Waste Incineration Power Generation Research Articles

Corrosion performance of (ZrYTaAlCr)O ceramic coating materials for heated surface tubes

The comprehensive advantages of waste incineration power generation are evident, gradually replacing composting, landfill, and other treatment methods. However, the presence of chlorine, sulfur, heavy metals, and a variety of hazardous elements in the flue gas has led to severe corrosion of the heated surface tubes of the waste incineration boilers and an increase in the failure rate of the boilers, thus restricting the wider application of waste incineration power generation technology. In this study, (ZrYTaAlCr)O high-entropy ceramic materials were synthesized via the solid-phase reaction method and subjected to exposure in a standard corrosive mixture (SCM) simulating the molten salts environment of waste incineration boilers, consisting of NaCl (25 mol%), KCl (25 mol%), Na2SO4 (25 mol%), and K2SO4 (25 mol%). The corrosion behavior of (ZrYTaAlCr)O ceramics with different proportions was studied through visual detection, corrosion kinetics, XRD, and SEM/EDS analysis. The results show that (Zr0.5Y0.125Ta0.125Al0.125Cr0.125)O forms a NaTaO3 tantalate protective layer in the early stages of corrosion, with fewer types of corrosion products. Compared with other compositions, (Zr0.5Y0.125Ta0.125Al0.125Cr0.125)O has good corrosion resistance and is suitable as a corrosion protection material for the heating surface tubes of waste incineration boilers.

Performance analysis of a new compressed air energy storage system coupled with the municipal solid waste power generation systems

In order to improve the performance of the compressed air energy storage (CAES) system, a novel design is proposed: the CAES system is combined with the municipal solid waste power generation systems, including a waste incineration power generation system and a biogas power generation system. During the charging process, the feedwater and the condensate from the waste incineration power generation system are used to cool the compressed air. During the discharge process, the released compressed air is heated by the flue gas from the waste incineration power generation system, and the high-temperature compressed air works in the expander. Finally, the expanded air from the expander is fed into the combustor of the biogas power generation system, thus replacing the compressor of the gas cycle. Through the system integration, the efficiency of the CAES system is improved, and some equipment of the original CAES system is reduced. Based on the systems simulation, energy analysis, exergy analysis, economic analysis, and sensitivity analysis are performed. As a result, for the CAES subsystem, the round-trip efficiency, the energy storage density, and the exergy efficiency can reach 75.32 %, 14.10 MJ/m3, and 74.31 %. Besides, the dynamic payback period can reach 6.82 years.

Corrosion of Ni-based alloy coatings prepared by laser cladding in high-temperature chloride environment

Due to the complex incineration environment of waste incineration power generation boilers generates large amounts of acidic gases (such as Cl2 and HCl) and alkali metal chlorides (such as NaCl and KCl), leading to boiler corrosion failure. Herein, a new type of NiCrAlTi alloy coatings was deposited on 304 stainless steel surfaces by laser cladding technology. High-temperature corrosion experiments were then carried out at 650 °C for 64 h and the results were compared with those of traditional Inconel625 alloy coating. The high-temperature chloride corrosion mechanism and the corrosion resistance of alloy coatings were examined. The results revealed the decomposition of chlorides, such as HCl, NaCl, and KCl into Cl2 at high temperatures as the source of corrosion of high-temperature chlorides. The released C12 reacted with the metals present in the coating to form nonprotective metal chlorides. The low melting point and high vapor pressure of metal chlorides allowed their transition into a gaseous state to diffuse outward and oxidize into Cl2. In turn, the released Cl2 reacted with the metal to induce corrosion. During the corrosion process of NiCrAlTi alloy coating, a Cr depletion zone was induced, and a continuous Al2O3/TiO2/Cr2O3 three-layer protective film was formed on the coating surface, conducive to better alleviating the corrosion caused by the reaction between Cl2 passing through the film and the metal substrate. Under the conditions of this experiment, the corrosion resistance of NiCrAlTi alloy coating is 1.8 times that of the common material 304 stainless steel, and about 1.2 times that of Incon625 alloy coating. With the extension of the experiment, its corrosion resistance will be better. Overall, rich experimental data and theoretical guidance were provided for further research and development on high-temperature chloride corrosion-resistant alloys or coating materials for high-efficiency cost-effectiveness boilers.

