Ceramic Tile Waste Research Articles

Effects of Waste Glass Bottle Nanoparticles and High Volume of Waste Ceramic Tiles on Concrete Performance When Exposed to Elevated Temperatures: Experimental and Theoretical Evaluations

This article reports the durability performance of modified concrete with silica nanoparticles and a high volume of waste ceramic tiles under varying elevated temperatures. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was replaced with 60% waste ceramic tiles powder (WTCPs) and supplemented with 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% nanopowders from waste glass bottles (WGBNPs) as a rich source of silica. The natural aggregates (both coarse and fine) were fully replaced by the crushed waste ceramic tiles (WTCAs). After 28 days of curing, the modified specimens were exposed to varying elevated temperatures (200, 400, 600, and 800 °C) in a furnace followed by air cooling. Tests such as residual compressive strength, weight loss, ultrasonic plus velocity, visual appearance, and microstructural analysis were conducted. Additionally, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to validate the performance of the proposed predictive equations, as well as their terms, using p-values and F-values. It was discerned that OPC substitution with WTCPs and WGBNPs significantly improved the concrete’s performance under elevated temperatures. It is observed that the addition of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% WGBNPs lowered the concrete deterioration by increasing the residual strength and reducing both internal and external cracks. This study provides some new insights into the utilization of WTCPs and WGBNPs to produce sustainable and eco-friendly modified concrete with high spalling resistance characteristics at elevated temperatures.

Experimental and numerical investigation of the properties of concrete with ceramic tile waste and stone dust as substitutes for natural aggregates

Rapid urbanization and infrastructure development around the world have led to the overexploitation of natural aggregates and increased industrial waste disposal, posing significant environmental challenges. Utilizing daily-generated, non-recyclable waste materials in concrete production can address these issues while promoting sustainability. Therefore, this paper focuses on adapting ceramic tile waste and stone dust in concrete as partial replacements for natural aggregates, since they are both cost-effective and environmentally friendly. In this study, coarse aggregate was replaced with ceramic tile aggregate at 10%, 20%, and 30% levels, while fine aggregate was substituted with stone dust at 30%, 40%, and 50% levels. The mechanical properties of concrete at 28 days, such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, and bond strength, were experimentally investigated for all mixes. Afterward, finite element models were developed using ABAQUS, and comparisons were made between experimental and numerical results. The test results indicated that replacing aggregates with tile waste and stone dust increased the overall strength of the concrete compared to conventional concrete, with the maximum compressive, tensile, and bond strengths achieved in the 30% ceramic tile aggregate and 30% stone dust mix. The numerical results showed that the proposed finite element models in this study agreed well with the experimental results.

Mechanical properties and radiological implications of replacing sand with waste ceramic aggregate in ordinary concrete

The mining of aggregates for the production of concrete creates ecological problems. In this study, the effect of partially replacing sand as fine aggregate (FA) with waste ceramic tiles (WCT) on the density, compressive strength (CS), specific radioactivity of naturally occurring radioactive materials (238U, 232Th, and 40K), and the radiation shielding competence of concrete was investigated. Ordinary concrete samples consisting of cement, fine aggregate (river sand), coarse aggregate (granite), and water were prepared in 50 mm × 50 mm x 50 mm cubical steel moulds. The samples were coded as C-WCT0, C-WCT5, C-WCT10, C-WCT15, C-WCT20, and C-WCT25, representing concrete samples in which the FA component was replaced by 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% pulverized WCT, respectively. The CS and density of the samples were determined after 7-, 14-, and 28-day curing periods. The gamma spectrometric method was used to determine the specific activity of 238U, 232Th, and 40K using a hyper pure germanium detector. The photon and neutron shielding parameters of the concrete blocks were calculated with the aid of the EPICS2017 cross-section library and relevant standard formulae. The mean CS for each concrete category increase with curing age. The density of the concrete varied from 2213 kg/m3 to 2488 kg/m3 as the FA replacement level rose to 15%. Using WCT as a partial replacement for FA altered the chemical composition and decreased the specific activities of 238U, 232Th, and 40K, in the concrete samples. C-WCT15 had the best gamma photon and fast neutron absorption features among the concrete samples. The use of WCT as aggregate in concrete production is a sustainable and environmental-friendly way of producing concrete for general civil engineering and shielding applications in medical and other radiation facilities. This study also affirms that using alternative materials with lower specific activity to replace sand is radiologically desirable in reducing the indoor radiation dose of occupants of concrete-based structures. The replacement of 15% sand by WCT produced stronger, radiologically safer, and more effective radiation absorbing concrete.

