Waste Biomass Research Articles

Enzymatic hydrolysis of waste streams originating from wastewater treatment plants

BackgroundAchieving climate neutrality is a goal that calls for action in all sectors. The requirements for improving waste management and reducing carbon emissions from the energy sector present an opportunity for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to introduce sustainable waste treatment practices. A common biotechnological approach for waste valorization is the production of sugars from lignocellulosic waste biomass via biological hydrolysis. WWTPs produce waste streams such as sewage sludge and screenings which have not yet been fully explored as feedstocks for sugar production yet are promising because of their carbohydrate content and the lack of lignin structures. This study aims to explore the enzymatic hydrolysis of various waste streams originating from WWTPs by using a laboratory-made and a commercial cellulolytic enzyme cocktail for the production of sugars. Additionally, the impact of lipid and protein recovery from sewage sludge prior to the hydrolysis was assessed.ResultsTreatment with a laboratory-made enzyme cocktail produced by Irpex lacteus (IL) produced 31.2 mg sugar per g dry wastewater screenings. A commercial enzyme formulation released 101 mg sugar per g dry screenings, corresponding to 90% degree of saccharification. There was an increase in sugar levels for all sewage substrates during the hydrolysis with IL enzyme. Lipid and protein recovery from primary and secondary sludge prior to the hydrolysis with IL enzyme was not advantageous in terms of sugar production.ConclusionsThe laboratory-made fungal IL enzyme showed its versatility and possible application beyond the typical lignocellulosic biomass. Wastewater screenings are well suited for valorization through sugar production by enzymatic hydrolysis. Saccharification of screenings represents a viable strategy to divert this waste stream from landfill and achieve the waste treatment and renewable energy targets set by the European Union. The investigation of lipid and protein recovery from sewage sludge showed the challenges of integrating resource recovery and saccharification processes.

Developing a cost-effective and eco-friendly adsorbent/photocatalyst using biomass and urban waste for crystal violet removal and antimicrobial applications

Developing a cost-effective and eco-friendly adsorbent/photocatalyst using biomass and urban waste for crystal violet removal and antimicrobial applications

Sustainable Utilization of Waste Biomass: Pyrolysis Kinetics of Jujube Pits and Lithium Storage Behavior of Pyrolytic Carbon

Sustainable Utilization of Waste Biomass: Pyrolysis Kinetics of Jujube Pits and Lithium Storage Behavior of Pyrolytic Carbon

Ultra-stable, lightweight and superelastic waste flax-based aerogel for multifunctional applications

Multifunctional aerogels constructed from natural waste biomass have attracted great attention in the fields of green energy harvesting, flexible wearable sensing and natural environment restoration. However, the complex and polluted extraction of natural materials and the poor mechanical property have seriously hindered the development of natural material-based aerogels. Hence, a novel aerogel with capabilities of high-elasticity, stabilized constructions and weightlessness was prepared via waste flax staple fibers (simply physically disrupting) and multi-walled carbon tubes. Due to the assistance of cross-linking agent and carbon tubes, the aerogel was endowed with multiple properties including high photothermal conversion (97.2 %), superstability at the wide range of 0–29 KPa and outstanding compression resilience at different strains (up to 60 % and 100 cycles). Consequently, it is promising that the fabricated aerogel may be as a piezoresistive sensor to monitor different locations of the body for continuous detection of motor behavior. Further, the sample was also utilized as an evaporator with excellent water evaporation effect (1.93 kg·m−2·h−1) under 1 sun and to efficiently purify various types of wastewater for obtaining pure water. This multi-purpose aerogels prepared in this work display admirable potential for efficient environmental purification, advanced smart materials and green energy harvesting.

Effect of vinyl silane–treated plant root waste biomass cellulose on pineapple fiber-vinyl ester composites: a characterization study

Effect of vinyl silane–treated plant root waste biomass cellulose on pineapple fiber-vinyl ester composites: a characterization study

Understanding the carbendazim adsorption from water using biochar derived from apple pomace and industrial wastewater sludge: experimental and DFT approaches.

