Waste Collection Centers Research Articles

Municipal Solid Waste Disposal and Its Environmental Implications in Wuse Zone 5, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria

Fast growing cities like Abuja are faced with challenges of municipal solid waste management. The paper examined municipal solid waste disposal methods and its environmental implications in Wuse Zone 5A, FCT, Abuja Nigeria. The study generated data from oral interviews and field observation. The findings reveal that attitudinal irresponsibility, ineptitude and graft have collectively resulted in the ugly system of solid waste disposal in Wuse Zone 5A. The study shows that the dumping of municipal solid wastes on the streets has impacted the environment negatively, some of these impacts are physical nuisance of the solid wastes to the environment, the waste collection centres serve as hideouts to rodents and other dangerous insects, the waste collection centers also emit offensive odour. The solid waste may decompose to emit methane gas, which contributes to climate change. The paper recommends that the AEPB should have adequate financial provision, public orientation and new environmental laws should be put in place, community full participation in waste management be encouraged, and a better method of waste collection be provided.

Designing solid waste collection strategy in small municipalities of developing countries using choice experiment

Household waste management is one of the major challenges of municipalities in developing countries. In many large cities, private service providers deliver the service of household waste collection for a fee, but in smaller cities this service is not always available as it may not be profitable for private providers as a result majority of the waste remains uncollected. Determining a waste collecting fee for the first time is challenging for any municipal authority. In this context, this study conducted a choice experiment (CE) survey to determine household preferences for a household waste collection system in Ilam municipality in eastern Nepal. CE is considered reliable and has increasingly been used to elicit preferences for goods and services. The results indicate that implicit price of the attributes of municipal waste management including waste collection frequency is USD 0.44 for an additional time per month, distance to waste collection center is USD 0.19/minute walk up to seven minutes and subsidy to bin is USD 0.038 for every 10% subsidy increase. Based on the implicit price and different combinations of attributes, households are willingness-to-pay between USD 0.20 to USD 0.75 per month for different household waste collection management schemes. The aggregated maximum willingness-to-pay of municipal households for waste collection services is USD 40,900, which is equivalent to the annual municipal expenditure on sanitation and street light activities.

An Application of Bilevel Optimization to the Waste Collection Centers Location Problem

An Application of Bilevel Optimization to the Waste Collection Centers Location Problem

Responsible Environmental Behaviour: An Observational Study of Packaging of Household Generated Waste for Disposal in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Improper waste disposal by one individual affects the entire citizenry. Government had advocated for the proper packaging of domestic waste at the household levels for the purposes of protecting the waste material being release into the environment especially during transit and for ease of collection of waste material especially at the waste collection centres. This paper assessed the practice of packaging household generated waste for disposal at Government designated waste collection centres. An observational (with non-participation) method was adopted. A total of 854 observations were made within the study period. A score of 100 marks was alloted to correct waste disposal practice and wrong waste disposal practices was given a score of 0 marks. Findings indicate that the behaviour of individuals to always properly package their household generated waste for disposal at designated collection points/centers are low. This study recommended increased awareness in creating positive environmental behaviour amongst citizens.

ARCHITECTURE AS A DEVICE: THE DESIGN OF WASTE RECYCLING COLLECTION CENTRES

Thinking about the architectural project as a broader process first requires reflecting on the role of architecture in urban transformation. The current debate’s main actors are theoreticians and architects, demonstrating that it is possible to direct one’s gaze to a new way of conceiving architecture as a device. The proposed topic is related to research conducted on the architecture and design of public spaces for waste recycling collection centres in the Department of Architecture of the University Federico II in Naples, Italy. The main idea is to conceive waste recycling collection centres not only for their service function but for public spaces in the city. The waste collection centres can have new associated functions, such as laboratories, markets, exhibition areas and rooms for educational activities. According to the guidelines of the Campania Region, a recycling collection centre is an area located in the city, and the number of centres is proportional to the number of citizens. According to these guidelines, the project wants to demonstrate that it is possible to avoid the NIMBY (Not In My Backyard) effect and to integrate this inconvenient function within the city centre, connecting these centres with other activities intended for community use that can be integrated with the size and the function of the recycling collection centre. This functional contamination does not mask an inconvenient function but increases the social value of these places. The case studies for designing waste recycling collection centres were developed according to the guidelines of this research and are described in this article.