Risk Management Strategies for Waste-to-Energy Projects Utilizing BOT Models

Since the 1990s, with the implementation of the reform and opening up policy, the rapid development of China's economy, the progress of urbanization is getting faster and faster, and as one of the urban wastes, the treatment of domestic waste has also attracted more and more attention. The municipal solid waste incineration treatment, and the heat generated after combustion is used to generate electricity, referred to as "garbage incineration power generation", because this way can make the waste to reduce, harmless, and can be converted into part of the electricity, because it is widely used in the treatment of municipal solid waste by local governments. Due to the shortage of government funds, most domestic waste incineration projects are implemented in BOT mode. Waste incineration power generation projects are often a large investment, for investors, the recovery period is long, the technical requirements are high, the investment agreement signed with the government is also very complex, coupled with the imperfect supporting laws and policies in China, so that the process of waste incineration power generation projects have many problems and risks, through the operation, construction, investment and other links. Based on the theoretical content of risk management in project management and combined with practical cases, this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for important risks in the project, so as to analyze and discuss the risks of garbage incineration BOT project. Firstly, this paper investigates and collates the research situation of relevant projects at home and abroad, and systematically summarizes the project research results from three aspects, namely, BOT risk management of waste incineration power generation projects, BOT model of projects and BOT project risk research. Secondly, the multi-case study method was used to analyze the risks of 3 typical waste-to-power generation BOT projects, collect risk factors, construct risk aggregation, and summarize 5 types of key risks and 14 kinds of risks. Then, according to the BOT agreement signed with the government side, the specific risk management method is proposed. The goal of this study is the LF waste incineration power generation project. The author participated in the project and identified and evaluated the project risks through risk list and hierarchical analysis, so as to find out the main risks in the project such as government risk, public opinion risk, completion risk and operational risk. In addition, in combination with the project risk, specific risk coping strategies are proposed according to the risk coping strategies proposed in the paper and the actual situation of the project, so as to reduce the degree of project risk and reduce risk losses. For other similar projects in China, there is reference and reference significance and value.

Simultaneous economic and exergetic optimization of a municipal solid waste incineration plant for sustainable power generation

Simultaneous economic and exergetic optimization of a Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) incineration power generation plant is performed in this research for reaching the higher power production, lower payback period and higher exergy efficiency with more stringent environmental protection. To reach these goals, modeling and optimizing of MSW incineration plant were performed by the ASPEN Plus and MATLAB software respectively. The first method named exergo-economic, used a single objective function (the sum of exergy destruction cost rate and total equipment cost rate). The second method used multi-objective optimization with two objective functions (the total equipment cost rate and exergy efficiency). Results of applying the exergo-economic optimizing for a local MSW plant with feeding rate of 30 ton/hr provided a system which increased the power generation for about 0.65% and decreased the payback period for 0.2 year in comparison with that for a single economic optimization method.Results showed that for generating the same power output from MSW plant (10139.5 kW), 44,116,660 m3/year natural gas fuel with 7,824,371 $/year fuel cost was required.Finally, the flue gas cleaning and carbon dioxide removal systems were also modeled for the optimum designed MSW incineration plant.

Expansion decision making of waste-to-energy combined heat and power project: A growth option perspective

Combined heat and power is an inevitable trend in the development of waste-to-power industry. Many waste incineration power generation projects that have already put into operation in China are waiting for transition and upgrading to combined heat and power projects. From a growth option perspective, this paper considers the irreversible process and uncertainty in economic benefits, introduces carbon emission trading mechanism and develops the growth option theory to design the expansion decision making model of waste-to-energy combined heat and power projects, so as to obtain the project value and find the optimal expansion timing. In this paper, a case study is carried out on the expansion decision making of a waste-to-energy combined heat and power project in Shandong Province in China. And two scenarios with specific and flexible expansion times are developed from European and American options separately, as European options require investors to expand at a certain time but American options not. The results indicate that 1) real option approach successfully improves the project value through considering uncertainty, and American option can achieve the optimal expansion time, 2) under the carbon emission trading mechanism, the carbon price affects the expansion index, which has a positive effect on the project value, 3) the linear nature of the income and cost expansion index can help investors make judgments on expansion investments. The effectiveness of the case study implies the practicality of the expansion option method for similar projects to reach dual carbon targets in cost and benefit analysis.

The Mechanism and Countermeasures of the Impact of State Subsidy Backslide on the Efficiency of Waste-to-Energy Enterprises—A Case Study in China

The scientific investment decision model of waste incineration power generation is helpful in providing a scientific basis for the government and environmental protection enterprises to formulate reasonable waste prices. The waste incineration power generation project revenue and cost composition framework, based on the project net present value of factors affecting causality analysis, the construction of a waste incineration power generation PPP project net present value system dynamics model, and the use of Vensim PLE software, version 7.3.5, combined with the garbage power generation of listed companies, was built, and we put into use the enterprise’s financial data and the author’s research of the case of the BOT (Build–Operate–Transfer) project data to examine the validity of the model test, simulation, and sensitivity analysis. The results show that the regression of a national subsidy does not necessarily lead to a price adjustment of the waste disposal fee, and when a change in tariff subsidy occurs, the loss brought by the reduction in a feed-in tariff can be compensated by increasing the income from carbon sinks, decreasing the intensity of investment through technological advancement, improving the coefficient of waste power generation through garbage classification, and increasing the utilization of production capacity through the treatment of multiple wastes in a single or a combination of ways.

