs. Public servants manage the households’ compost register and carry out compost audits on-site. Challenge: The challenge is to put in place the new waste management law at the lowest public cost. Purpose: The research addresses the validation of a pioneering IT solution that supports and advances households' bio composting and aims to ease waste management authorities’ workload by fostering eGovernment. Methods: The intervention consists in delivering the IoT-sensor-equipped bio-composter and associated applications. The research adopts a mission-oriented approach, and establishes a place-based, multi-actor, participatory, and open innovation testbed at Living Lab. It leverages the Lean Startup process and SWOT analysis. The research method complies with the principles of Responsible Research and Innovation. Conclusions: The IoT-sensor-equipped bio-composter is a feasible solution. Municipality waste management authorities do not regard/consider the IoT-sensor-equipped solution as beneficial from their perspective. The eGovernment strategy is not a driver in this case since bio-composter mapping and monitoring could be a future tool for real estate maintenance companies.

The Escalation of Informal Settlement and the High Levels of Illegal Dumping Post-Apartheid: Systematic Review

Illegal disposal of solid waste is a significant issue in many parts of the world, particularly in urban areas. Because of unprecedented urbanization, these areas are crowded, putting pressure on the already inadequate municipal services such as waste management. As municipalities fail to provide adequate and effective waste management services, the expansion and proliferation of informal settlements contribute to the problem of illegal dumping. Apartheid spatial planning produced environmentally unsustainable cities characterized by glaring disparities in municipal resource allocation, disturbingly inefficient transportation systems, and widespread urban insecurity. Therefore, this study examines how the expansion of informal settlement at an unprecedented rate contributes to illegal dumping post-apartheid by conducting a systematic review. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a literature search from 1994 to 2023 was conducted in the field of waste management. The review focuses on three key aspects: (1) factors that contribute to illegal dumping in townships; (2) waste management laws during apartheid and post apartheid; and (3) waste collection system in townships and spatial planning. South Africa’s inequality is a major contributor to environmental degradation. The situation was exacerbated by efforts to prevent urban migration and forcefully remove black people from cities; apartheid ideology justified the dormitory-like nature of urban townships. In the South African context, the literature reveals that there is a research gap in the application of technologies and effective waste management plans to keep up with the growing number of informal settlements. Furthermore, despite progressive environmental policies, implementation has been ineffective. This study offers valuable evidence on the spatial and temporal dynamics of informal settlements, addressing both the location and time aspects. A robust government-led Community Participation in Solid Waste Management program is required immediately.

Waste management without direction in Indonesia: a proposed legal reform towards smart cities

This article delves into the regulation of municipal solid waste management (MSW) in Indonesia, viewed from the concepts of smart city and circular economy. The legal politics of Law Number 18 of 2008 on Waste Management has been restricted to the concept of 3Rs: reduce, reuse, and recycle. The idea of a circular economy refers to the principle of 10 Rs, consisting of refuse, rethink, reduce, reuse, repair, refurbish, remanufacture, repurpose, recycle, and recover. The concept of circular economy is believed to be essential to achieving the decarbonization goals mandated by the Paris Agreement. With a socio-legal approach, this research examines to what extent Waste Management Law can serve as the basis for implementing a circular economy in municipal areas. This research reveals that the concept of a circular economy has yet to be applied to manage waste in a municipal scope. Circular economy-based smart cities in MSW management can only be achieved through adequate facilities and changes in people’s behaviour. However, it is still questionable whether the Municipal Government is fully obliged to manage household waste because the Waste Management Law is silent on this matter but clearly states the community’s obligation to reduce and handle household waste as a waste producer. The division of waste-handling tasks also exacerbates this in several agencies, which, in practice, creates confusion for society. Hence, legal reforms are needed to reconcile the conflicting problems.

AerialWaste dataset for landfill discovery in aerial and satellite images

Illegal landfills are sites where garbage is dumped violating waste management laws. Aerial images enable the use of photo interpretation for territory scanning and landfill detection but this practice is hindered by the manual nature of this task which also requires expert knowledge. Deep Learning methods can help capture the analysts’ expertise and build automated landfill discovery tools. However, this goal requires public high-quality datasets for model training and testing. At present no such datasets exist and this gap penalizes the research toward scalable and accurate landfill discovery methods. We present a dataset for landfill detection featuring airborne, WorldView-3, and GoogleEarth images annotated by professional photo interpreters. It comprises 3,478 positive and 6,956 negative examples. Most positive instances are characterized by metadata: the type of waste, its storage mode, the type of the site, and the evidence and severity of the illicit. The dataset has been technically validated by building an accurate landfill detector and is accompanied by a visualization and annotation tool.

