Waste-derived Biochar Research Articles

Surface interactions of oxytetracycline on municipal solid waste-derived biochar–montmorillonite composite

Surface interactions of oxytetracycline on municipal solid waste-derived biochar–montmorillonite composite

Comparative assessment for removal of anionic dye from water by different waste-derived biochar vis a vis reusability of generated sludge

In this study, four biochars prepared from different crop residue waste i.e. sugarcane bagasse (SBB), coconut shell (CNB), paddy straw (PDB), and distilled waste of lemongrass (LGB) were evaluated for removal of Remazol Brilliant Blue R from the aqueous system. The RBBR adsorption capacities of biochar were 97–79% for SBB, 99.9–99.47% for CNB, 66.1–48% for PDB, and 78–68% for LGB, dominantly controlled by their aromaticity and mineral content. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and pseudo-second-order kinetic models have described the chemisorption of RBBR on biochar surfaces. The thermodynamic data suggested that adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. These biochars demonstrated excellent reusability (till four cycles with 50–61% regeneration). The purified water and biochar dye sludge demonstrated no phytotoxicity. The findings obtained in this study may provide supports for the potential of biochars for anionic dye removal from water and utilization of generated sludge for zero waste-producing technologies in the future.

Tannery waste-derived biochar as a carrier of micronutrients essential to plants

The leather tannery industry generates about 33 Mt/year of solid waste with different properties, turning its management into a challenge. One of the valorization methods of tannery wastes is the production of biochar by pyrolysis of leather scratches. Biochar's sorption properties and its high nitrogen content (10%) make it suitable for its application as a soil conditioner or carrier of microelements for fertilizers. The paper presents an innovative spray method to enrich biochar with cationic micronutrients: Cu, Mn, Zn. Enriched biochar contained 1095 mg/kg Cu(II), 1334 mg/kg Mn(II) and 1205 mg/kg Zn(II). The high bioavailability of nutrients and the effectiveness of the new fertilizer were demonstrated in extraction in vitro tests - the analysis of leachability of elements to water and bioavailability of micro-nutrients. The functional properties of enriched biochar were examined in vivo (germination, pot) tests. A high biomass increase (approximately 10%) was observed compared to the group fertilized with a commercial product. The proposed solution benefits the environment in that it is made from alternative resources from which innovative fertilizers are produced according to the circular economy concept.

Heavy metal recovery from electroplating effluent using adsorption by jute waste-derived biochar for soil amendment and plant micro-fertilizer

Heavy metal recovery from electroplating effluent using adsorption by jute waste-derived biochar for soil amendment and plant micro-fertilizer

Preparation of Ce/Ferroferric Oxide/Food Waste-Derived Biochar for Aqueous Cr(Vi) Adsorption

Preparation of Ce/Ferroferric Oxide/Food Waste-Derived Biochar for Aqueous Cr(Vi) Adsorption

Adsorption mechanism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using wood waste-derived biochar

The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been attracted increasing attentions due to their carcinogenicity and teratogenicity. Adsorption is widely considered one of the most potential technologies for PAHs removal. In this study, we prepared two kinds of oxygen-rich biochar derived from waste wood to investigate the PAHs adsorption performance, and the molecular simulation was used to build the 16 priority PAHs, 23 nitrated PAHs, 9 oxygenated PAHs adsorption model. The surface adsorption performance of oxygen-rich biochar significantly depends on the pyrolysis conditions. The main out-comings demonstrated that the adsorption of naphthalene (C10H8) molecules first occurred, and the optimal adsorption positions of oxygen-rich biochar strongly adhered to functional groups of carboxyl and hydroxyl. Moreover, benzene ring, -COOH, and -CH3 of biochar were the main adsorbed functional groups for PAHs adsorption. The oxygen-rich biochar had the targeted-adsorption effect on PAHs removal especially symmetrical PAHs, and the targeted-adsorption mechanism was finally proposed. The research is beneficial to guide the removal of PAHs from polluted water and mitigate the environmental pollution caused by biomass waste mismanagement, simultaneously.

