Wasit Province Research Articles

Diabetic Foot Causes and Outcomes A Study in Wassit Province, Iraq

Diabetic foot (DF) as a complication of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) was studied in 88 Iraqi adult patients in Wasit Province at their visit to Al-Karama Teaching Hospital during the period from April 2010 to March 2012.Eighty eight patients were enrolled, 58 males with mean age of 63±8.4 SD years, and 30 females with mean age of 65±4.1 SD years. The mean duration of Diabetes Mellitus was 10.5 years. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia was documented nearly in all patients at presentation.More than 90% of the patients were non-compliant with diet , drugs or both and 88% of them have high body mass index ( BMI >26 Kg/m2) . Other co-morbidities also co-exist, 72.7% of them have peripheral neuropathy (mainly sensory ), 54.5% have hypertension,40.9% of them are active smokers, 39.7% ischemic heart disease, 35% peripheral arterial disease , 34% history of trauma, 29.5% have hyperlipidemia( Table 1). Many of them have more than one risk factor concomitantly. The presenting Diabetic Foot problems were: ulcers in 45 patients, gangrene of the toes and/or the feet in 24 patients, abscess or cellulitis in15 patients and 4 patients presented with miscellaneous conditions (Table 2). Conservative treatment was successful in 95.3% of non-gangrene diabetic foot conditions .But 24 patients who presented with gangrene were in need of some sort of amputation of toes or more proximal ,especially those older than 65 years of age with multiple risk factors. Foot negligence, mis-care, mal-footwear and lack of knowledge about the sequels of diabetic foot by the patient were the main precipitating factors that augment the problem and worsen the outcome. The education programs about Diabetic Foot and correction of risk factors can do a lot to minimize the problem.

Molecular study of p53 supressor gene and Bcl-2 oncogene by DNA In Situ Hybridization technique in breast cancer patients in Iraq\Wasit Province

DNA In Situ Hybridization technique was used to estimate overexpression of p53 and Bcl-2 in different histological type of Iraqi female breast cancer patients and to assess whether these biomarkers are significantly correlated with clinicopathological parameters (tumor grade , stage , age and invasiveness ) of breast carcinoma .The study included forty six patients, their ages ranging between 20-77 years with a mean age of (46.08) years, between Septembers 2012 and May 2013. The results showed that p53 overexpression frequency was (63.04) and Bcl-2 was (52.17) in patients with significant differences (p=0.001). Also the results showed asignificant differences between the expression of each of these biomarkers with tumor grade and stage (p=0.05). As well as there was significant difference between the expression of p53 and patient age (p=0.05). The results of these study supported the importance role of these genes in carcinogenesis and ability to use both genes as a markers in diagnosis.

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium isolated from retail chicken meat in Wasit markets, Iraq.

Food poisoning caused by Salmonella enterica serovars is the most common type of foodborne illness. Tainted chicken meat is a major vector for spreading these serovars throughout the food supply chain. Salmonella isolates that developed resistance to commonly used antimicrobials pose a noteworthy risk to public health, yet there has been a lack of data on this issue in Iraq. Therefore, it is crucial to address these serious public health challenges with an adequate database on the occurrence and antibiotic resistance of these serovars. This study aimed to determine the frequency of occurrence of Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium (S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium), antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and prevalence of multidrug resistance among S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium isolated from poultry meat collected in Wasit Province in Iraq. A total of 150 raw and frozen poultry meat samples were gathered from retail markets in various locales across the Wasit Governorate in Iraq. Salmonella spp. were successfully cultured and identified using the technique recommended by ISO 6579:2002, with minor modifications. The multiplex polymerase chain reaction approach was used to confirm Salmonella spp. (S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium). A disk diffusion test was performed to determine the susceptibility to particular antimicrobial agents, and 12 different antimicrobial agents were evaluated. Only 19 of the 150 (12.7%) samples tested positive for Salmonella (16% and 11% were isolated from raw and frozen chicken meat, respectively). S. Enteritidis accounted for 63.2%, whereas S. Typhimurium accounted for 36.8%. Nalidixic acid resistance was the most common (73.7%), followed by sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (63.2%) and tetracycline (63.2%), but gentamicin and ciprofloxacin (up to 15.8%) only had modest resistance. Antibiogram of S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium yield 13 antibiotypes. Among the 19 Salmonella isolates, 12 of 19 (63.2%) established resistance to no less than three categories of antimicrobials. This study highlighted the necessity of limiting the utilization of antibiotics in animal production by providing vital information regarding the frequency and AMR of Salmonella at markets in Wasit Province. Therefore, risk assessment models could use these data to lessen the amount of Salmonella passed on to humans in Iraq from chicken meat.

