Waste In Construction Projects Research Articles

Key Factors Affecting the Implementation of Integrated Project Delivery for Lean Construction

The global construction industry suffers from increased costs, time delays, and low productivity rates. A solution to these issues is the increased application of Lean Construction (LC) and Integrated Project Delivery (IPD). LC is a way to design the production system to minimise waste and maximise the possible value generation. IPD is the practical application of LC. IPD is an approach that integrates people, systems, business structures, and practices into a process that collaboratively utilises the skills and opinions of all project participants to enhance project results. IPD aims to minimise waste in construction projects, improving health and safety, cost, schedule, and quality, and addressing the trust issues in the construction industry by attempting to promote a positive collaboration based on mutual respect. Though numerous literature is available on IPD, an in-depth analysis of the barriers to IPD has never been conducted. This study addresses this research gap and aims to present the barriers to IPD in detail. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted using 4 databases: Scopus, Emerald, ScienceDirect and International Group for LC using keywords “integrated project delivery” and “challenges”. Additional searches using synonyms such as “barriers” and “obstacles” were conducted as well; the keywords yielding the highest number of results were selected and every paper was examined to identify either explicit or implicit mention of IPD barriers. The SLR identified 222 barriers to IPD globally. The barriers were grouped into themes and separated as primary codes. The themes include Legal and Contractual, Financial, Technological, Cultural/Organisational, Collaboration and Communication, and Governmental/Political. The barriers are displayed using VOSViewer to visualise the co-occurrence of factors. The implications of this research will aid researchers and industry practitioners in understanding existing barriers comprehensively and identifying the most frequent barriers to IPD for LC in the global context.

Experimental investigation on e-waste plastic (PVC wires) bricks

This study used to focus on minimization of the usage of fine aggregate in the construction projects. Fine aggregate is not available for construction purpose and there is a very high demand for fine aggregate. To control this problem, the Electronic waste collected from Electronic waste plant is used as replacement for fine aggregate in the construction of building components. The need of this investigation is to reuse of polyisoprene (PVC Wires) deriving from e-waste used as a partial replacement for the fine aggregate to manufacture e-waste bricks which can be alternatively used for fly ash bricks. PVC is recovered from electrical cables in which copper is removed, ground and used as replacement of fine aggregate in 5,10 and 15%volume replacement. Tests like X-Ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy of the e-waste are carried out to understand its composition and molecular structure. The resulting bricks are mechanically tested. This experimental investigation resulted that the 10% replacement of E – Waste gives a maximum strength which is greater than normal sand bricks and fly – ash bricks. By using Electronic waste building components decrease the cost of construction of the project and also save the natural resources by replacing of waste in construction projects and reduce the hazards in the environment.

Reducing Reinforced Concrete Materials Waste in Construction Projects Using Building Information Modeling in Egypt

Reduced Reinforced Concrete Material Waste (RRCMW) is recognized as a major issue that must be controlled in building projects. The primary goal of the study is to demonstrate the significance of BIM in construction and the importance of BIM in reducing reinforced concrete material waste. To achieve the study's goal, a questionnaire survey is undertaken to estimate the benefit of using BIM in Egyptian building projects. According to the survey results, about 41% of respondents are believed that BIM may reduce project costs by 16% to 20% when compared to the traditional method. In addition, the proportion of variations in reinforced concrete amount survey between traditional methods (AutoCAD) and (Revit) is discovered to be 44%, with a range of 11% to 15%. Approximately 46% of respondents are believed that BIM eliminates design errors, with a percentage ranging from 21% to 25%, and about 51% are believed that BIM helps in reducing rework, with a total percentage ranging from 21% to 25%. Then, case studies of building ("Residential projects") and infrastructure ("Bridges projects") projects are analyzed to determine the difference between waste minimization using traditional methods and waste minimization using BIM. Waste management is a critical issue since it is the only approach to optimize waste throughout the project phases. As a result, factors managing (RRCMW) are extracted, and BIM software should be used to manage these factors in order to optimize waste. The relevant BIM applications are used in this case study: site utilization planning, quantity take-off, 3D coordination, visualization, digital prefabrication, design validation, "design review and clash detection," and optimized workflow and communication structure. So, based on the preceding case studies, it is discovered that using BIM is far more successful and economical than using the traditional method, because it aids in the resolution of many issues before and during construction, such as clash detection, material storage, material ordering, and so on. As a result, while BIM is not widely used in Egypt, engineers should be familiar with it because it will be a vital tool to reduce waste in the future.