Suitability mapping of solid waste disposal sites in Obio/Akpor local government area: rivers state of Nigeria

Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State have constantly witnessed Rapid City growth and increased urbanization due to persistence rural-urban migration and the quest for human to meet their needs and wants. This has increased solid waste generation and unregulated dumping of solid wastes in unapproved sites. This prompted the need for this study which is aimed at mapping the suitability of solid waste sites in the study area with the objective of identifying the spatial locations and development of a database of suitability or otherwise of solid waste disposal sites. Ground survey and Geospatial techniques were utilized for data acquisition, manipulation and processing. Garmin 78csx GNSS receiver was used in observing the coordinates of ground positions of all solid waste disposal sites in the study area, the obtain coordinates were charted on the Google earth imagery (2022) and Open Street Map (OSM) (2022) to ensure the positions falls within the shape-file of the study area, On-Screen vectorization was perform using the point, line and polygon spatial tools in the QGIS 3.22 bialowieza software environment to determine the position and extent of solid waste sites under study. Proximity analysis was performed in QGIS environment for buffer of 200m, 500m and 1km to ascertain the suitability of solid waste collection centers and dumpsites base on global standard and proximity maps were produced. A total of (114) solid waste disposal sites were mapped, with (27) legal and (73) illegal collection points and (2) suitable and (12) unsuitable dumpsites respectively. The study also revealed that Elelenwo community in ward 6 has the highest (12) whereas Egbelu Ozodo community in ward 16 has the lowest (1) number of collection sites in the study area. Immediate review and enforcement of solid waste disposal and management laws is needed to forestall likely environmental hazards resulting from indiscriminate dumping of refuse in the study area.

A comprehensive review of used electrical and electronic equipment management with a focus on the circular economy-based policy-making

In recent years, technological advancements have resulted in a proliferation of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE), accompanied by a rising massive amount of used electrical and electronic equipment (UEEE). Studies show that if transboundary flows of UEEE are carried out illegally, it can be one of the reasons for the increase in the volume of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in developing countries, which necessitates urgent attention to the management of UEEE and WEEE. Toxic chemical components of WEEE can negatively impact ecosystems and human health and pose a severe threat to accomplishing sustainable development goals (SDGs). This review article provides an in-depth survey of UEEE and its differences from WEEE. UEEE is examined in detail to determine whether it is a potential toxic threat or a valuable source. If the transboundary flows of UEEE occur under legal regulations, it is a step toward a circular economy (CE), and the UEEE is recognized as a valuable resource. Otherwise, it is a potential threat to developing countries. Furthermore, the UEEE and WEEE are assessed from the perspective of international law, particularly the transboundary movement guidelines. In the following, the challenges in the transboundary flows of UEEE from developed to developing countries are mentioned. These challenges include a lack of inventory data, weak waste management policies and laws, expansion of the informal sector, and weak monitoring by law enforcement agencies for reliable environmental management. Finally, solutions to current challenges are presented. Undoubtedly, proper global management and legislation of UEEE and WEEE can help reduce the risks of e-waste and be the most effective way to achieve sustainable development goals.

Study of Medical Hazardous And Toxic (B3) Waste Management From Health Clinic

Medical waste is classified as hazardous and toxic material waste (B3) and the management of which is required to be carried by regulations established by the government. The goals of this study are to ascertain the quantity of B3 medical waste, to recognize B3 waste, and to acquire knowledge regarding the processes involved in managing B3 waste that is produced by clinical health activities. The study was conducted in one of the health clinics in Sri Katon Village, Buay Madang Timur District, East Ogan Komering Ulu Regency (East OKU), South Sumatra Province, from October to November 2021. Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that the health clinic's B3 waste management activities, including storage, supporting facilities, and infrastructure, comply all applicable B3 waste management laws and regulations. Waste management and storage activities commence with the identification of B3 waste, the storage procedure, and the packaging of B3 waste. Additional management activities in partnership with the third licensee

Evaluation of Agricultural Waste Management Mechanism in Iran

The unfavourable situation of waste management in Iran can be seen in different sectors, and agriculture is not excluded from these sectors. The wastes of the agricultural industry can be used in a beneficial way in various agricultural applications and other industrial processes. However, the cost of collection, processing, and transportation can be much higher than the income from the beneficial use of such waste. Incineration of crop residues creates numerous environmental problems. The most important side effects of burning crop residues include the emission of greenhouse gases that lead to global warming, air pollution, and things like soil degradation, loss of soil fertility, loss of beneficial microorganisms, intensification of soil erosion, etc. In the current research, which is a review based on library sources, the mechanism of agricultural waste management in Iran has been evaluated. There are other consequences of such actions. The criteria for action are laws regarding the burning of product residues in Iran, the most important of which are the Waste Management Law and the Clean Air Law. Among these methods are sustainable management methods for product residues, including compost production, biochar production, and waste management at the production site.