Waste Incineration Power Research Articles

Energy-exergy efficiencies analyses of a waste-to-power generation system combined with an ammonia-water dilution Rankine cycle

This research investigates a waste-to-energy system combined with an ammonia dilution Rankine cycle. It uses cooling-energy recycling of dissolved natural-gas to reduce the working-fluid temperature. This project includes providing a solution for calculating the calorific value of waste by proposing a novel waste incineration power generation combined cycle. The energy-exergy analyses is utilized to study the effects of critical parameters on the efficiency and determines the points with higher efficiencies than the conventional steam Rankine cycle. Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software is used for delivering such accurate outlines. The ammonia dilution distillation temperature and the turbine's inlet and outlet pressures are considered vital parameters. The results revealed that mutually energy and exergy efficiencies rise as the ammonia solution's distillation temperature decreases. Besides, by increasing the inlet turbine pressure, the energy and exergy efficiencies increase. In addition, as the output pressure of the turbine increases, the combined cycle's energy efficiency decreases while the exergy efficiency increases.

Low Temperature SCR Cost Evaluation in Solid Waste Incineration Power Plant

To meet the increasingly strict emission control requirement, low temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system is adopted in some waste incineration power plant because of the limited denitrification capability of selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) system in boiler furnace. The article evaluated the increased cost per ton of waste when SCR system is equipped on a 2×400t/d waste incineration power plant in Henan province. The total cost of SCR system, including construction period and operation period, per ton of solid waste is about 37 yuan.

Research Progress on High Temperature Corrosion Mechanism of Waste Incineration Power Generation Boiler

Waste incineration power generation is a main method of waste disposal, and high temperature corrosion has always been a key issue restricting the development of this technology. This paper reviews the research progress of high temperature corrosion mechanism of waste incineration boilers. Based on the chemical reaction of high temperature corrosion of chloride, the mechanism of chloride corrosion of boiler metal fittings is discussed. The analysis results show that the high-temperature flue gas corrosion mainly includes HCl gas corrosion, molten salt corrosion and sulfide corrosion. In addition, the analysis of the high-temperature soot corrosion mechanism shows that the corrosion behavior of the heated surface in the presence of sintered ash is stress cracking corrosion. This is the result of the combined effect of the stress destruction of dense sintered ash and the ion diffusion corrosion reaction of chlorine in the ash.

Principle and protective measures of high temperature corrosion of garbage incineration boiler

With the increasing amount of garbage, the environmental pressure is increasing. Waste incineration power generation technology has become the main way to deal with waste. However, due to the complex and variable composition of waste and the large amount of chlorine contained in the waste, the high temperature corrosion of the heating surface of the waste boiler is much more serious than that of the coal-fired boiler. This article sorts out the high-temperature corrosion mechanism of the heating surface of the waste incineration boiler, and summarizes the relevant protective measures.

Optimal design of a large-span spatial structure based on dynamic elastic-plastic analysis

With the expansion of the urban areas and the rapid growth of the urban population, the disposal of large amounts of domestic waste has become a problem faced by large cities. To solve this problem, many MSW incineration power plants have been continuously built. As a typical large-span spatial structure of waste incineration power plant, how to achieve economic, beautiful, and environmentally friendly design goals under the premise of meeting the requirements of the production process is an important problem currently facing. In this paper, a structural design optimization method based on damage index is proposed. Taking a large-span mixed structure of a MSW incineration power plant as an example, the paper firstly uses the dynamic elastic-plastic time history analysis method to evaluate its seismic performance, and then optimizes the structure according to the damage degree of the structure under small and large earthquakes design. The results show that under the premise of meeting the requirements of the code, this method can ensure that the degree of structural damage under the earthquake remains almost unchanged, while significantly reducing the amount of building materials and reducing the cost. At the same time, this method is more direct, simple, and effective than optimization design methods based on experience and internal forces of structural members.