Biochars’ adsorption performance towards moxifloxacin and ofloxacin in aqueous solution: Role of pyrolysis temperature and biomass type

Three different biomass wastes (rice husk, sawdust, and municipal organic waste) were thermally converted to value-added biochars at two pyrolytic temperatures of 300 °C and 700 °C. Resulted biochars were evaluated for their adsorption potential for the two most widely used fluoroquinolone antibiotics, i.e. moxifloxacin and ofloxacin, through sorption experiments. The results showed that biochars pyrolyzed at 300 °C removed a higher percentage of tested antibiotics (up to 96.18%) than those produced at 700 °C (up to 38.74 %). The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models fitted well to the sorption data of the antibiotics indicating monolayer to multilayer adsorption onto the biochars. The adsorption kinetics data of both moxifloxacin and ofloxacin was well fitted to the pseudo-second-order model, suggesting that chemisorption could be the dominant mechanism of adsorption of antibiotics onto different biochars. Among all the biochars, the organic waste-derived biochar (synthesized at 300 °C) was the best adsorbent, with an adsorption potential of 39.10 and 57.10 mg g−1 for moxifloxacin and ofloxacin, respectively. Relatively greater adsorption of moxifloxacin than ofloxacin was due to its high polar surface area. The possible cause of chemisorption of antibiotics onto low-temperature (300 °C) biochars was hydrogen bonding and polar interactions. On the whole, the results indicated that biochar produced from organic waste has significant adsorption potential to remove moxifloxacin and ofloxacin from an aqueous solution.

A state-of-the-art review on producing engineered biochar from shellfish waste and its application in aquaculture wastewater treatment

Global production of shellfish aquaculture is steadily increasing owing to the growing market demands for shellfish. The intensification of shellfish aquaculture to maximize production rate has led to increased generation of aquaculture waste streams, particularly the effluents and shellfish wastes. If not effectively managed, these wastes could pose serious threats to human health and the ecosystem while compromising the overall sustainability of the industry. The present work comprehensively reviews the source, composition, and environmental implications of shellfish wastes and aquaculture wastewater. Moreover, recent advancements in the valorization of shellfish wastes into value-added biochar via emerging thermochemical and modification techniques are scrutinized. The utilization of the produced biochar in removing emerging pollutants from aquaculture wastewater is also discussed. It was revealed that shellfish waste-derived biochar exhibits relatively higher adsorption capacities (300–1500 mg/g) compared to lignocellulose biochar (<200 mg/g). The shellfish waste-derived biochar can be effectively employed for the removal of various contaminants such as antibiotics, heavy metals, and excessive nutrients from aquaculture wastewater. Finally, future research priorities and challenges faced to improve the sustainability of the shellfish aquaculture industry to effectively support global food security are elaborated. This review envisages that future studies should focus on the biorefinery concept to extract more useful compounds (e.g., carotenoid, chitin) from shellfish wastes for promoting environmental-friendly aquaculture.

Critical impacts of pyrolysis conditions and activation methods on application-oriented production of wood waste-derived biochar

Wood waste-derived biochar with tunable carbon structure and surface functionality has a great potential for various environmental applications and circular economy; however, a holistic understanding on the application-oriented production of high-efficacy biochar is lacking. Thus, the co-impacts of different pyrolysis conditions (temperature and duration) and activation methods (steam, CO2, and acid pretreatment) on the biochar properties were first investigated. A temperature of 650 ℃ was effective in forming carbonized structure in biochar, while 750 ℃ was critical for the porous structure development. A longer pyrolysis duration (>60 min) enhanced the pore volume without compromising the yield. The activated biochar exhibited a larger pore volume (2.1- to 2.9-fold of pristine biochar) for potential high-end emerging applications. The acid pretreatment effectively removed dissolved organic carbon and most metals from the biochar. This study provides an essential guidance on the fit-for-purpose designs of biochar production conditions for sustainable wood waste management.