The effect of informal learning environment upon students’ understanding of science-technology-society-environment

It is known that an informal learning environment (i.e., out-of-school) increases the quality of teaching and learning activities. Informal environments also provide many advantages such as enriching the content of learning. Moreover, it is emphasised that the science-technology-society-environment (STSE) learning does not effectively involve in the Turkish education system. From this point of view, informal learning environments should be considered in order to enable students’ understanding of the STSE relation. Within the scope of this study, it was aimed to determine the effectiveness of study visit on students’ understanding of STSE. The research was conducted with 14 male students in the 5th-grade level in the 2016– 2017 academic year. This research, which used a recycling-solid waste collection centre, a botanic garden, a planetarium, a science centre and a zoo, a few informal learning environments, was conducted according to the case study design method. In the study, views on science-technology-society questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, observation forms and diaries were used as data collection tools. The data indicated that the informal learning environments were inadequate to promote conceptual change; however, it was effective to comprehend newly learnt concepts. In addition, it was also concluded that informal learning environment provided students to capture the understanding of STSE relations. Keywords: Science-technology-society-environment (STSE), informal education, out-of-school environment.

Waste management assessment in Geneva through material system and resource analysis

In the canton of Geneva, public authorities use infrastructural and persuasive instruments to favour household waste sorting. The cantonal fund for waste management (CFWM) partly finances these policy instruments. The aim of this study is to assess household waste management (WM) in Geneva with a focus on waste sorting and the operation of the CFWM. This study relies on a new assessment method which combines material system analysis and policy analysis. This combination analyses how the resources used for household WM influence the state of the WM system. The assessment shows that the resources used by public authorities led to a growth in waste sorted and a decrease in waste incinerated in Geneva over the period 2002–2013. This trend, combined with a strong decrease in imported waste, induced the monopolisation by waste collection centres of the available funds in the CFWM budget at the expense of cantonal raising awareness. The assessment leads to two recommendations for decision makers. First, a policy instrument mix based on infrastructural and persuasive instruments constitutes an effective approach to favour waste sorting by households. Second, the use of a “disposal tax” does not constitute a sustainable approach to finance the operating costs of the sorting infrastructure.

Characterization Of The Health, Occupation And Environmental Conditions Of The Waste Pickers In Costa Rica

Introduction: In 2010, Costa Rica allows the Law for the Integrated Waste Management, which sorts all the citizens, government and industry to be responsible of managing the waste in an adequate way, considering all the life chain of a product since it is bought. This project set a combined work with local government (municipalities) and social organizations that pick solid waste to commercialize it. The objective is to describe the conditions of health, occupational and environment that workers have in 7 of those organizations. Method: The activities are set in three work lines which are: occupational health, environmental health and environmental management. About occupational and environmental health, tests of levels in noise, lighting and heat were made, in addition of pollution air with particulates and heavy metals. An interview to 100 workers will be done with the purpose of know about their occupational health conditions. Regarding the environmental management, 3 work meetings were set with those workers and the municipalities. Results: the levels of noise do not show a risk for people who work in waste collection centers. The measurement of lighting holds up that the level is insufficient in some specific places inside the centers. The heat inside of the centers is constant, but it seems to not cause damage to workers. Regarding the air samples, they are being analyzed by the laboratories. Also, two work meetings were realized: twice with workers and once with local governments. The interviews mentioned previously will be applied from April. Conclusions: The accomplishment of the law requirements by the corresponding entities has not been correct. The totality of the results is being analyzed, we expect that the project help the recognition of waste pickers to improve the access to social guarantees, and improve environmental conditions and occupational health.