Biochars derived from apple pomace (AP-BC) and industrial wastewater sludge (IS-BC) were used to investigate adsorption performance and mechanism for removing carbendazim from water and compare its performance with commercial biochar (commercial BC). The results showed that the adsorption capacity of AP-BC and IS-BC were 76 mg g-1 and 82 mg g-1 respectively that was comparable with the commercial BC (80 mg g-1). The adsorption kinetics and isotherms were best described by the Pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models. Thermodynamic analysis suggested thathigher temperatures can enhance the mobility of molecules, increased mobility facilitates more frequent and stronger interactions between the adsorbate molecules and the surface of the adsorbent material, leading to greater adsorption capacity. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed carbendazim's weak electrophilic nature, supporting the primary physisorption mechanism. Even after five cycles of recycling, both biochars maintained a consistent carbendazim removal efficiency of around 82%, highlighting their high reusability. In this study, the examination of waste-derived biochar's economic feasibility revealed that using biochars derived from waste biomass for large-scale wastewater treatment applications is an economically viable choice.

N, S-codoped porous biochar derived from bagasse-based polycondensate for high-performance CO2 capture and supercapacitor

The utilization of in-situ heteroatom doping and carbonization techniques to produce porous biochar from waste biomass sources has the potential to significantly enhance electrochemical and CO2 adsorption performance of supercapacitors. In this work, an initiative N, S-codoped biochar was prepared through carbonation and KOH-activated pyrolysis of bagasse-based polycondensate precursors, which were synthesized using sugarcane bagasse as a carbon source, 3-amino-5-methio-1,2,4-triazole as a nitrogen and sulfur source and triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC) as a cross-linker, for efficient CO2 capture and energy storage. Through comprehensive material characterization and testing of the electrochemical and CO2 adsorption performance of the N,S-codoped bagasse-based porous biochar (NSBPB), the results demonstrated that the mesoporeous structure and the N, S-codoping displayed a significant synergistic effect on electrochemical and CO2 adsorption properties. The optimized NSBPB-600-2 displayed a CO2 adsorption capacity of 3.76 mmol g−1, and no significant decrease in adsorption capacity was observed over consecutive ten cycles. Moreover, the NSBPB-600-2 electrode delivered a specific capacitance of 217F g−1, and the NSBPB-600-2 symmetric supercapacitor exhibited a energy density of 13 Wh·kg−1. This approach invoving in-situ heteroatom doping of porous carbon materials using clean biomass carbon sources not only offers the advantages of simplicity, environmental friendliness and low cost, but also holds great potential for applications in CO2 capture and separation, as well as in supercapacitors.

A green method for the preparation of carbon quantum dots from yellow lupin peel waste for spectrofluorometric determination of nirmatrelvir

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need for effective antiviral agents. One such promising drug is nirmatrelvir (NIRMA), which has demonstrated the ability to inhibit viral replication and reduce hospitalization and mortality rates. In the field of analytical chemistry, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) derived from fruit peel waste have gained attention for their eco-friendly and cost-effective properties. In this study, CQDs were synthesized from the peel biomass waste of yellow lupin and utilized for the spectrofluorometric determination of NIRMA in pharmaceutical tablets. The proposed method offers simplicity and speed compared to existing methods. The synthesis process involved washing and grinding the peel waste, followed by heating in propylene glycol and purification using a dialysis membrane. The resulting CQD solution showed fluorescence at an emission wavelength of 411 nm upon excitation at 325 nm. The validation of the method, including linearity, range, limit of detection and quantification, accuracy, precision, and robustness, was conducted following ICH guidelines. The fluorescence intensities exhibited a linear relationship with increasing NIRMA concentration in the range of 15–150 µg/mL. The limit of detection found to be 4.0 μg/mL, with %relative standard deviations ≤ 1.46. This spectrofluorometric method represents a novel approach for the determination of NIRMA using CQDs derived from yellow lupin peel waste.