Preparation of ammonium-modified cassava waste-derived biochar and its evaluation for synergistic adsorption of ternary antibiotics from aqueous solution

Mono- and co-sorption of the three antibiotics i.e., norfloxacin (NOR), sulfamerazine (SMR) and oxytetracycline (OTC), to raw and NH4+-modified cassava waste biochar added to aqueous solutions were investigated. The NH4+-modified biochar showed higher sorption affinity for both NOR and SMR than the raw biochar, while the raw biochar showed higher sorption affinity for OTC than the modified biochar. The highest sorption to both biochars in both the mono- and competitive sorption systems was found for OTC followed by NOR and SMR. Sorption equilibrium in all systems analyzed was reached within 15 h. Electrostatic interactions among the ionic antibiotics in the multicomponent solution increased NOR and SMR sorption to both biochars. Antibiotics’ mono- and co-sorption to biochars decreased with increasing solution pH. The co-sorption of NOR and SMR to the two biochars was regulated by π-π electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) interactions; besides, electrostatic interactions and Hydrogen (H-) bonding played an important part. Cation bridging might have been a potential mechanism to contribute to SMR sorption to the raw biochar, and OTC sorption to the NH4+-modified biochar. These observations will improve our understanding of the simultaneous removal of multiple antibiotics from water or wastewater.

Sulfamethoxazole Leaching from Manure-Amended Sandy Loam Soil as Affected by the Application of Jujube Wood Waste-Derived Biochar.

Vertical translocation/leaching of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) through manure-amended sandy loam soil and significance of biochar application on SMZ retention were investigated in this study. Soil was filled in columns and amended with manure spiked with 13.75 mg kg−1 (S1), 27.5 mg kg−1 (S2), and 55 mg kg−1 (S3) of SMZ. Jujube (Ziziphus jujube L.) wood waste was transformed into biochar and mixed with S3 at 0.5% (S3-B1), 1.0% (S3-B2), and 2.0% (S3-B3) ratio. Cumulative SMZ leaching was lowest at pH 3.0, which increased by 16% and 34% at pH 5.0 and 7.0, respectively. A quicker release and translocation of SMZ from manure occurred during the initial 40 h, which gradually reduced over time. Intraparticle diffusion and Elovich kinetic models were the best fitted to leaching data. S3 exhibited the highest release and vertical translocation of SMZ, followed by S2, and S1; however, SMZ leaching was reduced by more than twofold in S3-B3. At pH 3.0, 2.0% biochar resulted in 99% reduction in SMZ leaching within 72 h, while 1.0% and 0.5% biochar applications reduced SMZ leaching to 99% within 120 and 144 h, respectively, in S3. The higher SMZ retention onto biochar could be due to electrostatic interactions, H-bonding, and π-π electron donor acceptor interactions.

Performance evaluation of crop residue and kitchen waste-derived biochar for eco-efficient removal of arsenic from soils of the Indo-Gangetic plain: A step towards sustainable pollution management

Biochar was produced from wheat straw (Triticum aestivum), rice straw (Oryza sativa), and kitchen waste at varying pyrolysis temperatures (300°C–700 °C). The biochars were screened depending on their production and physicochemical properties for the adsorptive removal of arsenic (As). The morphological analysis by Field emission scanning electron microscope revealed a porous biochar surface. Spectroscopic characterization of biochars indicated the co-existence of minerals, carboxyl, carbonyl, amide, and hydroxyl groups, which implies the suitability of biochar to immobilize metal (loid)s from soils. Changes in peaks were observed in Fourier-transform infrared and X-ray diffraction images after As sorption indicating the involvement of chemisorption. The thermogravimetric analysis and a low H/C value derived from the CHNS analyzer confirmed the high stability of biochar. The BET analysis was used to estimate the surface areas of wheat straw (15.8 m2 g-1), rice straw (12.5 m2 g-1), and kitchen waste (2.57 m2 g-1) -derived biochars. Batch sorption studies were performed to optimize experimental parameters for maximum removal of As. Maximum removal of As was observed for wheat straw-derived biochar (pyrolyzed at 500 °C) at 8 mg L−1 initial concentration (IC), 7.5 % dose, 25 °C temperature, and 60 min contact time (83.7 ± 0.06 %); in rice straw-derived biochar (pyrolyzed at 500 °C) at 8 mg L−1 IC, 7.5 % dose, 25 °C temperature, 90 min contact time (83.6 ± 0.37 %); and in kitchen waste-derived biochar (pyrolyzed at 500 °C) at 8 mg L−1 IC, 5 % dose, 25 °C temperature, 60 min contact time (76.7 ± 0.16 %). The sorption model parameters suggested the possibility of chemisorption, physisorption, diffusion, and ion exchange for the removal of As. Therefore, it could be recommended to farmers that instead of disposing or burning straws and waste openly, they could adopt the process of charring to generate livelihood security and mitigation of geogenic contaminants from the soil/water dynamic systems.