Analysis of Improper Disposal of Solid Wastes in a Low-Income Area of Accra, Ghana

We examined the causes of poor sanitary condition in Gbawe, a low-income suburb of Accra, the capital city of Ghana in the current era of one of the worst epidemics of cholera in Accra which has been linked to improper disposal of wastes. This survey-based study identified improved and unimproved methods for disposal of household solid wastes. The likelihood of a person using an improved method of disposing solid wastes increased with increasing household income but it decreased with increasing number of household members. A conclusion arising from the study is the need for local government authorities to abolish the fees and charges imposed on users of public waste collection centres in order to encourage proper disposal of solid wastes. Indirect methods of financing local authorities such as increased levels of property taxes need to be explored to finance the development and maintenance of adequate numbers of public waste collection centres to encourage proper disposal of solid wastes by householders and the general public.

Household willingness-to-pay (WTP) for a better waste management system An empirical investigation in the. Mawanella Pradeshiya Sabha region

The Mawanella Pradeshiya Sabha in the Kegalle district that serves to a population of 100,280 hasintroduced a novel approach to manage its waste under its "Increased Public Awareness & LocalGovernment Capacity Building Program" in 2004. The key feature of this program was, educatingand encouraging households to collect and sort waste at its source, which was facilitated by distributionof plastic bags and waste bins with different colour codes designed for the purpose, and subsequently,treat the waste at specific dumping sites using the principles of recycling to produce marketableproducts. This study assesses the progress of this program, and in particular how much the householdsare WTP for continuation and advancement of the program, because the regulatory authorities insistthat it cannot run the program with taxpayers money for any longer time. A survey was conductedwith a help of a structured questionnaire with 120 households selected randomly to represent 31 %households joined to the pilot program in 2004. The WTP of each household was modeled with anumber of variables, includ ing age, income and education level, amount of waste production, distanceto waste collection centre etc. The Contingent Valuation techniques were employed to estimate thecoefficients of model. The results suggest that all variables, except the level of education. have apositive and significant impact on households' WTP for a better system. it was estimated that ahousehold, in general, would like to pay Rs. 39.05 per month to continue the program. The officialsfrom the Pradheshiya Sabha indicated that this is a rational estimate as it can cover the net operatingcost of about Rs. 25-30 per month per household, and the rest can be used to improve the system.

Route optimization for municipal solid waste disposal sites in Gondia, Maharashtra State, India

Municipal solid waste is mainly generated due to urbanization and development and has emerged as a severe threat to environment. Inappropriate disposal of municipal solid waste may harmfully affect environment and human health. Municipal solid waste management is desired for the solution of the problem of solid waste disposal pertaining to protection of the environment and conservation of natural resources. Gondia Municipal Council’s solid waste management in this study involves the collection of waste from various locations to some common point known as waste collection centre. The collected waste is then transported to nearest available facilities namely landfill site and disposal site. The main aim of this study is to exhibit the route optimization model for fixing collection centers, considering capacity of automobile as 3 tons being used for assortment and the distance between optimized collection centers and disposal facilities of solid waste with potential routes. The least distance locations of waste centers may be utilized by the municipal solid waste management for cost effectiveness with an objective of sustainable development of city. The outcome of the study reveals effective reduction of 22255 meters of distance coved per day by the automobile.

Distribution of coliform bacteria in waste water

Biological activity of water can be apparently judged by the colonization of bacteria (microbes). In order to find out the extent of pollution and the relationship between inorganic matters and microbiota, a quantitative and qualitative analysis of bacteria in various types of sewage waters, namely sewage water by the residential colonies (group I), industrial waste water (group II), sewage treatment hub (group III), unorganized collected waste water (group IV) and old residential waste collection center (group V), of Bikaner city (Rajasthan, India) was carried out from February, 2010 to May, 2010. Water samples were taken from surface only owing to low depth and investigated for various abiotic factors (viz. transparency, pH, carbonate, bicarbonate, total alkalinity, total hardness, salinity, chloride, calcium, magnesium, sulphate, nitrate, silica, and inorganic phosphorous) and biotic factors (viz. number and diversity of bacteria). The domestic sewage water causes major water borne diseases basing upon Total Bacterial Count (TBC) and coliform Count (CC). The coliform count in the present study ranged from 2.5 to 5.12 MPN/mL. Comparision of microbial population in sewage water from all different Groups was done and the higher values of TBC and CC were recorded only in Sewage treatement hub (Group III).