Development of polysaccharide bioplastic: Analysis of thermo-mechanical properties and different environmental implications

Despite the distinct benefits of plastics, the environmental impacts stemming from their production and accumulation in the environment have become a global concern. Therefore, the development of new technologies that mitigate these impacts is of notable importance. The present study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical properties of starch-xylan-based bioplastic, and to discuss the viability of this material in terms of applications and ecological impacts. Holocellulose, xylan, and α-cellulose were extracted from waste biomass and combined with starch for bioplastic production. Solubility in food simulants (3% acetic acid, and 90% ethanol) was performed for xylan and starch-based bioplastics. Bioplastic was evaluated to grow Aspergillus versicollor for xylanase production. The bioplastic was evaluated as a photoprotector with yeast exposed to UVC light-covered by the bioplastic for 2 h. Bioplastic disintegration was evaluated in different soil moistures and the disintegration on the surface of the compost. Liquid washes from soils exposed to bioplastic biodegradation were tested for Lactuca sativa seed germination/inhibition. Water from a local lake was exposed to bioplastic and microbial cell density modification was verified. Images of the surface of the bioplastics were obtained by scanning electron microscopy, and characterized by thermogravimetric and dynamic-mechanical analysis. The xylan addition in bioplastic led to a material with a 40–50% decreased ultraviolet light transmittance. An increase in xylan concentration reduced solubility in lipid food simulant solutions, with no fatty solubilization with 25% of xylan. It suggests potential applications in photoprotective and packaging contexts. The thermal degradation temperature of the pure starch bioplastic was 324 °C, and the addition of 10% (287 °C), 15% (286 °C), and 25% (296 °C) xylan (w/w) indicated a reduction in thermal resistance, possibly due to suboptimal interaction between polymer chains. The decrease in crystallinity in the compositions 10/90% (Xc = 20%), 15/85% xylan/starch (Xc = 21%) compared to 25/75% xylan/starch (Xc = 11%) also underscored the complexity of polymer interactions within the bioplastic matrix. Tensile strength of pure starch was 1.21 MPa, while the composition of 15/85% xylan/starch exhibited improved strength 2.99 MPa. Further investigation into the interaction between starch and xylan is warranted. Concerning the disintegration of the 25/75% xylan/starch formulation in the soil, the humidity of the soil matrix played a significant role. The disintegration occurred over 5 days and 16 days in compost (55% humidity) and soil (32.6% humidity), respectively. The results of phytotoxicity (Lactuca sativa seeds) and changes in the physicochemical and biological profile of water (smell, turbidity, phosphorus and nitrogen levels, pH, and bacterial and phytoplankton density/richness), in response to exposure to bioplastics, highlight the necessity of developing this biologically-based and biodegradable technology in concerns about potential environmental impacts. Furthermore, the present study introduces the approach of bioplastic waste recycling using enzyme production biotechnology. In line with the legitimacy of bioplastics as important materials for addressing the challenges posed by their non-biodegradable synthetic counterparts, the presented results broaden the discourse on the feasibility of this biologically based material, contributing to the development of a sustainable society.

Green iron and syngas production via continuous solar-driven agricultural waste biomass gasification combined with iron(III) oxide reduction

The production of renewable synthetic fuels and chemicals from solar energy and agricultural waste biomass is considered. Solar thermochemical conversion processes offer a promising pathway to a sustainable fuel economy and green chemical industry. This study investigates the continuous solar-driven gasification of agricultural biomass (betel nut waste) combined with iron oxide (Fe2O3) reduction to produce carbon-neutral syngas and green metallic iron in a single process. A thermodynamic analysis of the system was initially conducted to predict the distribution of equilibrium products. Then, on-sun continuous processing was experimentally carried out under different operating conditions, including betel/Fe2O3 molar ratios (0.56–1.5) and temperatures (900–1200 °C) to evaluate the process feasibility and reliability. As a result, solar gasification of betel nut waste combined with Fe2O3 reduction performed exceptionally well with continuous reactant particles feeding, demonstrating a feasible pathway for producing green iron and high-quality syngas. The maximum syngas yield reached 63.3 mmol/gdry_betel, approaching its theoretical value, and high-purity Fe was simultaneously produced. The process demonstrated high efficiency, with maximum carbon conversion approaching 98 %, energy upgrade factor up to 1.26, and solar-to-fuel energy conversion efficiency up to 14.4 %, highlighting remarkable conversion performance of biomass and solar energy to chemicals.

