Waste Disposal Sites Research Articles

Understanding the determinants of households’ intention to practise solid waste segregation-at-source: Theoretical framework development

Purpose: The level of the environment is gradually declining, especially with regard to the serious problem of solid waste. Solid waste segregation-at-source is seen as the most essential approach to helping the natural environment minimize the amount of waste generated before being transferred to waste disposal sites and landfills in many rapidly growing towns and cities in developing countries. However, a number of previous environmental-based research have focused only on the general scope of recycling, sustainable development, and the purchase intention for sustainable food products. This situation has led to useful and relevant information on the research scope of households’ intention to segregate solid waste at source, which remains largely unanswered. The aim of this paper is, therefore, to provide a literature review to develop a novel theoretical framework in understanding the determinants of households’ intention to practise solid waste segregation-at-source. Theoretical framework: The study provides a detailed explanation of the application of the Theory of Reasoned Action, the Fietkau-Kessel Model, the Focus Theory of Normative Conduct, and the Value-Basis Theory to predict the relationship between attitude, subjective norms, environmental concerns, and environmental knowledge of households on intention to practise solid waste segregation-at-source. Design/methodology/approach: This research is descriptive in nature. Findings: A better understanding of the potential mediator and moderator is needed to contribute to the body of knowledge on the causal relationship between the studied variables. In conclusion, the researchers discuss how the framework can be used to address future research implications as more evidence emerges. Research, practical and social implications: The current study is expected to broaden previous research in order to improve general understanding of attitudes and subjective norms towards the specific research scope of solid waste segregation-at-source.

Geospatial technology for selecting suitable sites for solid waste disposal: a case study of Shone town, central Ethiopia

ABSTRACT The main objective of this study is to choose appropriate solid waste disposal sites based on environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and socially responsible factors using geospatial technology. To achieve the study’s objectives, factor maps such as slope, settlement, road, stream, land use/land cover, geology, borehole, protected area, and soil maps were used and prepared using GIS. The most appropriate solid waste disposal sites were identified and categorized as highly suitable, suitable, less suitable, or unsuitable using a weighted linear combination (WLC) analysis. Through ArcMap overlay analysis, the final suitability map was created. The AHP pairwise comparison module helped establish the weight of factor parameters. The findings reveal that out of the total area, 51.32 hectares are highly suitable, 54.86 hectares are suitable, 34.99 hectares are less suitable, and 3171.22 hectares are unsuitable for solid waste disposal. The use of GIS and remote sensing data has allowed for a comprehensive evaluation of multiple factors and their weighted importance, resulting in a final suitability map that can guide decision-makers in selecting appropriate sites for solid waste disposal. In conclusion, the study provides a practical solution to the problem of solid waste disposal by using geospatial technology.

Chemical stability of Hg-adsorbed pyrite under different pH and redox conditions: A fundamental study for stable management of Hg-bearing wastes

Along with the worldwide awareness of mercury (Hg) toxicity, safe disposal and preservation of Hg-bearing waste becomes a matter of concern. In this study, Hg adsorbed pyrite, which is a type of Hg-bearing wastes, was synthesized and subjected to leaching tests at different pH (2, 6, and 10) and dissolved oxygen concentrations (aerobic and anaerobic) for 168 h in order to evaluate the chemical stability of the adsorbed Hg. Hg solubilization after 168 h leaching was negligibly small (0.13 µmol/L) at pH 10 under aerobic conditions while robust sulfur solubilization here (29.4 mmol/L), resulting from oxidative dissolution of pyrite, was expected to trigger the Hg desorption. Under anaerobic conditions, 35 times more Hg was released at pH 10 than pH 2, which was the opposite trend from aerobic conditions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analyses found that Fe (oxy)hydroxides were formed on the pyrite surface through its oxidative dissolution, contributing to the re-immobilization of once-desorbed Hg via the formation of surface complexation. Little Fe (oxy)hydroxide formed under anaerobic conditions, thus leading to the enhanced Hg release at alkaline than acidic pH values. Numerical calculation with a geochemical modeling confirmed that this hypothesis was valid and allowed the Hg distribution during the leaching of Hg-bearing pyrite to be quantified. Overall, we developed some suggestions for the stable management of Hg-bearing waste at the final waste disposal site based on the findings of this study.