Revisiting the concept of waste and its causes in construction from analytical and conceptual perspectives

The phenomenon of waste in the construction industry has received considerable attention from the project professionals since the emergence of lean construction. In the research community, however, identifying causes of waste together with waste detection and elimination in the context of construction have been addressed in a limited manner. Moreover, there are very few studies, if any, which have tried to revisit the concept of waste ontologically and to look into the causes of waste through the lens of their relation to other elements in construction projects such as delivery elements and lifecycle phases. Therefore, this study aims to fill this knowledge gap through developing a novel conceptualization of waste and exploring causes of waste in construction projects to reveal their connection to various project attributes. To do so, a systematic literature study was conducted through which relevant studies were located and analysed to achieve the purposes of this study. The findings propose a novel conceptualization of waste and value based on their overlooked components. Moreover, the results present a model which reveals the connection between the identified causes of waste and project attributes (life cycle phases, relevant party, project delivery element, and waste categories in general). The obtained results can be insightful for project practitioners and the research community to reach in-depth understanding of the waste concept.

Analysis Waste Material of Construction on Concrete Column

High-rise buildings (multi-storey buildings) are currently increasing in development, in accordance with their functions as apartments, offices, shopping centers or educational activities. In the implementation of high-rise building construction involves a lot of resources. One of the construction resources needed in large quantities is material. In the process of implementing building construction, in addition to the results obtained are buildings, but during the implementation it produces waste material. Waste material generated during the construction process not only affects the productivity of the project, but also affects the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the amount of waste material in construction, especially in column structure work in high-rise buildings. The purpose of this study was to determine the waste in construction projects, especially in reinforced concrete column structures in high-rise buildings. The object of this research is the waste material project of one of the University buildings in the city of Makassar. Waste identification is done through literature review, observation and secondary data. The waste variables reviewed in this study are wood, reinforcing steel, concrete, and bendrat wire. The sampling method in this research is purposive sampling. The results showed that the most waste material in the form of wood used in the formwork. The percentage of waste that comes from the use of wood in the formwork is around 21.9%. Furthermore, the percentage of waste originating from reinforcing steel ranges from 0.06% to 0.40%. The main cause of waste in wood as formwork, it is indicated that the demolition process is not good, so it cannot be used more than twice.

Causes of Reinforced Concrete Materials Waste in Construction Projects

Causes of Reinforced Concrete Materials Waste in Construction Projects

Identifying the Possible Measures to Minimize Material Waste Using Lean Construction

Purpose: Continuous effort to assure material management is continued to identify the possible measures to minimize material waste in construction projects based on a lean construction approach. Design/Methodology/Approach: The present study adopted Questionnaire Survey, Literature review, Study of project document for major sources of waste material, Possible Measures and Response in Scale of rating 1-5 using Relative Importance Index (RII). Findings/Result: The discoveries uncover that Some of the significant places in the lean development approaches are: Adoption of legitimate site the board strategies, Accurate and great determinations of materials to try not to wrong request, Proper capacity of materials on location is additionally one of the actions for the waste material in the lean development, Purchasing unrefined substances that are simply adequate, Reduce Recycling and Reuse of a few waste materials on site. In this review, a few elements make issues in development ventures to execution of lean development approach for the undertaking's fruition. Because of various variables, the workers for hire can't finish the task successfully. This study gives proof fair and square of measure to conquer the obstructions to execution of lean development approach in development projects. The discoveries of this study are in concurrence with the impression of clients, experts, and workers for hire about the action to defeat the hindrances to execution of the lean development approach in development projects. Originality/Value: The study contributes by assuring to Develop innovative practices and systems to control waste, delays, and cost overruns. Paper Type: Action Research.