Developments in biochar incorporated geopolymers and alkali activated materials: A systematic literature review

Annually, industries related to agricultural products generate substantial volumes of waste biomass, presenting critical challenges for solid waste management due to its environmental and health implications. Pyrolysis emerges as a significant technique for converting such waste into biochar (BC), a material with notable internal microstructure, porosity, and chemical properties, contingent on the feedstock and processing conditions. BC is recognized for its exceptional water retention and alkalinity, primarily utilized for soil enhancement and fertilization. Its application across various fields, particularly in enhancement for sustainability, has gained momentum. This review meticulously explores BC's role in sustainable composites, focusing on geopolymers and alkali-activated binders through a comprehensive examination of existing literature, underscored by bibliometric analysis. This pioneering review, leveraging the PRISMA framework and VOSviewer for bibliometric insights, aims to bridge the research gap in this evolving domain, offering a critical assessment of BC's integration in sustainable construction materials, its challenges, and future research directions. Hence, this pioneering systematic review represents the first-ever exploration within the research domain of BC's applications in geopolymers and alkali-activated materials, marking a foundational step toward understanding its potential and challenges in sustainable engineering practices.

Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of industrial biomass waste: Insights into kinetic, characteristics and intrinsic mechanisms

Microwave-assisted pyrolysis is the preferred technology for enhancing the production of fuels and valuable chemicals. Therefore, pyrolysis experiments of furfural residue (FR) were performed using microwave equipment without microwave-absorbing additives. Further, to explore the interactions and intrinsic mechanisms of biomass components, thermogravimetric (TG), kinetic calculation, Py-GC/MS and TG-MS were also employed. Results showed that the temperatures and catalysts both affect the yields and compositions of products. Moreover, kinetic calculations showed a high-level consistency between FR pyrolysis and P3 mechanism. The product analysis also helps in the resolution of pyrolysis mechanism. For example, crystal substances in biochar were mainly SiO2, K2SO4, KAlSi3O8, and K2SO4 enhanced the reaction degree of biomass. While for bio-oil, the yield reached maximum (∼25 wt%) at ∼550 °C. The pH of bio-oil was acidic (2–4.3), and the main product in bio-oil was phenols, which was found the highest (84.63 %) at 700 °C. Interestingly, the interaction of cellulose and lignin promoted light hydrocarbon production. This research unveils innovative perspectives on the intrinsic mechanisms underlying microwave-assisted pyrolysis of biomass, which provides guidance for optimization of the microwave-assisted pyrolysis technology.

Sustainable Processes of Biosorption of Pb(II) Ions from Synthetic Wastewater Using Waste Biomass from Mullein Leaves

The aim of this study is to evaluate mullein (Verbascum thapsus) as a cost-effective and sustainable adsorbent for the biosorption of Pb(II) ions from synthetic wastewater samples. Biosorption of mullein was investigated as a function of initial Pb(II) concentration (25–400 mg L−1), biosorbent dosage (2–20 g L−1), solution pH (3–7), and contact time (10–120 min). Mullein as a material with a high affinity for Pb(II) ions had a biosorption efficiency of 98.56% under the optimal conditions: pH 6, initial concentration of Pb(II) at 100 mg L−1, contact time of 90 min, and biosorbent dosage of 20 g L−1. The FTIR spectra of mullein leaves showed that oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface are potentially active sites for the biosorption of Pb(II) ions. EDS analysis and the pHPZC value confirmed the adsorption of Pb(II) ions at the active sites of the mullein. Kinetic and isotherm data enabled insights into the modes of Pb(II) biosorption on the mullein surface which were best explained with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. Biosorption occurs on the mullein surface via multilayer adsorption. The reusability of mullein showed that the native biosorbents can be reused five times, showing the economic and sustainable benefit of this low-cost biosorbent material.

Comparison of Random Forest and Support Vector Regression Models in Predicting Hydrogen Production Process from Biomass

The need for energy in the world is increasing day by day and various energy production methods are used to meet this need. Production of hydrogen from biomass is one of these methods. Hydrogen production from biomass is a promising process to produce hydrogen and energy which has advantages such as the ability to use sustainable energy sources like biomass and solid waste, being carbon neutral, and increasing energy independence thanks to the variation of resources and the availability of local resources. The catalysts used in this process which can be conducted in three separate ways, affect hydrogen and energy production positively or negatively. One of the most important steps in effectively acquiring the ideal amount of product is predicting the outcomes of this procedure. This article compares a support vector regression (SVR) and random forest (RF) model to predict how various inputs used to produce hydrogen from biomass will affect hydrogen output. Additionally, the effect of catalyst addition on hydrogen yield in biomass processes was examined. In this context, 57 experimental studies from the literature were selected as a data set. From this data, 90% was selected for training and 10% for testing. The outputs were evaluated according to parameters such as R2, RMSE and MSE. The results show that RF and SVR models can significantly predict catalyst activity and hydrogen production.