Designing chitosan based magnetic beads with conocarpus waste-derived biochar for efficient sulfathiazole removal from contaminated water.

The development of a simple method to synthesize highly efficient and stable magnetic microsphere beads for sulfathiazole (STZ) removal from contaminated aqueous media was demonstrated in this study. Conocarpus (Conocarpus erectus L.) tree waste (CW) derived biochar (BC) was modified to fabricate chitosan-BC (CBC) and magnetic CBC (CBC-Fe) microsphere beads. Proximate, chemical, and structural properties of the produced adsorbents were investigated. Kinetics, equilibrium, and pH adsorption batch trials were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the synthesized adsorbents for STZ removal. All adsorbents exhibited the highest STZ adsorption at pH 5.0. STZ adsorption kinetics data was best emulated using pseudo-second order and Elovich models. The equilibrium adsorption data was best emulated using Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich–Peterson, and Temkin models. CBC-Fe demonstrated the highest Elovich, pseudo-second order, and power function rate constants, as well as the highest apparent diffusion rate constant. Additionally, Langmuir isotherm predicted maximum adsorption capacity was the highest for CBC-Fe (98.67 mg g−1), followed by CBC (56.54 mg g−1) and BC (48.63 mg g−1). CBC-Fe and CBC removed 74.5%–108.8% and 16.2%–25.6% more STZ, respectively, than that of pristine BC. π-π electron-donor–acceptor interactions and Lewis acid-base reactions were the main mechanisms for STZ removal; however, intraparticle diffusion and H-bonding further contributed in the adsorption process. The higher efficiency of CBC-Fe for STZ adsorption could be due to its magnetic properties as well as stronger and conducting microsphere beads, which degraded the STZ molecules through generation of HO• radicals.

Singlet oxygen-dominated activation of peroxymonosulfate by passion fruit shell derived biochar for catalytic degradation of tetracycline through a non-radical oxidation pathway

Waste-derived biochar has been emerged as promising catalysts to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the degradation of organic contaminants. Herein, passion fruit shell derived biochar (PFSC) was prepared by a one-pot pyrolysis method and used as a metal-free catalyst to activate PMS for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC). The batch experiments indicated that the pyrolysis temperature could influence the efficiency of PFSC for the activation of PMS. In the PFSC-900 (prepared at 900 °C)/PMS system, the degradation rate of TC can reach 90.91%. The quenching test and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra revealed that the high catalytic performance of PFSC-900/PMS system was mainly attributed to the non-free radical reaction pathway containing a carbon bridge, and the TC degradation was controlled primarily by singlet oxygen-mediated oxidation. Moreover, the carboxyl group of ketones and the graphite-N atoms on PFSC-900 are the possible active sites of the non-free radical pathway including direct electron transfer or the formation of O2•-/1O2. This study not only shows a new type of biochar as an efficient catalyst for PMS activation but also provides a way of value-added reuse of passion fruit shell.

Impacts of Olive Waste-Derived Biochar on Hydro-Physical Properties of Sandy Soil

In this study, waste olive leaves and branches were pyrolyzed to produced biochar, and their impacts on physical and chemical properties of a sandy soil were evaluated. Pyrolytic temperatures of 300 °C, 400 °C, and 500 °C were used for biochar production. After evaluating the physio-chemical properties, the produced biochars were added to the top 10 cm layer of the soil at rates of 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% in a column experiment at 25 °C. Biochar was mixed with a sandy soil into the top 10 cm of the columns. For all treatments, cumulative evaporation was reduced; however, treatments with 5% biochar prepared at the highest temperatures showed the highest impact. The available water contents were increased by 153.33% and 151.11% when olive branch-derived biochar and olive leaves-derived biochars produced at 500 °C were applied at 5% rate, respectively. No impact of available water was observed for 1% biochar contribution. Biochar application decreased both cumulative infiltration and infiltration rate. Biochar pyrolyzed at 500 °C most intensely improved hydro-physical properties of a sandy soil. However, its application as a soil supplement in arid environments should be adopted with constraints due to its high pH (9.69 and 9.29 for biochar pyrolyzed at the highest temperatures) and salinity (up to electrical conductivity = 5.07 dS m−1). However, the salinity of biochar prepared from olive branches (5%, pyrolyzed at 500 °C) was low (0.79 dS m−1); therefore, it can be used safely as a supplement in saline and acidic soils, but with restriction in alkaline soils.