Enhanced Subcontractors Allocation for Apartment Construction Project Applying Conceptual 4D Digital Twin Framework

The problem of optimal allocation of resources in limited circumstances to handle assigned tasks has been dealt with in a wide variety of research fields. Various research methodologies have been proposed to address uncertainties such as waiting and waste in construction projects, but they do not take into account the complexity of construction production systems. In this study, a research approach was proposed that simplified the construction production system into a work package to be serviced and a work group to provide services. In addition, a conceptual 4D digital twin framework considering the uncertainty of the construction production system was proposed. This framework includes BIM as an information model and a queuing model as a decision-making model. Through case projects, we have presented how this framework can be used for decision making in several statuses. As a result of the analysis using the performance index of the queuing model, it was possible to monitor the status of the system according to the allocation of resources. In addition, it was possible to confirm the improvement of the performance index according to the additional arrangement of the work group and the activity cycle of the work package. The framework presented in this study helps to quantitatively analyze the state of the system according to the input data based on empirical knowledge, but it has a limitation in that it cannot present an optimized resource allocation solution. Therefore, in future research, it is necessary to consider the grafting of machine learning technology that can provide optimal solutions by solving complex decision-making problems.

A Project Life-Cycle Readiness Approach to Manage Construction Waste in Jordan

The construction industry is well-known for generating the largest amount of waste amongst other industries, which significantly pollutes the environment. This study, therefore, examines the causes and sources of waste in construction projects, considering activities, inputs, and outputs of each phase of the construction projects’ lifecycle (i.e., concept, definition, deployment, and transition). Thirty semi-structured interviews were conducted with professionals in construction projects in Jordan, including architects, contractors, and project administrators. The findings reveal that waste resulting from construction projects passes across several organized operations from generation to final disposal. Furthermore, waste is generated in small amounts at the early stages of the project construction but grows as the project progresses towards the end. This paper’s key contribution is to supplement the literature on waste management solutions by providing a holistic approach to tackling waste at its root by including waste management strategies across the project lifecycle phases, not only during the construction phase. This is done with a management readiness view to develop a suitable strategy for construction waste minimization and improve the management of construction projects. This study’s practical implication is providing a holistic waste management framework for practitioners to adopt in the early stages of the project.

Impact of Information and Communication Technology on Sustainable Supply Chain and Cost Reducing of Waste Management in Slovak Construction

Sustainability in construction can be perceived across several areas. Sustainable supply chain and cost management are two of them. If this issue is addressed in the management of sustainable building materials and waste management in the implementation of construction projects, in the context of sustainability, cost management and supply chain management affect the overall success of construction projects. The aspect of sustainability is based on reducing costs and, thus, also material items. At the same time, there is a focus on the use of waste or its economic and ecological disposal. Finally, sustainability means the setting up of logistics processes. Information and communication technologies can significantly help supply chain and cost management and construction waste management. This means, on the one hand, minimizing the consumption of materials and, thus, also costs, and on the other hand, by optimally setting up the supply chain and logistics, using materials and funds efficiently and optimizing waste management. The research discusses the impact of information and communication technology on a sustainable chain and cost management on various construction projects in Slovakia. The research aims to analyze information and communication technology’s influence on a sustainable chain and cost savings of waste in construction projects. The main research hypothesis is based on the assumption that information and communication technology positively affect sustainable chain and cost management of waste in the Slovak construction industry. Data collection was performed through an online questionnaire. It contained three primary areas of data collection: The first part contained questions about the characteristics of the research sample. The second concerned the use of information and communication technologies and the third pertained to their impact on sustainability and reducing the costs of the waste management process in construction. The research samples consisted primarily of foreign companies operating in Slovakia. From the point of view of the participants in the construction project, these were developers, contractors, sub-contractors and designers. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to confirm this hypothesis. The research provides an overview of information and communication technologies and their impact on supply chain and cost management of waste in construction.