High Temperature Corrosion Protection of Heating Surface Metals of Waste Incineration Power Generation Boilers: A Review

Waste incineration power generation technology is the main trend in the treatment of urban solid waste. The thermal corrosion protection of boiler water-cooled walls and superheater tube walls is a key issue that restricts the stable operation of garbage incinerators. This article outlines typical surface protection technologies in the field of boiler high-temperature corrosion protection, including hardfacing, thermal spraying, remelting, etc. In addition, the characteristics of these anti-corrosion technologies were evaluated, and their application prospects were prospected. Hardfacing is widely used, but it is also facing the challenge of other methods; among the commonly used thermal spraying technologies, supersonic flame spraying is a more reliable technical solution; in laser remelting, high frequency induction remelting, flame remelting Among various remelting technologies such as melting and integral heating remelting, high-frequency induction remelting has shown great development potential.

A comparison between a natural gas power plant and a municipal solid waste incineration power plant based on an emergy analysis

This paper performs an emergy analysis (EmA) to compare two real power plants include a conventional natural gas steam power plant (NGPP) with one that burns municipal solid waste (MSWPP). For this purpose, the EmA is used to investigate the sustainability, renewability, environmental impacts, and economic issues. The capacity of the NGPP and MSWPP are 247.5 and 3 MW, respectively. Results from this study show that the percent of renewability (PR) and emergy sustainability index (ESI) of the MSWPP are much more than those of the NGPP. The PR and ESI of the MSWPP are 46.81 and 1.65, while for the NGPP are 5.01 and 0.05, respectively. It is proved that the MSWPP is more efficient and has the better environmental impacts compared to the NGPP. Moreover, a hypothetical MSWPP with the same electricity output of the NGPP is studied using the EmA. A more efficient system with the higher PR and ESI is observed compared to the other case studies. Beside of these advantages, use of the MSW has other benefits such as reducing the greenhouse gases released in the atmosphere, saving fossil fuels, low land area required compared to the landfill, speed and ease of disposal, and production of clean and useful ash.

Planning and Optimal Scheduling Method of Regional Integrated Energy System Based on Gray Wolf Optimizer Algorithm

For the regional integrated energy system (RIES) with multi-energy complementary, it is key to plan and optimize scheduling, which can improve energy efficiency. This paper focuses on the planning and scheduling of the RIES with self-provided waste incineration power plant. A bi-level mathematical model of the RIES with electricity, heat, cooling and gas interconnection is built. The upper level takes the minimum annual comprehensive cost as the optimization objective to find the optimal configuration. Based on the configuration scheme provided by the upper level, the optimized scheduling scheme under the economic and environmental indicators is developed by using some constrains, such as the supply and demand balance and equipment output operation. At the same time, the policy subsidy of self-provided waste incineration power plant and the transaction cost of pollutant emission are considered in the optimal scheduling. Then the gray wolf optimizer algorithm is proposed to solve the bi-level optimization problem. The effectiveness and superiority of the planning and optimal sheduling model proposed are demonstrated by analyses in typical scene.

Investigation and analysis of occupational hazards and control measures in waste incineration power generation enterprises

Objective: To investigate occupational hazards in waste incineration power generation enterprises. Methods: From May 2016 to September 2018, four garbage incineration power generation enterprises in different regions and scales were selected as the survey objects. Investigated and analyzed the types of occupational hazards, workplace distribution and occupational disease prevention facilities and the concentration (intensity) of major types of work and workplace occupational hazards were also improved Line detection and analysis. Results: Silica dust could be seen in slag tank, slag sorting and crusher operation position. The concentration of silica dust in each workplace fluctuates within 0.3-1.1 mg/m(3). Both the concentration of silica dust in the workplace and the time weighted average allowable concentration (C-TWA) of dust exposure of dust exposed workers were detected, but none of them exceeds the requirements of the national occupational exposure limit. Carbon monoxide, ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, non methane total hydrocarbon, formaldehyde, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen cyanide, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide and ozone were detected, but all meet the requirements of national occupational exposure limit. The 8-hour equivalent a sound level (L(ex·8h)) over 85 dB (A) mainly includes boiler, steam turbine, electrical inspector and auxiliary value of water treatment. Conclusion: The occupational hazards of waste incineration power generation enterprises are serious. Occupational health management and occupational health monitoring to reduce their occupational hazards to workers.