Circular Economy Business Model in Integrated Waste Management to Encourage Self-reliance in Jongbiru Village

The circular economy has been expected to be an effort to build a competitive and sustainable society. This study aims to develop a circular economy-based business model for waste management in Jongbiru Village, Kediri Regency. The research method used is descriptive-qualitative by developing a sustainable business model innovation framework. The model used is a development of the Business Model Canvas (BMC) by involving business aspects of the environment. The research data were collected through observation and interviews at the location of the research object. The results showed that the waste disposal site (TPS) in Jongbiru Village had implemented a circular economy business with the 3R principle (reduce, reuse, and recycle), which was managed independently. However, there are shortcomings in long-term planning and efforts related to the role of the community. Moreover, the findings in the field also show the potential that needs to be optimized through supporting facilities and social capital. The implications of this research encourage the role of stakeholders in planning the long-term development of business projects with a community engagement approach.
 Keywords: village self-reliance, circular economy, social capital, business model canvas

Community Empowerment in Managing Waste into Goods of High Selling Value in PKBM Tenggang Raso

Waste is anything that is no longer wanted and is solid. The general public's view of waste is that it is useless material and must be thrown away. Pagambiran Ampalu Nan XX Subdistrict, LUBEG District, based on observations, has several illegal waste disposal sites (TPS). Therefore, it is necessary to hold community empowerment with the title Community Empowerment in Waste Processing, especially plastic waste. This program is implemented with the aim of increasing the knowledge and skills of housewives in household waste entrepreneurship to increase family income. Community empowerment is carried out by providing training. Training was given to PKK women in RW 07 Kel Pagambiran Ampalu Nan XX LUBEG District. The training that will be held is in the form of an active learning and thinking process about creating household waste, whether organic or inorganic waste, through several methods, namely lectures, demonstrations and workshops.

Seroprevalence of dengue and chikungunya viruses among urban refugees in Klang Valley, Malaysia.

Mosquito-borne diseases pose a significant global public health threat, with Malaysia's Klang Valley experiencing numerous outbreaks in densely populated urban areas. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of anti-dengue and anti-chikungunya antibodies among urban refugees in the Klang Valley, Malaysia, and identify associated risk factors. High seroprevalence of anti-dengue immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM (60.0% [confidence interval {CI} 55.39 to 64.48] and 9.2% [CI 6.77 to 12.25], respectively) were observed among refugees >18years of age (χ22=11.720, p=0.003), Kachin ethnicity (χ28=72.253, p<0.001), without formal education (χ21=3.856, p=0.050), homes near waste disposal sites (χ21=10.378, p=0.001) and refugees who have experienced flooding (χ21=5.460, p=0.019). Meanwhile, the overall seroprevalence of anti-chikungunya IgG and IgM was 9.7% (CI 7.15 to 12.73) and 10.8% (CI 8.09 to 13.93), respectively, with ages 12-18years (χ22=6.075, p=0.048), Rohingya ethnicity (χ28=31.631, p<0.001) and homes close to waste disposal sites (χ21=3.912, p=0.048) being significant risk factors. Results showed a link to poor environmental living conditions, with an increase in the vector population with higher availability of breeding sites and thus exposure to dengue and chikungunya virus. Health education among the community is the key to disease prevention, as there are no specific antiviral drugs for treatment and limited vaccine availability.

Characterising ecological resource utilization by the endangered Egyptian vulture in Oman to better manage and mitigate electrocution risk