Serological and Molecular Detection of Human Brucellosis in Rural Areas in Wasit Province, Iraq.

Brucellosis is endemic in Iraq, and annual surveys using advanced diagnostic assays are needed. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of human brucellosis in rural areas in Wasit province using ELISA and PCR. A total of 276 serum samples were randomly obtained from participants from rural areas in the Wasit province. The results showed that out of 276 serum samples tested by ELISA, 30.07% were positive. Significantly, mild infection was increased compared to moderate, severe and highly severe infections. To confirm the species of Brucella, seropositive samples were tested by PCR assay targeting the BCSP31 gene for Brucella spp. and the IS711 gene for B. abortus and B. melitensis. Molecular findings confirmed 30.12% positive samples to Brucella spp., including 28% and 44% positives to B. abortus and B. melitensis, respectively, whereas 28% positive samples to other undifferentiated species of Brucella. Association between seropositivity and demographic risk factors, age and gender, were reported to be significantly higher among individuals aged 21-40 (41.91%) and lowered among those aged ≤20 years (13.56%). For gender, a high nominal positivity rate was detected in females (36.07%) than in males (28.37%). Association between the degree of severity of the infection and demographic risk factors recorded that mild infection (75%) was increased among individuals of ≤20 years, while moderate and severe infections were elevated significantly in groups of 21-40 and 41-60 years. The highly severe infections appeared in those aged 21-40 years (15.91%). Regarding gender, mild and moderate infections were elevated significantly in males; whereas severe and highly severe infections were increased significantly in females. In conclusion, this study is the first random epidemiological study investigating the prevalence of human brucellosis in rural areas in Iraq. Undifferentiated species of Brucella were detected in PCR-positive results. The incorporation of molecular techniques for the diagnosis will help resolve the Brucella genus and detection the primary sources that play roles in the transmission of infection.

Qualitative and Quantitative study of Epipelic diatoms in Tigris River within Wasit province, Iraq

The present study conducted to study epipelic diatoms in the Tigris River within Wasit province for one year from June 2015 to May 2016, five sites have been chosen along the river between Al-Aziziyah and Kut .The aim of the study was to identify and main distributed to them in the Tigris River data were collected by the qualitative and quantitative study of epipelic diatoms. A total number of 161 species of epipelic diatoms was recorded belongs to 36 genera, where the number of central diatoms species recorded were 14 diatoms belonged to 7 genera by (8.69%) and The pinnate diatoms species were 147 species belonging to 27 genera by (91.30%). Seasonal and spatial variations were observed in the total numbers of benthic diatom during the study period, the results recorded the lowest rate of both central and pinnate diatoms were (745.29× 104/cm3) in site1 and the highest rate (1122.92 × 104 /cm3) in site4.Some genera have recorded higher number species during the study period; these genera were Nitzschia, Navicula, Cymbella, Gomphonema, Amphora, Cyclotella, Melosira, Cocconies, Caloneis, Diatoma, Fragiaria, Surirella and Synedra. The study revealed that Bacillariophyceae were abundant, reflecting the quality of water and mud and determine the extent of pollution and polluted type

Serological identification of MERS-CoV in camels of Wasit province, Iraq.