Compressive Strength, Workability, and Durability Performance of Concrete Incorporating Waste Ceramic Tile as Fine Aggregate

Compressive Strength, Workability, and Durability Performance of Concrete Incorporating Waste Ceramic Tile as Fine Aggregate

Experimental investigation of mechanical properties and multi-objective optimization of electronic, glass, and ceramic waste-mixed concrete.

The utilization of waste from various sources plays an important role in minimizing environmental pollution and civil construction costs. In this research, the mechanical properties of concrete were studied by mixing electronic waste (EW), glass powder (GW), and ceramic tile waste (CW). The effects of weight percentages of EW, GW, and CW are considered to investigate improvements in mechanical properties such as compressive strength (CS), split tensile strength (STS), and flexural strength (FS) of concrete. Taguchi analysis has been applied to predict the optimum composition of waste mixing percentages. The Multi-Objective Optimization Ratio Analysis (MOORA) techniques are applied to estimate the optimum composition of mixing wastes for maximizing the CS, STS, and FS of concrete. It was observed that 10 wt.% of EW, 15 wt.% of GW, and 30 wt.% of CW are predicted as the optimal mixing combinations to obtain a maximum compressive strength of 48.763 MPa, a split tensile strength of 4.178 MPa, and a flexural strength of 7.737 MPa, respectively. Finally, the predicted optimum waste-mixed weight percentages were used to examine the microstructure and various elements in the concrete using SEM and XRD analysis. When compared to conventional concrete, the optimum waste-mixed concrete has improved its compressive strength (38.453%), split tensile strength (41.149%), and flexural strength (36.215%).

Mechanical Properties of Concrete Manufactured Using Amorphous Silica and Waste Ceramics: An Experimental Investigation

Researchers are continuously studying the properties and functionality of cement and other aggregates, which are made from a combination of modern materials and different waste. In the current study, a series of experiments were conducted to compare the use of three different types of mixes. In the first mix, amorphous silica was used in place of cement; in the second, Waste Ceramics was used in place of sand; and in the third mix, both materials were combined to create concrete of M20 grade. These materials were used in place of cement and sand in varying amounts, such as 0%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30%. The properties analyzed were workability by Slump cone and the compressive strengths after 3, 21, and 28 days. The main conclusions is the addition of amorphous silica affects consistency and setting time, as well as increasing compressive strength up to a certain limit. However, it has been observed that workability of concrete increases with the combined use of Amorphous Silica and Waste Ceramic Tiles. Compressive strength: It has been observed Maximum C3 compressive strength is found at 20% replacement of cement with Amorphous Silica after 3, 21 and 28 days of curing. Maximum compressive strength is found at 20% replacement of sand with Waste Ceramics after 3, 21 and 28 days of curing. Maximum XV compressive strength is found at 20% replacement of both cement and sand after 3, 21 and 28 days of curing. Compressive strength of concrete mix was increased slowly when both the chief ingredients were replaced by Amorphous Silica and Waste Ceramic Tiles. Split tensile strength at 3 days, 21 days and 28 days increased up to 20% and then decreases. Flexural strength at 3 days, 21 days and 28 days increased up to 20% and then decreases.

Sustainable reuse of waste ceramic tiles powder and waste brick powder as a replacement for cement on green high strength concrete properties

Nowadays, reducing construction waste has grabbed the attention. As bricks and ceramic tiles represent more than 50% of the ceramic waste in many European countries. Thus, the recycling of this waste type is one of the most significant challenges within the paradigm of the circular economy. This paper investigated the impact of substitution levels of cement by waste ceramic powder (WCP) and waste brick powder (WBP) at 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%, on the HSC characteristics. The WBP and WCP materials were characterized in detail by laser granulometry, XRF and XRD measurements, followed by standard mixing, production, and curing of concrete samples. The experiments on dry density, modulus of elasticity, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, compressive strength, resistance to sulfate attack, water absorption and ultrasonic pulse velocity were conducted to evaluate the hardened properties of concrete. It was demonstrated that the durability and strength of concrete containing WBP and WCP as partial replacements for cement are marginally inferior to those of the control sample. On the other hand, samples containing WBP had a lesser negative effect on HSC properties in comparison with samples containing WCP. However, employing a 5% WBP with 10% WCP mixture enhanced the characteristics of the HSC in comparison to samples containing various percentages of WCP individually. In addition, the microstructure analyses revealed that the addition of 10% WCP and 5%WBP to HSC specimens resulted in higher hydration products and a slightly denser concrete matrix compared to samples containing various percentages of WCP individually. Research findings indicate that a 15% substitution of cement with WCP or WBP illustrated an environmental benefit in concrete production due to a 13.1% reduction in specific energy consumption.