Electrocution is a threat to birds and can undermine their conservation status. We tracked 15 globally endangered Egyptian vultures (Neophron percnopterus) in Oman and used Resource Selection Functions (RSFs) to identify habitats important to vultures and locate places where electrocution risk is high. During daytime vultures selected rugged areas with low vegetative cover, and habitats near roads, waste disposal sites, and both high (>50 kV, large pylons) and medium voltage electricity infrastructure. At night vultures also selected rugged habitats with scarce vegetation. At night high voltage infrastructure was selected, especially in areas of relatively low ruggedness at higher elevations; medium voltage infrastructure was avoided at night. The pattern of infrastructure use suggested that vultures were using large pylons for night-time roosting, but used both large pylons and smaller poles for perching during the day. 54.2 % of 11–33 kV powerlines in the study area were within the top six habitat suitability categories, which also contained 87.3 % of 34,778 vulture daytime test locations. Retrofitting powerlines overlapping the highest suitability zones would have the largest immediate impact. Areas surrounding landfills were also important: 10.34 % of all test locations were located within 2 km of landfills, which contained only 14.5 km of 11–33 kV lines. Targeting these areas would provide high impact at low cost. These maps are particularly useful in Oman because it is a stronghold for resident endangered large birds (i.e., Egyptian vulture, lappet-faced vulture Torgos tracheliotos) and an important winter destination for endangered steppe eagles (Aquila nipalensis).

Environmental stress mediates groundwater microbial community assembly.

Community assembly describes how different ecological processes shape microbial community composition and structure. How environmental factors impact community assembly remains elusive. Here we sampled microbial communities and >200 biogeochemical variables in groundwater at the Oak Ridge Field Research Center, a former nuclear waste disposal site, and developed a theoretical framework to conceptualize the relationships between community assembly processes and environmental stresses. We found that stochastic assembly processes were critical (>60% on average) in shaping community structure, but their relative importance decreased as stress increased. Dispersal limitation and 'drift' related to random birth and death had negative correlations with stresses, whereas the selection processes leading to dissimilar communities increased with stresses, primarily related to pH, cobalt and molybdenum. Assembly mechanisms also varied greatly among different phylogenetic groups. Our findings highlight the importance of microbial dispersal limitation and environmental heterogeneity in ecosystem restoration and management.

Locational Suitability of Paschim Boragaon Landfill Adjacent to Deepor Beel Wetland, Assam

Deepor Beel, situated in the lower Assam region of Brahmaputra Valley, is a significant wetland that holds immense importance and is classified within the biogeographical region of the Burma monsoon forest. The beel acts as a crucial reservoir for storing water in Guwahati, aiding in mitigating the effects of flash flooding. The beel is endowed with luxuriant aquatic flora and fauna and maintains a well-balanced ecosystem. Nevertheless, the presence of the Paschim Boragaon Landfill in close proximity to the beel has raised concerns about the fragility of the biodiversity and ecosystem. The study was conducted to evaluate the appropriateness of placing a waste disposal site near a wetland and also how effectively did the Paschim Boragaon landfill adhere to the criteria specified in the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and Central Public Health and Environment Engineering Organisation (CPHEEO). The landfill's establishment has disregarded the prescribed regulations imposed by the relevant governing body, posing a significant threat to the soil, water, and environment. This situation flagrantly violates the Wetland Rules of 2010, leading to detrimental effects on the diverse features and biodiversity of the beel. The landfill's close proximity has directly or indirectly disrupted the beel's heterogeneous characteristics. Hence, an urgent relocation of the entire landfill is imperative to protect the beel and uphold the internationally renowned Ramsar wetland's biodiversity.

Perancangan TPS 3R Sebagai Upaya Mewujudkan Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat Kelurahan Menur Pumpungan

STBM is a comprehensive approach that not only includes sanitation infrastructure development, but also emphasizes changes in community behavior and sustainable waste management. Thus, in the implementation of STBM, the 3R Waste Disposal Site (TPS) is a key component in sustainable waste management. TPS 3R refers to waste management with the 3R principles, namely Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. However, in this case Menur Pumpungan Village still does not have a 3R-based waste processing facility. So it is necessary to plan the optimal design of TPS 3R to be applied in the future and be able to make a significant contribution in efforts to realize Community-Based Total Sanitation. To calculate the number of TPS 3R services as the basis for design, data on the population in 2023 and the waste generation rate of 2.6 liters/person/day were used. Based on the calculations made, in an effort to support the implementation of the Community-Based Total Sanitation program. The construction of TPS 3R, which is planned to be able to serve the domestic waste processing of the entire Menur Pumpungan urban village community, is expected to reduce the amount of waste entering the landfill. The total land required for operational facilities is 511.85 m2 with a TPS 3R design consisting of a 440.85 m2 waste processing area and 96 m2 of other supporting facilities..

