Waste Edible Oil Research Articles

Predicting Methanol and Glycerol Concentrations in Microbial Treated Wastewater Discharged from a Biodiesel Fuel Production Process Using near Infrared Spectroscopy

Microbiological treatment of wastewater discharged from purification processes of biodiesel fuel (BDF) produced from waste edible oil with alkaline catalyst was carried out in a 3L jar-fermentor. Wastewater treatment was started by the addition of the seed culture of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa HCU-1 to the medium prepared from oil-removed wastewater. Methanol and glycerol concentrations in the wastewater were predicted simultaneously using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. The wastewater containing the microorganism cells in a 1 mm light path length cuvette was placed in an NIR spectrophotometer and the absorbance at wavelengths between 400 nm and 2500 nm was measured at 2 nm intervals. Simple or multiple linear regression analysis was used to obtain calibration equations relating to the NIR spectral data and the content of a calibration sample set ( n=66) obtained by the conventional methods. The wavelengths at 2264 nm, and 2274 nm and 2256 nm were selected to make calibration equations for methanol and glycerol, respectively. Prediction of methanol and glycerol contents ( n=45) was successfully carried out using NIR spectroscopy with r2=0.996 and SEP=0.637 gL−1 and r2=0.996 and SEP=0.31 gL−1 respectively.

433 廃食用油原料のメチル、エチルエステル交換油の製造とディーゼル機関への利用に関する研究(エネルギー技術分野における環境関連技術)

433 廃食用油原料のメチル、エチルエステル交換油の製造とディーゼル機関への利用に関する研究(エネルギー技術分野における環境関連技術)

215 廃食油エチルエステル水エマルション燃料の水添加割合増加によるディーゼル機関の性能と排気エミッションに関する研究(熱力学(2))

215 廃食油エチルエステル水エマルション燃料の水添加割合増加によるディーゼル機関の性能と排気エミッションに関する研究(熱力学(2))

Feasibility of edible oil vs. non-edible oil vs. waste edible oil as biodiesel feedstock

Biodiesel has high potential as a new and renewable energy source in the future, as a substitution fuel for petroleum-derived diesel and can be used in existing diesel engine without modification. Currently, more than 95% of the world biodiesel is produced from edible oil which is easily available on large scale from the agricultural industry. However, continuous and large-scale production of biodiesel from edible oil without proper planning may cause negative impact to the world, such as depletion of food supply leading to economic imbalance. A possible solution to overcome this problem is to use non-edible oil or waste edible oil (WEO). In this context, the next question that comes in mind would be if the use of non-edible oil overcomes the short-comings of using edible oil. Apart from that, if WEO were to be used, is it sufficient to meet the demand of biodiesel. All these issues will be addressed in this paper by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of using edible oil vs. non-edible vs. WEO as feedstock for biodiesel production. The discussion will cover various aspects ranging from oil composition, oil yield, economics, cultivation requirements, land availability and also the resources availability. Finally, a proposed solution will be presented.

Zeolite Y as a Heterogeneous Catalyst in Biodiesel Fuel Production from Used Vegetable Oil

Complete recycling of waste edible oil has recently attracted considerable attention as a worldwide social problem. Production of a biodiesel fuel from used vegetable oil is considered an important step in reducing and recycling waste oil. This technology employs used vegetable oil as a potential renewable alternative resource to fossil diesel fuel, and the transesterification reaction is the usual process to obtain biodiesel. The objective of this work is to study the transesterification of waste oil with methanol in the presence of several Y-type zeolites with different Al2O3 content. In this study, the reaction is carried out in a continuous tubular steel reactor using zeolite Y as catalyst, being tested at atmospheric pressure within a reactor temperature range of 200–476 °C and methanol/oil molar ratio of 6. The results show an important decrease of viscosity of the product obtained until values close to biodiesel specifications.

306 FAME・廃食油混合燃料のディーゼル機関への適用(熱工学II,熱工学)

306 FAME・廃食油混合燃料のディーゼル機関への適用(熱工学II,熱工学)

210 FAME・廃食油混合燃料のディーゼル機関への適用(熱工学II)

210 FAME・廃食油混合燃料のディーゼル機関への適用(熱工学II)

413 メチルエステル燃料のディーゼルエンジンへの適用に関する研究 : ひまわり油と廃食油の比較(GS-5 燃焼(2))

413 メチルエステル燃料のディーゼルエンジンへの適用に関する研究 : ひまわり油と廃食油の比較(GS-5 燃焼(2))

廃食油メチルエステル・A重油混合燃料のディーゼル機関への適用に関する研究(熱工学I-3)