Evaluation of Waste Ceramic Tiles, Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement and Recycle Concrete Aggregate as Pavement Sub-Base

The use of various reclaimed or recycled materials from ancient structures as a source of construction materials has become common in modern road and pavement engineering procedures due to the shortage of fresh natural aggregate supplies and rising processing prices. Waste ceramic tiles (WCT), reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) have all been used for a long time as aggregates in the construction of pavement. WCT, RAP, and RCA are all thoroughly analyzed in this paper, with a focus on their mechanical, environmental, and physical properties. To evaluate the load-bearing ability, drainage capabilities, and long-term durability of these substitute materials when applied as pavement sub-base, laboratory tests and performance analysis were carried out. Since different mixtures of these materials are created, the maximum California bearing ratio of 25.54% is found. By promoting the usage of recycled materials, eliminating waste, and lowering the carbon footprint associated with conventional construction processes, this initiative helps to sustainably build out transportation infrastructure.

Performance of Ceramic Tiles Waste as a Partial Replacement of Brick Aggregate on Mechanical and Durability Properties of Concrete

The availability of natural aggregates such as stone chips is a particularly challenging issue nowadays. Ceramic materials are increasingly being used in new projects such as tiles, sanitary fittings, electrical insulators, and so on, due to ceramic’s fragile properties, which often break during production, shipping, and installation. So, ceramic waste is one of these materials that are probably cost-efficient to use as a substitution (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%) for brick chips. This research examined the mechanical strength properties of ceramic tile waste (CTW) concrete, including its compressive strength and splitting tensile strength, and utilized a water absorption test to assess its durability and performance. This research used a mix ratio of 1:1.5:3 with a constant water-cement ratio (w/c) of 0.45, and a water-reducing superplasticizer named Conplast SP337 was used. For the mechanical and durability tests, a total of seventy-two (72) concrete cylinders of 100 mm × 200 mm were cast, cured, and tested at 7, and 28 days. Mechanical strength results revealed a significant increase of around 16.71% for 50% CTW concrete mixtures at the place of brick aggregates, and the water absorption performance improved with the incorporation of CTW in concrete mixes.

Performance analysis of Fiber Reinforced Concrete by Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate with Waste Ceramic Tiles

Performance analysis of Fiber Reinforced Concrete by Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate with Waste Ceramic Tiles

Using nano-CaCO3 and ceramic tile waste to design low-carbon ultra high performance concrete

Abstract China’s annual production of ceramic tiles inevitably produces a large amount of ceramic tile waste, which causes environmental and land occupation problems. Using a high-volume ceramic tile waste to fabricate ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) will reduce the workability and mechanical properties but increase the low-carbon properties. Motivated by such mechanical and low-carbon properties, this study introduced inexpensive, spherical, low-carbon nano-CaCO3 (NC) to improve the workability and mechanical properties of UHPC with a high volume of ceramic tile waste powder and aggregate (UHPCHCTWPA). The results of this study indicated that NC can improve the workability but shortened the setting times of UHPCHCTWPA. NC also significantly increases the mechanical properties including compressive strength, compressive work, flexural strength, fracture energy, and ratio of flexural strength to compressive strength. It is due to that NC enhances the hydration rate and hydration degree, and optimizes hydration product orientation, size, and distribution. Moreover, compared with UHPC, the UHPCHCTWPA with NC reduces energy intensity, CO2 emission, and cost by more than 20%. Therefore, adding NC can make UHPCHCTWPA with good workability, mechanical and low-carbon properties and can effectively and quickly utilize ceramic tile waste.

Influence of Luffa fibers thermomechanical treatment and ceramic roof tile waste on performance of cementitious composites

The performance of vegetable fibers and the insertion use of different residues in as substitution for cement are important crucial factors to be evaluated to assess in composites. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate the efficiency of thermomechanically treated vegetable fibers and the replacement of 40% of the cement mass with ceramic roof tile waste (CRW) in fiber-cement composites. Thermomechanical treatment of Luffa cylindrical fibers (LC) at 160 °C resulted in reduced absorption in composites with added ceramic roof tile waste (CRW-160) after 1 year of aging. This indicated improved mechanical performance and durability compared to composites with natural fibers. In the CRW-160 matrix, no cracks were observed, and the fibers exhibited greater pullout. The results of aged composites (CRW-160) demonstrated superior performance compared to matrices with only cement and LC fibers, as well as composites with a 40% cement replacement by CRW. This suggests that the combined use of thermomechanically treated LC fibers and partial cement replacement with CRW can enhance composite durability, reduce cement usage, and increase the utilization of discarded waste.