Biochar supported CuFe layered double hydroxide composite as a sustainable adsorbent for efficient removal of anionic azo dye from water

This study reports the synthesis of date palm waste-derived biochar (B) supported CuFe layered double hydroxides (CuFe LDH) composite by facile co-precipitation method. The adsorption performance of B-CuFe composite was evaluated for the removal of Eriochrome black T (EBT), as a model anionic azo dye, from the aqueous phase. The B-CuFe composites were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TGA, SEM-EDX and BET techniques. Characterization results revealed the synergistic effect of biochar and CuFe LDH has resulted in substantial improvement in physicochemical characteristics (i.e. surface functionality, surface area and surface morphology) of B-CuFe composite, which promotes rapid and improved adsorption of (EBT) from the solution. The B-CuFe composite with 2.5 g loading of biochar onto CuFe LDH - showed better adsorption performance than that of other B-CuFe composites. The adsorption process of EBT onto B-CuFe composite was well described by the RSM models (with R 2 = 0 . 964 – 0 . 999 ). Acidic pH (2–5) and higher temperature favored the adsorption of EBT onto B-CuFe composite, and almost (70–85%) of EBT was removed from the water within the first 15 min. The highest adsorption capacity, 565.32 mg/g of EBT onto B-CuFe composite, was obtained at pH 2.5 and 45 °C. The adsorption mechanism associated with the strong electrostatic and chemical interactions of EBT sulfonated anions (SO 3 − ) with protonated hydroxyl surface groups ( OH 2 + ) of B-CuFe composite. The B-CuFe composite exhibited better EBT removal in the presence of co-existing anions and demonstrated excellent reusability performance (11% reduction) after five successive cycles. The results demonstrated that the B-CuFe composite has a great potential to be employed as a sustainable and cost-effective adsorbent for the purification of dye contaminated water bodies. • Sustainable biochar-CuFe composite was fabricated by the coprecipitation method. • B-CuFe exhibited improved physicochemical properties than pure biochar and CuFe. • B-CuFe removed 85% of Eriochrome black T dye from the water in 15 min. • The maximum adsorption capacity of B-CuFe was 565.32 mg/g at 45 °C. • B-CuFe composite exhibited excellent reusability performance.

Biochar decreased enantioselective uptake of chiral pesticide metalaxyl by lettuce and shifted bacterial community in agricultural soil

A 35-day microcosmic experiment was conducted with lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and two metalaxyl (MET) enantiomers (R-MET and S-MET) to understand the roles of biochar in the enantioselective fate of chiral pesticides in soil-plant ecosystems. Wood waste-derived biochar (WBC) amendment effectively decreased the shoot concentrations of R-MET/S-MET and their metabolites R-MET/S-MET acid by 57.7–86.3% and 13.3–32.5%, respectively. The reduced uptake was mainly attributed to the decreased bioavailability of R-MET and S-MET. A lower fraction of R-MET was accumulated by the lettuce in the WBC-amended soils relative to the control, suggesting a decrease in the enantioselective uptake of the chiral pesticide MET in the presence of biochar. Regardless of the WBC amendment, no enantiomerization of MET or MET acid occurred. The application of WBC stimulated soil bacterial diversity, shifted the bacterial community, and enhanced the abundance of pesticide degrading bacteria (e.g., Luteimonas, Methylophilus, and Hydrogenophaga), which were responsible for the enantioselective degradation of MET in the soil. This work expands our understanding of the enantioselective fate of chiral pesticides in the biochar-amended soil ecosystems. These findings can be used to develop biochar-based technologies to remediate soils contaminated with these chiral pesticides to ensure food safety.