廃食油メチルエステル・A重油混合燃料のディーゼル機関への適用に関する研究(熱工学I-3)

廃食油・灯油混合燃料のディーゼルエンジンヘの適用 燃料加熱による諸特性

A feasibility study was made on the use of the waste edible oil used for cooking as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. If the waste edible oil is proved to be of use in diesel engines, the consumption of the fossil fuel would be reduced. In the experiment described in this paper, kerosene was mixed with the waste edible oil in order to improve some of the characteristics of the vegetable oil. The mixing ratios were varied from 20 to 80% in weight. The lower calorific value, density, surface tension and kinematic viscosity of the waste edible oil-kerosene mixture were measured. It was found that the mixing of kerosene improved the thermophysical properties of the waste edible oil. In addition, the ignition temperature and the ignition lag were measured and found to be improved by mixing kerosene more than 60% in weight with the waste edible oil. Finally the waste edible oil-kerosene mixture was burned in a conventional 273-cc diesel engine. Although the thermal efficiency was a little lower, the smoke level in the exhaust gas was confirmed to be almost the same level as the gas oil.

Microbial production of poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s from waste edible oils

The biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) from waste edible oils and tallow by Ralstonia eutropha was investigated. Waste plant oils as well as waste tallow were assimilated and successfully converted to PHA with relatively high yield by the bacterial fermentation. The waste plant oils usually gave poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) while waste tallow gave poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV). The ratio of 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) unit in the copolyester was controlled by the addition of sodium propionate to the cultivation medium containing waste plant oils as carbon sources. The ratio of PHA accumulated was also quite high and up to 80% of the cell dry weight. The PHA accumulated was easily isolated by simply mixing the cells in aqueous sodium hypochlorite without using any organic solvents. We propose herein the biorecycling of waste oils as renewable resources for sustainable society.

604 廃食油メチルエステル・軽油混合燃料のディーゼル機関への適用 : 廃食油メチルエステルと軽油の混合燃料について

604 廃食油メチルエステル・軽油混合燃料のディーゼル機関への適用 : 廃食油メチルエステルと軽油の混合燃料について

513 廃食油エステル・灯油混合燃料のディーゼル機関への適用に関する研究

513 廃食油エステル・灯油混合燃料のディーゼル機関への適用に関する研究

511 廃食油メチルエステル燃料の低コスト化に関する研究

511 廃食油メチルエステル燃料の低コスト化に関する研究

512 廃食油エステル燃料のディーゼル機関への適用に関する研究 : 廃食油メチルエステルと軽油の混合燃料について

512 廃食油エステル燃料のディーゼル機関への適用に関する研究 : 廃食油メチルエステルと軽油の混合燃料について

419 廃食油エステル化燃料のディーゼルエンジンへの適用

419 廃食油エステル化燃料のディーゼルエンジンへの適用

Activation and recycling of waste edible oils as fuels

Activation and recycling of waste edible oils as fuels

Enzymatic conversion of waste edible oil to biodiesel fuel in a fixed‐bed bioreactor

AbstractThe conversion of waste edible oil to biodiesel fuel in a fixed‐bed bioreactor was investigated. Three‐step methanolysis of waste oil was conducted using three columns packed with 3 g of immobilized Candida antarctica lipase. A mixture of waste oil and 1/3 molar equivalent of methanol against total fatty acids in the oil was used as substrate for the first‐step reaction, and mixtures of the first‐ and second‐step eluates and 1/3 molar equivalent of methanol were used for the second‐ and third‐step reactions, respectively. Ninety percent of waste oil was converted to the corresponding methyl esters (ME) by feeding substrate mixtures into the first, second, and third reactors at flow rates of 6, 6 and 4 mL/h, respectively. We also attempted one‐step methanolysis of waste oil. When a mixture of waste oil and 90% ME‐containing eluate (1∶3, wt/wt) and an equimolar amount of methanol against total fatty acids in the waste oil was fed into a reactor packed with 3 g of immobilized C. antarctica lipase at a flow rate of 4 mL/h, the ME content in the eluate reached 90%. The immobilized biocatalyst could be used for 100 d in the two reaction systems without significant decrease in its activity. Waste oil contained 1980 ppm water and 2.5% free fatty acids, but these contaminants had little influence on enzymatic production of biodiesel fuel.

生活排水中の油分除去対策 廃食用油の発生量と生活排水への汚濁負荷量

生活排水中の油分除去対策 廃食用油の発生量と生活排水への汚濁負荷量

コンポスト化による家庭からの廃食用油の処理

コンポスト化による家庭からの廃食用油の処理