Using safety system during the design phase to minimize waste in construction projects

Achieving construction projects (CPs) with minimal waste requires not only good construction planning, but also effective management for safety and waste of resources through the project cycle. The aim of this paper is to identify and rank safety factors (SF) during the design phase (DPh) of a project that have positive effects in minimizing waste (cost, time and materials) during its construction. Data and information was gathered from available literature, structured interviews, and questionnaire conducted for 111 randomly selected construction organizations. Triangulation method to enhance the validity and reliability of the study findings was used. The research revealed 18 important SF that had positive effects on minimizing waste in CPs during the DPh. The five most important SF that should be considered to minimise waste are: capabilities and behaviour of the design team in the safety field, appropriateness of quantities and specifications for safety system (SS), appropriateness of foundation system for SS, appropriate public and special conditions for SS and appropriate electrical design for SS. The best linear model was developed on the basis of the importance index of the identified factors. A model was developed to minimize waste in CPs by using SS during the DPh. It is recommended that adequate attention must be given to safety criteria during DPh to minimize resources waste.

Application of building information modelling for reinforcement waste minimisation

The primary objective of this paper is to explain how successful implementation of building information model/modelling (BIM) can contribute to the reduction of waste in construction projects. Traditional construction processes include highly wasteful activities due to lack of automation and innovation. This paper discusses how reinforcement information can be efficiently managed through BIM to maximise coordination between project parties and using three-dimensional digital models at the site for fabrication and construction. The digital reinforcement modelling process is gaining momentum due to a great number of value additions to achieve potential savings at all stages of the project. This paper also focuses on collaboration, such as integrated project delivery to streamline the project processes and workflows to achieve greater efficiency, and de-risking the construction processes. These BIM approaches can reduce, reuse, recycle and manage the wastes generated during construction through a robust clash-resolution process, data-rich modelling, detailing and prefabrication strategies. The key benefits of BIM are to ensure 100% buildability and provide cost-effective solutions through modern approaches such as value engineering and early contractor involvement. The digital fabrication process can be used to automate the reinforcement fabrication process by establishing a link between the fabrication system and BIM models.

Implementation Phase Safety System for Minimising Construction Project Waste

The construction sector is a key component of a nation’s gross domestic product, but its inherent nature results in potentially dangerous conditions that affect the safety of all workers on construction projects (CPs). Therefore, the original idea of the research is to determine the relationship between safety system (SS) during the implementation phase (IPh) of CPs and the minimisation of waste (materials, time and cost). Achieving a lean construction work requires suitable planning, safety considerations and waste resource minimisation throughout the project cycle. This research aims to identify and rank the safety factors during the IPh of a CP, which will have positive effects on minimising waste. Information and data were gathered from the existing literature and the structured interviews and questionnaire survey conducted among 111 randomly selected construction companies. Questionnaire results were evaluated using statistical tools, such as hypothesis testing, analysis of variance and linear regression. This research identified and ranked 24 important safety factors with positive effects on minimising waste in CPs during IPh. The seven most important safety factors that should be considered to minimise material, time and cost wastage are as follows: handling, management, external factors, workers, procurement, site condition and appropriate scaffolding for SS. The best linear model was developed on the basis of the importance index of the identified factors. This model can predict the minimisation of waste (materials, time and cost) in CPs by using SS. Thus, the safety criteria and SS should be used during IPh to minimise waste on the basis of the developed model.

A Conceptual Model for a Safety-Based Theory of Lean Construction

The construction industry is one of the most fatal industries, so it is important to pay more attention to safety solutions. Even though work-related accidents are known as a major waste in construction projects, little attention has been paid so far to incorporating safety into the lean construction framework. In this research, lean construction theory is reviewed through the lens of safety. That being so, the identified challenges in previous research on improving safety in construction projects are categorized, and those related to the concept of lean project delivery are introduced. Then, the principles of the lean construction framework are explained, and the relevant changes for incorporating safety into the framework are introduced and discussed. The proposed model includes a new approach to the Transformation-Flow-Value framework, in order to pay particular attention to safety in construction projects as one of the factors affecting the success of projects, and achieving optimal value for stakeholders. It is expected that this hybrid model would further enrich the lean construction framework. The careful attention of project executives to this model may improve the safety situation in construction projects. The conceptual model presented in this study can be used in the decision making process for project managers as well as research into optimization of safety costs, and eliminating waste (including models for optimizing the movement of machinery, controlling and reducing rework, and designing the site layout).