Purification System of Domestic Waste Incineration Flue Gas

Flue gas will be emitted during the waste incineration power generation process. The flue gas contains toxic and harmful ingredients. If it is not treated, it will cause serious harm to human health and the environment. Therefore, the incineration flue gas needs to be purified. In this paper, combined with the monitoring of a large-scale waste incineration power plant incinerator flue gas purification treatment project, the combined process of “in-furnace denitrification (SNCR) + semi-dry deacidification + slaked lime and activated carbon (dry process) injection + bag filter”. The purification effect of flue gas shows that the process has a good purification effect on domestic waste incineration flue gas. This study can provide reference and basis for the treatment of incineration flue gas in the industry.

Heat transfer and ash deposition performance of heat exchange surface in waste incineration flue gas

The combination of municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration power generation and waste heat utilization is an effective way of resource utilization, but low temperature corrosion and ash deposition seriously restrict the waste heat utilization of waste incineration flue gas. In this study, an experimental platform was set up in a MSW incineration power plant. Through experiments, macroscopic morphology and microscopic characterization of solid particle deposition were explored, and the macroscopic effects of heat transfer deterioration and low temperature corrosion on the equipment were analyzed. It provides a basis for exploring the coupling mechanism between the complex acid gases condensation and the complex solid particles deposition. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis were carried out on the ash samples obtained from the experiment, and the results were analyzed with the experimental phenomena and data. Through analysis, two turning points of ash deposit performance were found. The ash deposit layer was divided into three categories, and the characteristics of different ash deposit layers were described. The object of this experiment is waste incineration flue gas, which is different from coal-fired flue gas and biomass-fired flue gas in previous studies. The conclusions obtained from the experiments provide a possibility to break through the low temperature corrosion caused by the condensation of complex acid gases and the deterioration of heat transfer caused by the deposition of complex solid particles, and provides a theoretical basis for waste heat utilization of waste incineration flue gas.

Thermodynamics, economic and environmental analyses of a hybrid waste–solar thermal power plant

A novel hybrid configuration of solar parabolic trough collectors–waste incineration power plant was recently analyzed energetically in Denmark. Taking into account the true meaning of sustainability which is environmental friendliness and cost-effectiveness, and considering the existing gap of knowledge on the thermodynamic performance aspects of this hybrid system, this work conducts a thorough thermodynamic and sustainability analysis of this power plant. The main aim is to give a clear picture of the main advantages and any possible shortcomings of the hybrid power plant. For this purpose, the performance of the system is simulated for an entire year of operation under realistic solar irradiation fluctuations. The energy performance indices of the system are quantified and discussed. The exergy assessment of the hybrid cycle is accomplished, and the main sources of exergy destruction and economic losses are identified. The results show that the steam generator and the turbine cause the largest rates of irreversibilities of 36% and 20.8%. The environmental benefits and the overall cost of energy production of the system are calculated and compared to some other alternative power plants. In addition to the consistency of electricity production, the LCOE of the hybrid power plant decreases by 67% in comparison with the solar power plant. Comparing the system with a natural gas-fired power plant in terms of CO2 emission, it is shown that the hybrid system leads to less 74.5 thousand tonnes of CO2 emitted over an entire year.