Overview of Worm Infections and Hemoglobin Levels in Children Living in TPA (Final Waste Disposal Site) Tamangapa Makassar, Indonesia

Introduction: Children who live around TPA Tamangapa often play and do activities around the TPA. This can increase their risk of being exposed to worm eggs or larvae in the garbage. Lack of public knowledge and awareness about the dangers of worm infections. Hemoglobin (Hb) levels are an indicator of a child's nutritional status. This study aims to present an overview of worm infections and hemoglobin levels in children living in TPA (final waste disposal site) Tamangapa Makassar, Indonesia.&#x0D; Methods: This study is a descriptive observational research. This study uses primary data from observations of research subjects. A total of 10 research subjects participated in this study.&#x0D; Results: The results of microscopic examination of fecal samples showed that 6 were positive for worm infections and 4 were negative for worm infections. The positive results were found to be intestinal nematodes, namely Ascaris lumbricoides and Tricuris trichiura. Examination of hemoglobin levels in blood samples with the results obtained were normal in all samples.&#x0D; Conclusion: The majority of subjects experienced worm infections with the worm species found being A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura. All samples showed blood hemoglobin levels within normal limits.

Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and ecological risk at waste disposal sites: An analysis of sanitary landfills.

This study presents an analysis of soil contamination caused by Ni, Zn, Cd, Cu, and Pb at municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills, with a focus on ecological risk assessment. The approach aims to assess how different landfill practices and environmental conditions affect soil contamination with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and associated environmental risks. Soil samples were collected from MSW landfills in Poland and the Czech Republic. The research included a comprehensive assessment of PTEs in soils in the context of global environmental regulations. The degree of soil contamination by PTEs was assessed using indices: Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Single Pollution Index (Pi), Nemerow Pollution Index (PN), and Load Capacity of a Pollutant (PLI). The ecological risk was determined using the Risk of PTEs (ERi) and Sum of Individual Potential Risk Factors (ERI). The maximum values of the indicators observed for the Radiowo landfill were as follows: Igeo = 4.04 for Cd, Pi = 24.80 for Cd, PN = 18.22 for Cd, PLI = 2.66, ERi = 744 for Cd, ERI = 771.80. The maximum values of the indicators observed for the Zdounky landfill were as follows: Igeo = 1.04 for Cu, Pi = 3.10 for Cu, PN = 2.52 for Cu, PLI = 0.27, ERi = 25 for Cd, ERI = 41.86. The soils of the tested landfills were considered to be non-saline, with electrical conductivity (EC) values less than 2,000 μS/cm. Varying levels of PTEs were observed, and geostatistical analysis highlighted hotspots indicating pollution sources. Elevated concentrations of Cd in the soil indicated potential ecological risks. Concentrations of Cu and lead Pb were well below the thresholds set by the environmental legislation in several countries. In addition, Ni concentrations in the soils of both landfills indicated that the average levels were within acceptable limits. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed common sources of PTEs. The identification of specific risk points at the Radiowo and Zdounky sites contributes to a better understanding of potential hazards in landfill environments. By establishing buffer zones and implementing regular maintenance programs, emerging environmental problems can be addressed in a timely manner.

Spatial distribution of arboviruses and its association with a social development index and the waste disposal in São Luís, state of Maranhão, Brazil, 2015 to 2019.

To detect spatial and spatiotemporal clusters of urban arboviruses and to investigate whether the social development index (SDI) and irregular waste disposal are related to the coefficient of urban arboviruses detection in São Luís, state of Maranhão, Brazil. The confirmed cases of Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya in São Luís, from 2015 to 2019, were georeferenced to the census tract of residence. The Bayesian Conditional Autoregressive regression model was used to identify the association between SDI and irregular waste disposal sites and the coefficient of urban arboviruses detection. The spatial pattern of arboviruses pointed to the predominance of a low-incidence cluster, except 2016. For the years 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2019, an increase of one unit of waste disposal site increased the coefficient of arboviruses detection in 1.25, 1.09, 1.23, and 1.13 cases of arboviruses per 100 thousand inhabitants, respectively. The SDI was not associated with the coefficient of arboviruses detection. In São Luís, spatiotemporal risk clusters for the occurrence of arboviruses and a positive association between the coefficient of arbovirus detection and sites of irregular waste disposal were identified.