Understanding Factors Influencing Project Managers’ Behavioral Intentions to Reduce Waste in Construction Projects

Understanding Factors Influencing Project Managers’ Behavioral Intentions to Reduce Waste in Construction Projects

Critical design factors for minimising waste in construction projects: A structural equation modelling approach

Notwithstanding that efforts made at the design stage of building construction projects have significant impacts on project outcome, most waste management efforts are usually focused on construction stage. This is albeit the understanding that construction waste could be significantly reduced through design activities. This study investigates the underlying design measures that are capable of minimising waste generated by construction and demolition activities. Using exploratory sequential mixed method research, the study employs focus group discussions and thematic analysis at the exploratory phase, while questionnaire and structural equation modelling were used at the explanatory stage of the study.The study suggests that construction waste could be significantly reduced by designing for standard materials size and by designing for modern method of construction, thereby minimising waste due to breakage, materials leftover and other major causes of waste. The study further suggests that the design process and design documentation are key underlying measures for mitigating waste in construction projects. This could be enhanced through such critical success factors as a collaborative delivery process, which is characterised by early involvement of contractors and adequate coordination of design between various disciplines involved. Findings of this study would assist designers and other construction stakeholders in understanding the significant measures for designing out waste in construction projects.

Fresh Ready-Mixed Concrete Waste in Construction Projects: A Planning Approach

In the current study, how planning and truck-mixer based waste amounts per 1 m 3 fresh ready-mixed concrete (RMC) can be determined was presented. Toward this aim, the formation process of the fresh RMC waste in construction projects was first introduced in a detailed manner, together with an in-depth literature review in this specific domain of the construction engineering and management. Then, the measurement procedure of the waste amount or coefficient of the fresh RMC was revealed and discussed as a practical and creative planning knowledge. Hence, a useful and realistic waste management perspective about the cost and potential environmental savings of the RMC waste was drawn.

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS ANALYSIS FOR CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENT IN CANADA

Construction industry creates a massive amount of waste, which typically ends up in landfills. Canadian construction industry represents 30% of the total municipal solid waste deposited in landfills. Construction and demolition (C&D) waste has created negative socioeconomic and environmental impacts including contaminating ground water, emitting greenhouse gases, and adding more waste to scarce landfills. Literature is cited rework/waste generation due to ambiguity/errors in construction contract documents. Exculpatory clauses in contract documents are included in contractual agreements to prevent contractor claims, which often cause rework. After an extensive contract documents review, these clauses were categorized in to eight major areas. This paper (1) analyses expert opinions on pre-identified contractual clauses; and (2) introduces recommendations to minimize rework and waste in construction projects. It was found that the clauses related to quality, workmanship, and field quality control/inspection have the most potential to generate construction waste.

Fresh Ready-mixed Concrete Waste in Construction Projects: A Planning Approach

In the current study, how planning and truck-mixer based waste amounts per 1 m3 fresh ready-mixed concrete (RMC) can be determined was presented. Toward this aim, the formation process of the fresh RMC waste in construction projects was first introduced in a detailed manner, together with an in-depth literature review in this specific domain of the construction engineering and management. Then, the measurement procedure of the waste amount or coefficient of the fresh RMC was revealed and discussed as a practical and creative planning knowledge. Hence, a useful and realistic waste management perspective about the cost and potential environmental savings of the RMC waste was drawn.

AN IMPROVED APPROACH TO THE SUBCONTRACTING PROCUREMENT PROCESS IN A LEAN CONSTRUCTION SETTING

The subcontracting procurement process is one of the most important issues impacting the costs of engineering projects and construction projects, in particular. Traditional procedures of subcontracting procurement tend to limit the opportunities for price negotiation and cooperative relationships between contractors and neglect potential issues such as engineering interface, construction risk, and waste. Based on case studies of construction projects, we propose a “lean” subcontracting procurement process (LSPP) drawing from lean construction theory. The process consists of a novel Seven-Arrangement operation plan and four types of standard operating flows. Not only does the proposed LSPP help sub-contractors eliminate various types of waste in construction projects, it also establishes a common information platform and cooperative environment that help participating contractors understand the work emphasis of each operation and the whole operation in sequence. As a result, the relationships between participating contractors become cooperative, potential risks in construction projects can be discovered early, and profits are shared between contractors. Thus, this process allows contractors to obtain long-term benefits.