A tripartite evolutionary game analysis on China’s waste incineration projects from the perspective of responsible innovation

In the process of China’s energy transition, responsible innovation is essential to promote the sustainable development of energy projects. To explore the mechanism of multi-agent​ strategy in responsible innovation, taking waste incineration power projects in China as an example, a tripartite evolutionary game model of the government, waste incineration power firms and the surrounding public is constructed, the strategy interaction of stakeholders is analyzed and the corresponding evolution process is simulated. The findings are as follows: (1) Increasing punishment and the social and environmental benefits and the value compensation of negative externality, and decreasing the cost are conductive to make the dynamic system into evolutionarily stable strategy (1,1,1). (2) No matter how much the probability of choosing three strategies, the dynamic system will evolve into evolutionarily stable strategy (1,1,1) and have 8 strategy combination. (3) As an incentive mechanism of government, the higher subsidies and the value compensation of negative externality, the higher probability the waste incineration power generation firms and the surrounding public choosing positive strategy. The research results can be used as a reference for the government to improve incentive measures and provided with decision-making for stakeholders in responsible innovation to adjust their strategies.

Research on an Investment Decision Model of Waste Incineration Power under Demand Guarantee Policies

In order to encourage social capital to sustainably enter waste incineration power generation projects, policy-makers propose demand guarantee policies to ensure the fundamental interests of social capital. Nowadays, demand guarantee policies in China are artificially set based on industry experience and similar biomass power generation projects but lack theoretical support, thus bringing pitfalls to sustainable development. To address this issue, this paper constructs a decision model under the Real Option Approach to obtain investment triggers and guarantee level. Under lower, upper and bidirectional demand guarantee policies, this paper compares three Real Option models considering uncertain factors. The results show that demand guarantee policies usually have an excess guarantee phenomenon that affects long-term interests, and the lower demand guarantee policy can most effectively promote social capital to invest. Policy-makers can choose appropriate policies based on their demands or adjust existing guarantee policies to avoid the excessive guarantees phenomenon and attract social capital to invest in waste incineration.

Multiblock dynamic enhanced canonical correlation analysis for industrial MSW combustion state monitoring

Combustion state monitoring in industrial municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) power generation process is very difficult. There are two main reasons for this dilemma: (1) there is a large time lag between the combustion chamber and the steam generation stage; (2) reactions continue to occur and raw waste is fed into the incinerator continuously, so there are strong correlations and remarkable dynamic characteristics among process variables. The complex correlations in time and in space cause difficulties in combustion state monitoring for incinerators. Those correlations are common in industrial processes because the large scale equipment is usually needed and a whole process is realized by equipment in sequence. To overcome those difficulties, a multi-block dynamic enhanced canonical correlation analysis (MBDCCA) method is proposed to help monitor the MSWI process. Firstly, canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is extended to MBDCCA to model the MSWI process. Secondly, a combustion state online monitoring approach is designed based on the proposed MBDCCA algorithm. Finally, the proposed method is applied in an industrial MSWI plant to demonstrate the effectiveness.

Analysis and research on the thermal system of waste incineration power generation unit based on heat balance method

The thermal system of waste incineration power generation unit is simple and small in capacity, but the original parameters are few. It needs to calculate the thermal system and derive the parameters by using the conventional heat balance method to obtain the complete thermal system parameters. In this paper, an accurate and perfect thermodynamic model of waste incineration power generation is established to solve the problems of low thermal efficiency and high unit investment cost of the waste incineration power generation. To investigate the internal relationship between the incinerator unit structure, operating parameters, waste calorific value and waste combustion process, optimize the combustion status of different incinerators burning different waste, and realize its stable and efficient operation, it is necessary to study the impact of changing operating parameters and different incinerator structures on the waste incineration process, as well as the incineration law of a single incinerator unit structure burning waste with different calorific value. Based on the two-fluid model of primary oxygen supply and secondary oxygen supply, a newly developed thermodynamic model for waste incineration engineering was developed, and the direct coupling between the reciprocating grate and the incinerator was realized in the software. Using the conventional heat balance method and constant flow calculation, the flow parameters of the thermal system under the design condition are calculated through the design pressure parameters to calculate the power generation and thermal economy index of the condition; and the relevant steam extraction flow is checked and verified. The experimental results show that the net thermal efficiency of waste incineration increases from 19. 73% to 26. 40%, and the energy utilization efficiency also increases by 0. 18%. The net thermal efficiency of the optimized integrated power generation system is always higher than that of the independent power generation system more than 0.16%. The model method used in this paper can reduce the influence of incinerator arch structure on bed combustion to a greater extent, which makes the simulation results close to reality, greatly reduces the calculation cost, and is conducive to the industrial application of simulation in the field of waste incineration.