Isolation, identification and characterization of plastic-degrading fungi from waste disposal sites in Jalna (M.S.).

Isolation, identification and characterization of plastic-degrading fungi from waste disposal sites in Jalna (M.S.).

Рецензия на горно-геологическую часть обоснования строительства подземного хранилища радиоактивных отходов

The city district “Closed Administrative-territorial formation of the city of Zheleznogorsk” has appointed and organized public discussions on the materials of the justification of the license (including environmental impact assessment materials) for activities in the field of nuclear energy use “Creation of a second-class RW storage facility at FSUE GCK”. The mining and geological materials on the construction site of an underground repository of radioactive waste (RW) of the second hazard class in Zheleznogorsk of the Krasnoyarsk Territory are considered. The purpose of the construction of the storage facility is to ensure the storage of second-class radioactive waste at the site of the mining and chemical plant in volumes that meet the needs of the enterprise until the national operator is ready to handle radioactive waste. The review is a response to an offer to discuss supposedly public materials of open access. The subject of public discussions was conducted in the form of a survey. It is proposed to carry out the initial stage of the justification of the object on the basis of the Law “On Subsoil”. The following conclusion is made: the target horizon after the conservation of the object is likely to be flooded, primarily along vertical collector trunks; heterogeneous backfilling of the internal free space of trunks and horizontal workings with finished concrete lining with crushed/granular natural bentonite will not help; in reality, the volume of water in the burial zone will significantly determine the characteristics and the inexhaustible resource of the overlying water supply layers of rocks, rather than rocks of the target range, and even without recharge from other sources, the flooded PGZRO will quickly turn into a supplier of hot water and radiolytic gases. The opinion is expressed that it is unacceptable to turn a temporary storage facility into a permanent disposal site for radioactive waste.

Green Energy Production Aid Spider Robot: An Innovative Approach for Waste Separation Using Robotic Technology Powered with IoT

Growing worldwide waste management challenges have prompted research efforts for sustainable solutions, especially in green energy technologies. This study highlights robotics’ critical role in modern waste management by putting forth a novel strategy incorporating cutting‐edge technologies. The research aims to create an effective waste monitoring system to measure the amounts of methane gas and organic waste at disposal sites. The main component of this method is a 3D‐printed spider robot driven by a servo motor with solid and flexible claws. This robotic system communicates gas level readings to the ThingSpeak platform on the Internet of Things, while it navigates waste disposal sites autonomously. The study also investigates how to develop robotic systems more economically and efficiently by using a portable, low‐power microcontroller, such as the Arduino Nano. The study uses a rigorous testing methodology to assess the performance and viability of the microcontroller and robotic system. The results are expected to emphasise a practical and economic development approach while offering insightful information on developing sustainable waste management technologies.

Monitoring, classification and analysis of waste disposal sites using Machine Learning

Lack of planning and regulations around the landfills has resulted and continues to result in severe environmental damage to the immediate environment around the landfills. Our study systematically reviews the literature to understand different processes of monitoring and analysis of a waste disposal site. It further analyses a satellite footprint from Google Earth Engine, of the western part of India around the urban area of Bombay. For the satellite footprint, we compare different algorithms and satellites for detecting landfills using machine learning. We conduct a supervised classification for satellite images for Land Satellite Applied to Remote Sensing (LANDSAT) (2013 to 2023) and SENTINEL (2018 to 2023) using three different classification algorithms: CART (Classification and Regression Tree), Naive Bayes and SVM (Support Vector Machine). The LANDSAT SVM model was generally the most stable and consistently performed well. The model consistently has one of the highest accuracy scores over the years, followed closely by SENTINEL SVM. The analysis can be replicated to other cities and other large-area studies, and can act as a pointer in doing further analysis of the landfill that can further be used to prevent the effects of the waste disposal site on its surrounding environment.