Biochar utilisation in the anaerobic digestion of food waste for the creation of a circular economy via biogas upgrading and digestate treatment

A wood waste-derived biochar was applied to food-waste anaerobic digestion to evaluate the feasibility of its utilisation to create a circular economy. This biochar was first purposed for the upgrading of the biogas from the said anaerobic digestion, before treating and recovering the nutrients in the solid fraction of the digestate, which was finally employed as a biofertilizer for the organic cultivation of three green leafy vegetables: kale, lettuce and rocket salad. Whilst the amount of CO2 the biochar could absorb from the biogas was low (11.17 mg g−1), it could potentially be increased by modifying through physical and chemical methods. Virgin as well as CO2-laden biochar were able to remove around 31% of chemical oxygen demand, 8% of the ammonia and almost 90% of the total suspended solids from the digestate wastewater, which was better than a dewatering process via centrifugation but worse than the industry standard of a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane bioreactor. Nutrients were recovered in the solid fraction of the digestate residue filtered by the biochar, and utilised as a biofertilizer that performed similarly to a commercial complete fertilizer in terms of aerial fresh weight growth for all three vegetables cultivated. Contingent on the optimal upgrading of biogas, the concept of a circular economy based on biochar and anaerobic digestion appears to be feasible.

Banana peel biochar with nanoflake-assembled structure for cross contamination treatment in water: Interaction behaviors between lead and tetracycline

• Biomass waste-derived biochar with a novel nanoflake self-assembly is presented. • Both heavy metals and organic pollutants can be treated efficiently by the biochar. • A synergistically physical/chemical adsorption behaviors is elucidated. • Biochar has a potential application for treating cross contamination in industry. With the presence of emerging organic pollutants (EOPs) in aqueous systems, the heavy metals (HMs)-transfer mechanism has been given considerable attention again. Here, a facile molten-salt method is used to successfully convert banana waste into nanoflake-assembled biochar (BC350) for the first time. It is a type of macro-mesoporous biochar with a pore size composed of ~ 3.8 nm and ~ 50 nm, and its maximum adsorption capacities are 459 mg g −1 for Pb 2+ and 148 mg g −1 for tetracycline (TC), which outperforms the reported adsorbents ranging from several times to dozens of times. The pore-filling effect, electrostatic interaction, coordination affinities and π-π stacking as synergistically physical/chemical adsorption behaviors of BC350 on Pb 2+ /TC that has been comprehensively elucidated relying on adsorption kinetics and isotherms, and key effect parameter investigation. The competitive adsorption effect becomes insignificantly in the adsorption efficiency of BC350 on Pb 2+ /TC cross contamination at a control condition. Moreover, BC350 also exhibits outstanding adsorption efficiency (>95%) on Pb 2+ /TC in five industrial wastewater samples. This study contributes to a plausible mechanism in biochar adsorption removal of metal/organics cross contamination and its potential application explored in industrial wastewater treatment.

Efficacy of green waste-derived biochar for lead removal from aqueous systems: Characterization, equilibrium, kinetic and application

The removal of toxic metals from the aquatic ecosystem is one of the most pressing environmental and public health concerns today. A strong potential has recently emerged for the removal of such metals using biochar sorbents. Biosorption technology could make a significant difference in the future. It is a viable and cost-effective alternative to the remediation of toxic pollutants utilizing various biomaterials. In the current study, batch and fixed−bed studies were performed to evaluate the performance of Capsicum annuum L. seeds biochar (CASB) as an alternative material in removing toxic Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. Removal characteristics were investigated by considering the equilibrium and kinetic aspects. Biosorption equilibrium was established within 40 min. The optimum dosage of CASB for Pb(II) removal was determined as 2.0 g L−1. Biosorption data were well predicted by a non−linear Langmuir isotherm model. Monolayer biosorption occurred for CASB with a maximum capacity of 36.43 mg g−1. Biosorption kinetics fitted well with a pseudo−first−order kinetic model. The external mass transfer may control Pb(II) transport mechanism. Dynamic flow mode biosorption and regeneration potential of CASB were also examined. The application of CASB exhibited a 100% removal yield in real apple juice samples spiked with low concentrations of Pb(II). Exhausted points for the CASB packed columns were recorded as 195 and 320 min for simulated wastewater (SW) and synthetic Pb(II) solution, respectively. FTIR, BET, SEM−EDX analysis, and zeta potential measurements were used for the characterization of biochar and assessment of the metal ion−biosorbent interaction mechanism. Finally, our study provides a practical approach for the uptake of Pb(II) ions from contaminated solutions.