In-silico analysis of atmospheric diffusion, crop planting degrading scheme, and health risk of dioxins from a domestic waste incineration plant.

Based on a domestic waste incineration power generation project, the dioxin emission from the waste incineration plant (WIP), phytoextraction and microbial degradation of dioxins, and dioxins human health risks reduction were investigated through in-silico methods. Based on the dioxins concentrations in soil (9.97×10-9-7.00×10-5ng/g) predicted by atmospheric dispersion model system and the Level-III fugacity model, planting schemes under different wind directions were designed considering the dioxin absorption capacity and the economic benefits for crops (i.e., barley, peanut, pea, maize and wheat). The dioxins in soils can be further degraded by five crops' rhizosphere microorganisms and fertilizers, simulated through molecular dynamic simulations. The enhanced degradation rates of dioxin by rhizosphere microorganisms of five crops reached 15.70%-28.66%. Finally, healthy dietary plans were developed to reduce the risk of dioxin exposure to the sensitive populations living around WIP. Results showed that the consumption of maize, fungus, mushroom and bamboo fungus could effectively reduce dioxins toxicity to humans by 58.13%. The systematic approach developed in this study provided theoretical support for soil remediation and human health risk control of dioxins-contaminated sites.

Home / Archives / Online First / Special Issue: Transport Transition towards a Net-Zero Future Tax Burden and Influencing Factors During Waste Incineration Power PPP Project Operation

Waste incineration power generation is an effective way to treat domestic waste as a resource, an effective way to reduce carbon emissions, and an important model for developing the circular economy, practicing the spirit of emission reduction promoted by COP26. The tax burden during operation of PPP (public-private partnerships) projects in this field directly affects the selection and development of the supply model. This paper selected the data of enterprises participating in the waste incineration power generation PPP project from the Ministry of Finance's PPP project management database and the financial data of the company from the CSMAR database for the corresponding year, and used tax burden evaluation indicators to empirically analyze the tax burden of the operation period of a waste incineration power generation PPP project from the perspectives of value-added tax and enterprise income tax. It was found that the asset-liability ratio, the income capacity from electricity sales, the profitability, and whether the preferential tax policy of "three exemptions and three halves" could significantly affect the corporate income tax burden of the project had to be considered. Combined with current preferential tax policies, this paper provided targeted optimization suggestions such as emphasizing the role of a "debt tax shield", optimizing the output structure, and extending the duration of the "three exemptions and three halves" tax incentives. The research in this paper is helpful to find an effective way to reduce the tax burden of enterprises, improve the economic benefits of waste incineration power generation projects, and also provide a reference for the government to formulate more reasonable tax policies and promote a better tax system.

Constraints affecting the promotion of waste incineration power generation project in China: A perspective of improved technology acceptance model

To systematically identify constraints on the promotion of renewable energy sources (RES) projects, in this study an improved technology acceptance model (TAM) was proposed, and fifteen constraints were extracted from stakeholders view taking the waste incineration power generation project as an example. The integrated methods of Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) and Interpretive Structural Model (ISM) were jointly employed to analyze coupling effects among constraints and influence hierarchy of constraints, and to classify transfer paths among different constraints and their impact intensity on projects promotion. The targeted hierarchically intervention strategies were proposed from the perspective of controlling the key nodes of transfer paths of delayed payment of fees and public opposition, as well as general projects management. Results show that insufficient resources reserve and weak environmental awareness are the deep-rooted constraints; imperfect legal systems, mismatch between parameter setting and regional planning, over-expenditure of operational cost, and improper site selection are profound constraints; delayed payment of fees and public opposition are direct constraints. The findings suggest adequate intervention in deep-rooted constraints and profound constraints can fundamentally promote waste incineration power generation projects, and controlling the transfer paths can be an effective way to intervene the constraints on projects promotion.