Design and performance evaluation of a new waste incineration power system integrated with a supercritical CO2 power cycle and a coal-fired power plant

A novel waste incineration power system highly integrated with a supercritical CO2 power cycle and a coal-fired power plant has been developed. In the hybrid configuration, the supercritical CO2 cycle gains energy from the superheater of the waste-to-energy (WTE) boiler, and the saturated steam produced by the WTE boiler is employed to heat the feedwater of the coal power plant. Consequently, the cascade energy utilization of the waste can be realized with the improvement of the WTE process. The performance of the proposed integrated scheme was thermodynamically and economically evaluated as compared to the conventional separate scheme, based on a 500 t/d incineration unit and a 300 MW coal power plant. The results indicate that the waste-to-electricity efficiency is promoted by 8.34 percentage points with an additional net power output of 3.33 MW, when adopting the proposal. The total exergy efficiency and the exergy efficiency of waste-to-electricity are increased by 0.43 and 7.88 percentage points. Additionally, the proposed system performs excellently under various boiler loads. Due to the integration, the net present value of the WTE project rises by 18.17 M$ and the dynamic payback period is reduced by 4.20 years. Therefore, the new design is extremely feasible and profitable.

Exploring the “not in my backyard” effect in the construction of waste incineration power plants - based on a survey in metropolises of China

Waste incineration power plants have become the best option in face of the increasing amount of garbage in China's cities. However, constructing waste incineration power plants will cause “not in my backyard” (NIMBY) effect in the public. To identify variables causing this effect and measure the effect quantitatively, we designed and carried out a random survey in four metropolises in China. Of the 3133 questionnaires distributed, 3066 are thought to be effective. Males, persons with higher educational levels, or with higher income, or having underaged children in their families, or thinking their neighborhoods are upscale ones are willing to pay more to avoid the construction of waste incineration power plants in their surroundings than others. In addition, provided that the respondents deem that the construction of waste incineration power plants would have an impact on their lives, they are willing to pay more no matter they own their departments or not. Finally, the estimated willingness to pay (WTP) to avoid the waste incineration power plants is 105 yuan to 133 yuan per month. Hence, the government should treat the NIMBY syndrome well in the construction of waste incineration power plants, with WTP being one perspective to persuade the public.

Exploring biomass power generation’s development under encouraged policies in China

Biomass power generation is a resource-friendly, environment-friendly industry that requires policy support. Our contribution lies in that we proposed a system dynamics model to analysis the development of biomass power generation under emission trading scheme and investment subsidy in China. To our best knowledge, there is no research about this issue by system dynamics now. We found that (1) Due to the resource limitation, the trends of installed capacity of straw and waste incineration power generation in all scenarios are characterized by an “S” shape. (2) In the early stages of development, when two policies are issued simultaneously, they can reinforce each other. As time goes by, when biomass power generation is basically mature, two kinds of policies will weaken each other. (3) The change of investment subsidy has a greater impact than the change of emission trading price. In addition, waste and straw power generations are more sensitive to an increased subsidy than to a decreased subsidy. Waste power is more sensitive to an increased permit price, while straw power is more sensitive to a decreased permit price. The results and policy implications in this paper can help Chinese government to establish policy schemes for developing biomass power generation.

Influence of flue gas recirculation on the performance of incinerator-waste heat boiler and NOx emission in a 500 t/d waste-to-energy plant

The flue gas composition and the flue gas temperature at outlet of the economizer were tested, and the influence of flue gas recirculation (FGR) on the efficiency of the incinerator-waste heat boiler and NOx emission in a waste incineration power plant with a waste disposal capacity of 500 t/d was explored experimentally. The results indicate that the largest proportion of the total heat loss is the exhaust heat loss under different loads, and the next is the heat loss of slag. Within the test range, the efficiency of the incinerator-waste heat boiler increases from 80.26% to 80.42% as the ratio of the recirculating flue gas increases from 0 to 16.43%. The oxygen content in the flue gas and FGR have significant influence on NOx emissions. The NOx concentration at outlet of the economizer increases from 209.54 mg/m3 to 307.30 mg/m3, that is an increase of 46.65%, when the oxygen content at outlet of the economizer increases from 4.52% to 8.00%. Compared with the shutdown of FGR system, the NOx concentration at outlet of the economizer decreases from 209.54 mg/m3 to 126.15 mg/m3 when the FGR valve is fully opened. The results have important reference significance for the design of incinerator-waste heat boiler and the optimal operation of power plant.