Experimental analysis of the effects of feedstock composition on the plastic and biomass Co-gasification process

Co-gasification is a feasible approach to manage fast-growing plastic and biomass waste issues. The current work examines air gasification of plastic waste blending with biomass. The influence of plastic-type and biomass characteristics on product distribution under the same operating condition was studied. Ethylene-vinyl acetate, high-density polyethylene, and polypropylene were the investigated plastics while the biomass materials considered were pine sawdust (PS), used ground coffee (UGC), and wheat straw (WS) are compared. Additionally, co-gasification and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) of plastic and individual biomass components, namely, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, were conducted to identify the nature of the synergy arising from plastic and biomass integration. Similarities in the chemical structure and composition of the investigated plastics resulted in the type of plastic marginally influencing product distribution. The gas composition included 4.6 vol% CH4, 37.5 % CO2, 5.3 % CnHm, 42 % CO, and 10.8 % H2, with yields of 5.9 wt% char, 39.5 wt% gas, and 54.8 wt% tar. Conversely, the type of biomass had a substantial effect on both gas composition and product yields. WS and UGC, characterized by higher hemicellulose and lignin content, generated more hydrogen with 14.4 and 13.3 vol%, respectively, and exhibited lower tar content (45.7 and 47.8 wt%) compared to PS, which has a higher cellulose content and yielded 54.8 wt% tar. During EVA/cellulose co-gasification, the predominant gases produced are CO and CO2, with H2 concentration of 7.2 vol%. In contrast, co-gasification of EVA/xylan and EVA/lignin yields 13.5 and 19.9 vol% hydrogen, respectively. Interactions and synergism between the plastic and biomass were found to be more intensified when the biomass contained greater proportions of cellulose and lignin. Co-gasification and TGA analyses indicated that plastic/cellulose and plastic/lignin interactions in the gas and solid phases (volatile-volatile and volatile-char interactions) and plastic/xylan interactions in the gas phase (volatile-volatile interactions) were significant. Modeling the predictability of the output data revealed that if interactions between the plastic and biomass components are accounted for, the co-gasification results are predictable with a credible accuracy for all biomass types. The predictability model offers a practical approach for selecting an appropriate co-gasification feedstock combination to give a targeted process performance.

Characterization of Fuel Pellets Made From Rice Husk, Sawdust and Corncob Bond with Cissus Populnea and Manihot Esculenta

There is growing interest in the production of biofuels from biomass wastes. The availability of biomass waste poses the need for technical assessment of pelletisation of biomass waste at industrial production level. The misuse of environmentally friendly and sustainable energy resources and lack of compressed biomass energy products that could enhance fuel quality needs to be addressed. This study intends to determine the energy output from tenary combination of the biomass fuel pellets consisting of rice husks, African birch sawdust, corncobs and their varying mixtures bond with aqueous extract of C. populnea (Cp) and M. esculenta (Me). The combustion characteristics of pellets produced from Rice Husk, African Birch Sawdust, Corncob and their blends (M, M1, M2, M3 and M4) were conducted by the development of an analytical protocol. Pellet admixtures were prepared at each binder ratio of 10% of bulk weight of RH, ABS, corncob and their various blends in the ratios 1:1:1 (M), 1:2:3 (M1), 2:1:3 (M2), 3:1:2 (M3) and 2:3:1 (M4), respectively. The Bulk Density (BD), Ash Contents (AC), Heat Release Rate (HRR) and Calorific Value (CV) of the pellets were measured using established procedures. The result revealed that combustion characteristics of fuel pellets made from Corncob and Blend ratio of 1:2:3 bound with Manihot esculenta gel were enhanced and the fuel pellets possessed sufficient calorific values suitable for energy applications. It was recommended that massive production of fuel pellets from biomass wastes for small and medium scale energy systems could give a positive development to agrarian and rural areas in Nigeria where there is a lot of these resources and lack of stable electrical supply.