Since the first human case of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) caused by Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, several evidence bases have shown one-humped camels as the main reservoir host, from which infection is transmitted to humans. Serological investigation of MERS in dromedary camels in Wasit province (Iraq), detection severity of infection, and association to some risk factors. A total of 455 dromedary camels were selected randomly from two main districts in Wasit province, Iraq, during January and April (2023). Sera of all study camels were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and titers of positive study animals were categorized according to their severity. Serological testing yielded 37.58% positive animals for MERS infection. According to the severity of positive ODs (titer), a total of 53.22%, 30.99%, 12.28%, and 3.51% showed mild, moderate, strong, and very strong infections, respectively. Regarding risk factors, significant elevation in seropositivity was seen in camels of >3-6 and >6 years old and reduced in camels of £3 years old with an elevated risk of MERS with increased age. Regionally, seropositivity and relative risk were increased in the camels of Shaykh Sa'd when compared with Al-Numaniyah. Regarding sex, no significant variation was detected between seropositive females and males; however, male camels appeared at higher risk than females. Association between the severity of MERS infection and risk factors revealed that there was a significant increase in mild and moderate infections in female camels of >6 years old; whereas strong and very strong infections were seen in male camels of 33-6 years old. Mild and very strong infections were recorded in Shaykh Sa'd; while moderate and strong infections in Al-Numaniyah. The study indicated a longstanding existence of MERS-CoV in camels of Wasit province; therefore, recent infections or active viral excretion are required for confirmation by molecular approaches.

Molecular genotyping, histopathological and immunohistochemical studies of bovine papillomatosis.

Bovine papillomatosis (BP) is considered the most common health problem in large cattle farms. This study attempts to confirm clinically suspected BP in cattle by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and genotyping analysis of local isolates. According to morphological appearance and lesion features, a cross sectional study of 54 clinically diagnosed BP cattle was assigned to this current investigation from May to August (2021) in Al-Kut district (Wasit Province, Iraq) private veterinary clinics using purposive sampling technique based on set criteria. The cattle were diagnosed clinically, and the tissues were collected and some fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and other stored frozen and examined by histopathological technique, IHC, and PCR assays. Using PCR assay, all cattle were positive for the BPV L1 gene. According to detect the L1 gene, analysis of the phylogenetic tree showed that local BPV cattle isolates were closely related to the NCBI-BLAST BPV type-1 and type-2 of the Polish equine isolate (KF284133.1) and BPV Brazilian Bostaurus isolate (MH187961.1), respectively. Histological detection showed there were acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, epidermal thickening, severe infiltration of mononuclear cells, massive hemorrhage, dermal fibroplasias, multifocal spongiosis, moderate neovascularization, moderate to severe elongation of the retention ridge towards the dermis, parakeratosis, rings of calcification, and necrosis with nuclear pyknosis of some spinosum cells. Immunohistochemical findings of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, epidermal growth factor receptor and Fascin showed a significant variation in values of immunoreaction in the dermis and epidermis. These results ranged from negative (0) to mild positive (+1) to moderate positive (+2) reactions. The study provided essential molecular and genotyping data to improve our knowledge by emphasizing the crucial of IHC as an elegant diagnostic method to detect cellular alterations.

Measuring equity in spatial development investments for the provincial development program in Wasit governorate

To access the range of achieved equity in the spatial distribution for the investment by the region’s development program in Wasit province, the Gini coefficient, and Lorenz curve were utilized. Previously mentioned methodologies were used in the quantitative analysis. To measure the disparity and the optimal allocation of investments, a comparison is implemented. This comparison was between the percentage of allocating investment in development programs in the basic service sectors (municipal, sewage, water, roads, and education) and between the three components of (population, area, and level and disability). Findings showed that the local authorities depend on population (the municipal sector, sewage, urban water) and urban land area in allocating investments. Findings also showed a lack of interest by authorities in two factors. These factors are rural land area and the deficit in providing services. This deficit is reflected in the variation of equity in determining the number of investment allocations between different counties of Wasit province.

Training overlap and its impact to developing the special endurance for young football players

The importance of the research lies in adopting the method of overlapping training to develop special endurance as one of the most important special requirements for soccer players, because raising the level of special endurance, which is mainly linked to the degree of functional adaptation, is reflected in improving the level of physical, skill, tactical and psychological achievement effectively throughout the time of the match, and this has an impact on improving the level of achievement for the player and the team alike. As for the research problem, it was represented in the low level of special endurance for the players, which appears in the clear decline in the level of performance, especially in the last third of the match, due to the weak level of special endurance for the players, which leads to slow recovery and early fatigue, lack of concentration and low level of overall performance (physical, technical, tactical, and psychological), which appears through random play, scattering of balls, frequent tackles, slow defensive and offensive activities, as well as the inability to implement modern tactics, which depend heavily on the application of the concept of comprehensiveness in the performance of tactical duties. While the objectives of the research were to develop a training curriculum in the style of overlapping training to develop the special endurance of football players, as well as to identify the impact of the training curriculum in developing the special endurance of football players. Wasit province, which numbered (18) players. The most important conclusions were: The development that occurred for the research group in the level of endurance as a result of the special effect of the vocabulary of the training curriculum in the overlap style. The researchers also recommend the need to adopt the training overlap method and the components of the training load by the trainers when training levels corresponding to the level of the research sample.