Path Selection for High-quality Development of Waste Disposal Industry under Waste Charging System

During the “14th Five-Year Plan” period, China's entire domestic solid waste disposal system will be improved in an all-round way, and the development mode layout of waste incineration power generation projects as the main energy core projects will also produce outstanding advantages. Development mode layout of waste incineration power generation projects as the main energy core projects will also produce outstanding advantages. However, it will also put higher requirements on the front-end and back-end synergy of the industry chain of solid waste treatment service companies, However, it will also put higher requirements on the front-end and back-end synergy of the industry chain of solid waste treatment service companies, technological innovation and the ability to provide comprehensive system solutions, The waste charging system has also been constructed accordingly, and the fundamental purpose is to improve the service quality and efficiency of the waste treatment business. This article explains how to promote the high-quality development of the waste treatment industry from the following paths: In the vertical development field, the front-end needs to improve In the vertical development field, the front-end needs to improve the waste classification facility system, and promote the construction of facilities such as classification and transportation of waste; the terminal In the vertical development field, the front-end needs to improve the waste classification facility system, and promote the construction of facilities such as classification and transportation of waste; the terminal must continuously promote incineration treatment Capacity building, and promote the upgrading and updating of existing combustion equipment. In the field of horizontal development, collaborative management methods and diversified sustainable operation management models will be encouraged.

Research Suggestions on the Necessity and Smooth Operation of Dandong Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Power Generation Project

Research Suggestions on the Necessity and Smooth Operation of Dandong Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Power Generation Project

The Life Cycle Assessment on Mixed Incineration of High Heating Value Industrial Solid Waste with Municipal Solid Waste

The industrialization process of China has achieved remarkable economic and social development in recent decades, which companies with excessive production of industrial solid waste (ISW). It took up a large amount of land and led to potential environmental problems such as air, water, soil pollution. With the increasing awareness of environmental protection and the better vision to build a pattern of sustainable economy, the comprehensive utilization of ISW is becoming a challenging and promising research field. In this work, a waste incineration power plant in Guangdong Province, China was selected as the research object. Its novel incineration scheme by mix ISW and MSW was evaluated, which aims to improve power generation efficiency. The comprehensive environmental impact assessment of this refuse incineration-power generation technology was also carried out by life cycle assessment. Results show that for waste incineration power generation system, the numerical order of all normalization indicators is Waste Solids>EP>NOx>ADP>AP>CADP>RI>CADP (fossil fuel) >CO2> SO2>GWP>PED>COD>IWU> Water Use > NH3-N. It shows that the ash reduction and denigration system are the most worthy of optimization. And the contribution of flue gas purification to ECER index reaches 38.98%, which is the most influential link and significantly ahead of other links, as well as the most needed optimization link.

Discussion on Control and Treatment Technology of Pollutants from Waste Incineration Power Generation

Discussion on Control and Treatment Technology of Pollutants from Waste Incineration Power Generation

Life cycle assessment of environmental impact on municipal solid waste incineration power generation.

Municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration power generation is an important treatment technology, which has been widely concerned in recent years. It is of great significance to evaluate the environmental impact. This study conducted the environmental life cycle assessment of MSW incineration power plant in Yongcheng city, Henan province, China. After that, the comprehensive environmental impacts of MSW incineration power plant, landfill, and coal-fired power plant are compared. Furthermore, the energy conservation and emission reduction benefits brought by MSW incineration power plant in Yongcheng city are quantitatively analyzed. The results show that (1) the main environmental impact categories of MSW incineration power plant are human toxicity potential and acidification potential, which together account for 72.8% of the total comprehensive environmental impact. In addition, incineration is the main process of pollutant generation, which contributes 94.1% to the comprehensive environmental impact. (2) As an effective supplement to landfill and coal-fired power generation, MSW incineration power generation produces lower environmental impact. (3) Significant energy-saving and emission reduction benefits can be brought by MSW incineration power plant. Particularly, it could save energy 2.75×104 tce, reduce greenhouse gas emissions 3.43×105 t CO2-eq, and effectively reduce the emissions of various air pollutants for the local area annually.

Study on the architectural design of a new type of waste incineration power plant based on NIMBY effect

With the development of economy and urbanization, facing the dilemma of “garbage besieged city”, China’s “fourteenth five year plan” continues to focus on development and ecological protection. Waste incineration power generation is the most environmentally-friendly and efficient means of waste treatment. However, facilities such as waste incineration power plant are often faced with the problem of “NIMBY effect”. Through the analysis of typical cases at home and abroad, combined with the project practice of Foshan Gaoming District waste incineration power plant, this paper explores how to alleviate the NIMBY effect through architectural design from three aspects of appearance design, ancillary functions and external environment.