Nitrogen conversion performance of a polypropylene carrier designed to promote biofilm formation through foaming

The performance of plastic carriers in a moving bed biofilm reactor used for water treatment is strongly determined by the carrier material and its shape. Only a few reports have described the effect of foaming on biofilm formation and nitrogen conversion by polypropylene (PP) carriers. Here, we investigated a PP foam carrier for its biofilm forming ability and the resulting biofilm’s ability to remove nitrogen compounds. The results revealed that foaming increased the amounts of denitrifying bacterial biofilms attached to PP by approximately 44 times, indicating that unevenness by foaming promoted biofilm formation. Biofilms were also formed using activated sludges from nitrification and denitrification of a wastewater treatment facility. Amplicon sequencing analysis of the biofilms revealed that the families Xanthomonadaceae and Comamonadaceae, including nitrifying bacteria, were enriched in nitrifying sludge-derived biofilms, whereas Dechloromonas sp. and family Pseudomonadaceae, including denitrifying bacteria, were enriched in denitrifying sludge-derived biofilms. Furthermore, nitrifying sludge-derived biofilms completely removed ammonia, and its removal ability was superior to that of the original sludge. Denitrification by denitrifying sludge-derived biofilms was promoted by the addition of fumaric acid. Both nitrifying and denitrifying sludge-derived biofilms could remove nitrogen compounds from 1.4 mM ammonia-containing synthetic wastewater. Finally, the effect of biomass addition on the carrier was investigated. The addition of composted seaweed waste to PP foam carriers enhanced the formation of denitrifying sludge-derived biofilms by approximately 2.2 times, and the denitrification reaction by biofilms was promoted. These results revealed that waste biomass can be used to further enhance PP foam carrier performance.

Study of the microRNA fraction in food waste and other biomasses. Assessment of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs with important biological functions. Their presence in food and their potential role as new bioactive molecules is generating great expectations. For the first time, the miRNA fraction within food waste and algae has been studied, highlighting their bioactivity and its potential upcycling. MiRNAs from barley malt rootles, brewer’s spent grains, Spirulina, Chlorella, orange peels, pomegranate and apricot seeds, and watermelon waste were extracted using two kits, one with chloroform and a more sustainable alternative. Higher extraction yields were obtained with the chloroform-containing kit. Purity of extracts was confirmed by UV spectroscopy and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with UV detection. Further analysis by RP-HPLC and high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) demonstrated the potential and feasibility of this technique for the analysis of miRNA although there are still some limitations to overcome before its routine application. Apricot seed miRNAs demonstrated remarkable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacity.

Effect of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) parameters on the recovery of polyphenols from pecan nutshell waste biomass and its antioxidant activity

Effect of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) parameters on the recovery of polyphenols from pecan nutshell waste biomass and its antioxidant activity

Utilizing rubber plant leaf petioles derived activated carbon for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes

This research introduces a novel and sustainable method that exploits the untapped potential of waste biomass, specifically converting dead leaf petioles from Ficus elastica, an industrial crop commonly known as rubber plants, into high-performance activated carbon (AC) for supercapacitor electrodes through a straightforward pyrolysis process. The prepared AC is used as an electrode substance to construct symmetrical supercapacitors. It underwent detailed morphological and structural analyses through various analytical instruments to assess the AC's performance and quality. Electrochemical assessments using a two-electrode configuration with 1 M KOH as the electrolyte revealed that the AC electrodes display exemplary characteristics of electric double-layer capacitance. This conclusion was drawn from observing cyclic voltammetry curves that were rectangular and symmetrical across scan rates ranging from 10 to 100 mV/s. Remarkably, at a scan rate of 10 mV/s, these AC electrodes achieved a specific capacitance of 128 F/g. The superior performance of the AC, when compared to other biomass-derived electrode materials, can be attributed to its extensive surface area and significant porosity. Moreover, electrodes crafted from AC derived from rubber plants showed remarkable durability over 10000 charge-discharge cycles, maintaining 89 % of their original capacitance and achieving a Coulombic efficiency of up to 87 %. During prolonged discharge periods, these electrodes exhibited a high specific capacitance, which contributed to achieving a power density of 200 W/kg and an energy density of 11.4 Wh/kg. This study highlights the viability of rubber plant waste in advanced energy storage systems and significantly contributes to sustainable material science. By offering an eco-friendly approach for supercapacitor electrode fabrication, this research aligns with global efforts towards sustainable energy storage technologies, demonstrating the practicality of environmentally benign materials in high-performance applications.