Optimization of stability and flow of modified asphalt concrete using ceramic tile waste and quarry dust

Optimization of stability and flow of modified asphalt concrete using ceramic tile waste and quarry dust

RESEARCH OF CONCRETE SAMPLING OBTAINED FROM CERAMIC WASTE

The presented research work refers to the study of the properties of heat-resistant concrete made with ceramic tile waste produced by the "Gilan Seramic" plant. The possibilities of using ceramic scraps and some physico-chemical properties, application and advantages of heat-resistant concrete are specifically shown in this work. In the obtaining of concrete, waste ceramics were used instead of natural raw materials. Waste ceramic replaced gravel 25%, 50%, 75%. Concrete samples were prepared according to the M400 brand concrete production technology. Waste concrete samples were prepared in molds in the forms of a cube with dimensions of 40×40×40 mm, a rectangular 40×40×160 mm parallelepiped, and a 40×100 mm cylinder. Concrete samples were analyzed after 28 days of hardening. The concrete samples obtained on the basis of waste ceramics were subjected to the settling test according to the standards, the average density of the concrete mixture was determined, the bending strength, the compressive strength, and the temperature resistance were studied. As a result of the research, it was found that all the concrete samples obtained belong to the light concrete class. The limit of temperature resistance of prepared concrete samples is one of the main goals of the research. In this study, a BioBas MX8-13T model muffle electric furnace with a maximum operating temperature of 1300 ºC was used. At each target temperature, the samples were kept for 1-1.5 h, and at the next stage, they were gradually cooled under control. After cooling, the structure of the samples was analyzed, and the samples with positive results were subjected to the next temperature test. Concrete samples reacted differently to various temperature ranges.

An Experimental Investigation of a High-Density Concrete with Waste Ceramic Tiles Used as an Aggregate

Abstract: The use of waste material as aggregates in civil engineering applications is beneficial and increasingly desirable because it reduces the environmental impact and economic cost of mining, processing, and transportation operations. Therefore, this study focused on establishing the effect of crushed tile on the compressive strength of concrete. In this research investigation, ceramic waste tile waste was substituted for natural coarse aggregate in concrete to varying degrees from (0, 10, 20, and 30%), and the M-20 graded concrete was used to produce high density concrete. After 3, 7, and 28 days of the curing process, few number of new concrete mould were casted and evaluated about the Compressive Strength and Split Tensile Strength. The findings of these results showed that 35% replacement of naturally made coarse aggregate with the ceramic tile aggregate which contributes the higher compressive strength to produce the high-density concrete in construction industry.

Characteristics of functional water retaining porous ceramics prepared from waste diatomite and waste ceramics tiles

This paper reports on the use of waste ceramics tiles and waste diatomite in the synthesis of a novel porous ceramics construction material (WRPC) for moisture retention. Experiments were performed to elucidate the impact of sintering temperature (1000 °C–1200 °C) and the proportion of waste ceramics tiles (0 %–40 %) on mechanical properties and water absorption performance. The crystalline phases and constituent minerals were identified using X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The proportion of waste ceramic material in the mix was positively correlated with volume shrinkage and inversely correlated with porosity. Sintering temperature was positively correlated with density and compressive strength, and negatively correlated with porosity and water absorption capacity. The primary crystal phase in the WRPC was identified as cristobalite, the intensity of which decreased with an increase in the content of material derived from waste ceramics tile. Under high heating temperatures, all of the quartz in the WRPC samples transformed into cristobalite, resulting in good chemical and thermal stability. The WRPC samples exhibited high compressive strength (>3 MPa), high water absorption capacity (>0.15 g/m2), and slow water-releasing behavior (t1/2 = 4.1−17.3 h). Experiment results confirmed that waste ceramic tiles and waste diatomite could be transformed into construction materials of practical value.