"Feels Like an Indie Game"-Evaluation of a Virtual Field Trip Prototype on Radioactive Waste Management Research for University Education.

This article describes the design and evaluation of a virtual field trip on the topic of radioactive waste management research for university education. We created an interactive virtual tour through the Mont Terri underground research laboratory by enhancing the virtual experiment information system, designed for domain experts, with background information, illustrations, tasks, tests, and an improved user interface. To put the tour's content into context, a conventional introductory presentation on the final disposal of radioactive waste was added. A user study with 22 participants proved a good perceived usability of the virtual tour and the virtual field trip's ability to transfer knowledge. These results suggest a benefit of employing virtual field trips in geoscientific university courses. In addition, it is conceivable to use the virtual field trip as a tool for science communication in the context of participatory processes during nuclear waste disposal site selection processes.

Strategies to Mitigate Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions from the Solid Waste Management Sector: A Case Study of Vavuniya, Sri Lanka.

The waste sector is a substantial source of GHG emissions worldwide. Open dumping and internal combustion (IC) waste collection vehicles are significant sources of GHG emissions in Vavuniya. This research aims to estimate GHG emissions and recommend strategies to reduce emissions from the solid waste management sector. The IPCC methodology, considering Tier 1 estimation values based on default activity data, was used to estimate CH4 emissions from solid waste disposal sites. GHG emissions from collection vehicles were calculated based on IPCC mobile combustion recommendations. Three recommended strategies were considered based on demand, economic, and environmental feasibility and are expected to commence in 2025. According to current practices, open dumping generated 29.217 Gg of CO2 equivalent up to 2023, projected to rise by 37.8% by 2040. There will be a 57% decrease in open dumping-related GHG emissions by 2040 if composting is made mandatory for biodegradable waste, even though it produces emissions. Solar panels will be used to charge electric vehicles that will replace IC ones to cut emissions and fuel expenditures by 2025. The carbon sink reforestation program at the district level would need to begin in 2025 with an area of 161 hectares to sequester cumulative GHG emissions from composting dumpsites and fuel vehicles to achieve carbon neutrality by 2040. Investments from Vavuniya Carbon Sink Bonds (VCSB) on additional solar panels will ensure financial feasibility, having an internal rate of return of 23.18%. It paves the path to reducing GHG emissions, which is highly emphasized in the Nationally Determined Contributions, National Climate Change Policy, and waste management policy of Sri Lanka.

GEOELECTRIC SIGNATURES FROM A LEACHATE PLUME MAPPED FROM A BASEMENT COMPLEX TERRAIN IN AKURE, NIGERIA

In this study, we investigated the implications of a leachate plume within an aquifer system, unravelling the intricate dynamics that govern contaminant transport and dispersion. An integrated approach of geophysical investigations is used to establish the impact of an open-waste disposal site around Aromed, in a part of Akure, in the Precambrian Basement Complex of Southwestern Nigeria. Investigations using eight (8) Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and Double-Dipole Resistivity Tomography (ERT) along two (2) traverses were conducted. The geoelectric interpretation and the inverted two-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) images provided insights into the underlying geological composition, identifying three distinct units: the topsoil, the weathered column, and the fractured Basement/fresh Basement bedrock. The geoelectric tomography structures in the 2-D interpretation reveal that the dumpsite area exhibits low apparent resistivity estimated to be between 12 to 71 ohm-m in both the topsoil and the weathered column aquiferous zone. These values closely agree with results from the geoelectric sections, which range between 11 - 68 ohm-m, respectively. The relatively low apparent resistivity results are suggestive to be due to the presence of leachate’s chemical composition from the open waste disposal sites, which are suspected to be generated from the dissolution of ions of iron and other conductive minerals producing the leachate plume. The probable leachate depth of migration as revealed by the 2-D tomography structures varies from about &lt;1 – &gt; 14 m beneath the dumpsites. The leachate migration, which is structurally controlled, has a southward flow, majorly in the orientation with the observed structures. The subsurface depression-relief is also attributed to influence the direction of leachate flow. In conclusion, it is suggested that groundwater in the aquiferous zones in the vicinity of the dumpsites have entered a significant pollution level; hence water in the aquifer is not safe for consumption.