A fuzzy analysis framework for waste incineration power plant comprehensive benefit evaluation from refuse classification perspective

The waste-to-energy project has been concerned a lot due to its environmental friendliness. With the implementation of refuse classification, the utilization rate of resources has been improved and the comprehensive benefit of incineration power plant has been impacted as well. Thus, to assess the incineration power plant performance from refuse classification perspective, the article constructs a complete decision framework. Firstly, 13 sub-criteria are identified into 3 categories and the hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets (HFLTS) is employed to ensure the completeness of evaluation information. Secondly, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and entropy method are combined to obtain the indexes weights, avoiding the subjectivity in weight judgment. Thirdly, based on principle of fuzzy relation synthesis, fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE) method is used to calculate the final result. A case study is carried out to validate the applicability of the proposed framework. In addition, the article puts forward suggestions in economics, environment and society to improve the overall benefit of incineration power plant. From a new perspective, this paper provides a theoretical reference for the future development of incineration power plants and expands literature in benefit evaluation.

Corrosion behavior of 2205 stainless steel in simulated flue gas condensate with different chloride concentrations in a waste incineration power plant

AbstractThe effect of Cl− on the initial corrosion behavior of 2205 duplex stainless steel (2205 DSS) in simulated flue gas condensate from a waste incineration power plant was investigated using Mott–Schottky plot, micro‐area electrochemical methods, and microscopic surface morphology observation. The results show that at 150°C, the carrier concentration of the 2205 DSS passive film was maintained at a small value and changed little when the Cl− concentration is less than 25 g/L, indicating that it has good pitting resistance. When the Cl− concentration reaches 30 g/L and above, the carrier concentration of the passive film increases remarkably, and pitting corrosion appears on the 2205 DSS surface. At 180°C, there is no obvious pitting on the surface when the Cl− concentration is not more than 15 g/L. When the Cl− concentration is 20 g/L or above, the carrier concentration of the passive film significantly increases, and pitting corrosion appears on the surface. When the Cl− concentration reaches 30 g/L, the carrier concentration of the passive film increases sharply. The passive film on a 2205 DSS surface is seriously damaged and accompanied by the occurrence of uniform corrosion.

Video Based Combustion State Identification for Municipal Solid Waste Incineration

As a means of secondary utilization of resources, waste incineration power generation has received more and more attention in recent years. However, due to various uncertainties, municipal solid waste(MSW) combustion is unstable. Owing to the large time-delay from the combustion state to conventional process measurements, it is difficult to reflect the combustion state of the incinerator. This paper uses a combustion video stream to identify the combustion state in real-time. The PCA-k-means clustering method is proposed to cluster different combustion states to distinguish abnormal flames from normal ones, which do not need any operators’ attention. Based on the clustering, alarms on abnormal combustion states can be implemented to alert an operator to adjust incinerator operation conditions so that the desired combustion state can be achieved.

A RESEARCH ON VALUE EVALUATION OF GARBAGE INCINERATION POWER GENERATION PROJECT BASED ON B-S MODEL

With the development of the economy and the accelerated process of urbanization, the amount of waste, such as domestic waste and industrial waste, is increasing rapidly, and the municipal solid waste is becoming a huge problem that hinders the development of the city. However, in the academia, there is no systematic evaluation method for the garbage incineration power generation project. So if we just simply apply the traditional evaluation method to the project, we would ignore the strategic value and ecological value of the project investment. Therefore, it is an urgent problem to find a new method of project valuation. In this paper, the B-S model of the option pricing model is selected, and on this basis, the market and policy factors that affect the model results are proposed. It is considered that the waste incineration power has the value of evaluation and the possibility of evaluating the results.