Influence of mechanical activation on the behavior of green high-strength mortar including ceramic waste

Abstract Solid waste management is a significant environmental issue for countries because of the need for huge landfills. The ceramic tile waste powder (CWP) is one of the wastes. Conversely, cement production, the main ingredient in concrete, emits large quantities of greenhouse gases, a significant environmental concern. Therefore, substituting some of the cement in concrete with CWP is an issue that deserves investigation to reduce the environmental impact of both materials. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate the influence of the grinding time and proportion of CWP as a substitute for cement on the properties of high-strength mortar (HSM). Three grinding times (10, 15, and 20 minutes) and three replacement percentages (10%, 20%, and 30% by weight) for CWP were adopted for each time. Ten mixtures (including the reference mixture) were executed. The fresh (flow rate), mechanical (compressive strength) durability (ultrasonic pulse velocity, dynamic elastic modulus, water absorption, density, percentage of voids and electrical resistivity) and microstructural properties were examined. The life cycle assessment (LCA) was also addressed. The results showed that the mechanical activation had a pronounced effect on the durability properties (especially water absorption and percentage of voids) more than on the compressive strength. Generally, a sustainable HSM (with more than 70 MPa of compressive strength) can be produced in which 30% of the cement was replaced with CWP with almost comparable performance to the CWP-free mortar. Furthermore, LCA results showed that mortars containing 30% CWP ground for 15 mins (GT15CWP30) had the lowest GWP per MPa.

Progress in Green and Low-carbon Technologies development of Building Ceramics Industry

As global and domestic concerns about climate change intensify, the development and adoption of green and low-carbon manufacturing technologies to effectively reduce resource consumption, energy usage, and greenhouse gas emissions have emerged as primary trends in the evolution of the building ceramics industry under the backdrop of the “dual carbon” strategy. This article systematically reviews the commercially applied and research-stage green and low-carbon technologies within the current building ceramics industry. It conducts a carbon emission reduction potential analysis for various technologies, identifies constraints in the technology promotion process, and highlights the substantial carbon reduction potential of clean energy substitution technologies and manufacturing process optimization technologies. Technologies such as raw material substitution, high-quality service, and waste ceramic tile recycling and regeneration contribute significantly to economic and environmental benefits, but are still in developmental stages. The article also discusses the application of methods such as life cycle assessment and carbon footprint analysis in the evaluation of green and low-carbon technologies in the field of building ceramics. It discusses the trends and limiting factors of different green and low-carbon technologies, offering suggestions and support for the building ceramics industry’s transition towards a low-carbon and environmentally friendly direction.

Experimental Study on Geopolymer Concrete with Waste Tiles Powder

While cement is not a green substance, the concrete industry is presently working toward creating sustainable concrete, employing industrial by-products to partially replace cementitious ingredients. To replace cement, the creation of eco-friendly concrete is facilitated using industrial wastes in geopolymer concrete (GPC), which also encourages waste recycling. Fly ash geopolymer has been utilized as a replacement for traditional cement concrete. An environmentally friendly and economically advantageous substitute for conventional concrete is geopolymer concrete with ceramic tile waste powder. To identify some superior alternatives for making GPC, the present study includes an experimental investigation on the compressive strength of GPC created from various other options and quantities of Fly ash and wastage tiles powder. Another focus of this research is on eliminating environmental waste for a better society. In this study, nine distinct types of concrete cylinders were produced, each with 5%, 10%, and 20% of fly ash replaced with GCV (Geopolymer Concrete with Vitrified Tile Powder) and GCW (Geopolymer concrete with wall tiles powder), respectively. Even though the replacement percentages are not so high, they do matter in terms of maintaining a sustainable, environmentally friendly workplace and managing waste. Additionally, geopolymer concretes are made without the use of heat curing, which encourages sustainability in the generation of thermal energy.

Ability of Ceramic Tiles Waste as a Pre-treatment for Laundry Wastewater

The discharge of laundry of laundry wastewater (LWW) into rivers contaminates the water and exposes it to harmful chemicals present in detergents and fabric softeners. This draws attention to the need to implement treatment for LWW. This study focused on determining the ability of ceramic tiles to remove total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from commercial LWW. The coarse aggregate of ceramic tile waste (CTW) was used as the adsorbent. The effectiveness of CTW as an adsorbent to remove TP and COD in LLW was determined by using different adsorbent dosages, contact times, and shaking speeds in a batch experiment. LWW samples were collected from the discharged point of commercial laundry shop. The results revealed that the highest TP removal was 71% with a dosage of 6 g/100 ml ceramic adsorbent, a contact time of 90 minutes, and a shaking speed of 100 rpm. Meanwhile, the highest removal of COD was 80% at a dosage of 6 g/100 mL of ceramic adsorbent, a contact time of 90 minutes, and a shaking speed of 300 rpm. The optimal value of removal for COD 60 mg/L and TP is 1.79 mg/L while pH value is 7.13. Thus, it can be concluded that the CTW aggregate as an adsorbent was effective in reducing TP and COD from LWW.