Quantitative and qualitative estimates of cross-border tobacco shopping and tobacco smuggling in France

Objective:In France, cigarette sales have fallen sharply, especially in border areas, since the price increases of 2003 and 2004. It was proposed that these falls were not due to people...

Volatile organic compounds in an urban airborne environment adjacent to a municipal incinerator, waste collection centre and sewage treatment plant

The occurrence and temporal distribution of airborne volatile organic compounds (VOC) at nine closely grouped locations in a suburban environment on the edge of the coastline of the Southampton Water estuary, located on the coastline of central southern England, was studied over six monthly periods spanning 1996–1997. The sampling sites circumscribed a juxtaposed municipal incinerator, waste collection and processing centre and sewage treatment plant. Three sets of airborne samples being taken before and after the closure of the municipal incinerator. VOC with volatilities of low to medium polarity ranging broadly from those of n-butane to n-octadecane were the major focus of interest. Over 100 individual compounds were routinely found in localised samples taken during the period of study. The types and concentrations of VOC identified partly reflect the imprint of the various waste processing operations on atmospheric VOC within the local environment. The most abundant VOC classes consisted of aromatic, chlorinated and organosulphide compounds, with smaller proportions of alkanes, alkenes and cycloalkane compounds. Compounds produced by sewage-processing and waste management operations, including volatile organosulphides and various oxygenated compounds, may occasionally exceed olfactory detection thresholds and represent a source of potential odour complaints in the local urban environment.

Recycling — an environmentally friendly and income generating activity towards sustainable solid waste management. Case study — Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania

Abstract Traditionally solid waste management has evolved as mainly the removal of municipal wastes by hauling them out of the city boundaries and dumping them ‘there’. This is in conformity with the ‘out of sight out of mind’ philosophy. However, with the ever increasing tonnage of refuse due to the expansion of urban centers, which implies increased collection, transportation and disposal costs, recycling is currently accepted as a sustainable approach to solid waste management. This paper reports on the findings of a study, conducted in the city of Dar es Salaam between the years 1993 and 1995, on the scavenging activities and recycling trends of some selected items in Dar es Salaam. Apart from the discussions on existing solid waste generation rates (2000 tonnes/day), composition (60% being organic/or vegetable matter) and their management in Dar es Salaam, the paper also presents data obtained through a survey of Vingunguti dump site and other waste collection centers. It was established that there are currently about 600 solid waste scavengers in Dar es Salaam, approximately 109 of whom operate at Vingunguti dump site and others at 14 different collection centers. Many of them opted for scavenging due to unemployment. The study findings indicate that their average monthly income exceeded the official minimum wage (at the time of study) enabling them to support their families. This demonstrates the potential of recycling to generate gainful employment with implied lower crime rates among the unemployed. Recycling activities in the city were observed to be not only a critical source of raw materials for small-scale industries, in the absence of which they would cease to operate, but also a widely accepted environmentally friendly technology for solid waste management. Out of 294 tonnes of studied waste materials (paper, metal, plastic, glass and textiles) only 4 tonnes are recovered and recycled. The remaining 290 tonnes/day of recyclable material are left to pollute the environment or are collected and transported for final disposal and, therefore, unnecessarily contribute to the shortening of the life span of the dump site. Finally, the paper gives some recommendations for improved recycling activity so as to make it an important means of reducing the overall volume of waste materials to be transported and deposited in the dump site and at the same time provide a potential opportunity for employment for unskilled workers.