Evaluation of Vitamin D level in thalassemia patients: The experience of a single center

BACKGROUND: Beta-thalassemia, a hereditary blood disease transmitted through families, has become increasingly relevant with rising life expectancies, leading to bone disease being a significant cause of morbidity. Among the symptoms observed in these patients, bone pain and back pain are frequently reported. Vitamin D is believed to play a crucial role in reducing these symptoms. AIM: The objective of this study was to assess the Vitamin D levels in thalassemic patients and investigate potential correlations with other factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted, involving a random selection of 48 patients with beta-thalassemia (major and intermediate types) aged 7 years and above. The patients were registered at the Hereditary Blood Disease Center in Wasit province, located in the South of Iraq, during the period from January to May 2022. Demographic data, including age, sex, address, diagnosis, type of chelation therapy, and frequency of blood transfusions, were collected from patients’ files. Biochemical data, such as mean hemoglobin, mean serum ferritin, mean serum calcium, and Vitamin D levels at the time of the study, were also recorded. Vitamin D levels below 30 ng/ml were considered low level or deficiency, whereas 30 ng/ml and above were considered normal, as indicated by the kit manufacturer. Furthermore, the height, weight, and body mass index were evaluated in the studied patients with their written consent. SPSS version (23) was employed for data management and statistical analysis, utilizing a significant P = 0.05 and the Pearson’s correlation. RESULTS: The study revealed that 42 patients (87.5%) had low Vitamin D levels (below 30 ng/ml). The mean Vitamin D level was 18.23 ng/ml, with a maximum reading of 45 ng/ml. It was observed that Vitamin D deficiency was more prevalent in younger patients and those with higher ferritin levels, although the differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Vitamin D deficiency is common in patients with B-thalassemia, as indicated by this study.

Study of some hematological and genetic changes for patients with beta thalassemia major in wasit province

The study included 40 blood samples from patients with β-thalassemia major and has compared them with 40 of the control group . Patients were divided according to their age into four groups . Levels of RBCs , Hb , PCV , MCV , MCH , MCHC,WBCs were measured. Furthermore, mitotic index and nuclear division index and micronucleus assay were measured for lymphocytes patients . Results showed a significant decrease (P< 0.05) in each level of (RBCs , Hb , PCV , MCV , MCH) , wherever increased level of WBCs significantly (P< 0.05) . Results of mitotic index and nuclear division index and micronucleus assay were revealed significantly increasing (P< 0.05) indication on defect in cell division .We concluded that iron overload in patient's body due to frequent blood transfusions was generate free radicals containing oxygen and capable of oxidative damage for macromolecule such as DNA .

The effect of adding potassium and sodium to the soil on the yellow corn plant content of these elements

A biological experiment was conducted in Al kut Palms station, Wasit Province during spring season 2015 to study the effects of applying Potassium and Sodium on content of Potassium and Sodium and growth of yellow corn (Zea mays L) variety hybrid compete.Soil samples were taken from the Al kut Palms station - Wasit province. And air dried, milled and passed through a sieve 3.5 mm then 8 kg soil was put in pots. Calcium nitrate fertilizer (15.5% N) level 160 kg.ha-1, and tri superphosphate fertilizer (21% P) at level of 100 kg P ha-1 were added and mixed with the surface layer. Potassium was added as Potassium sulfate (42% K) at level of (0.205 centimol. K. kg -1 soil). The soil was salted with Sodium chloride, Sodium carbonate and Sodium sulfate at fixed concentration ( 0.06 centimol . Na. kg-1. Soil). The Pots were planted with maize plants as one plant per each pot. The growth of maize tested for 45 days. The results showed that the addition of sodium salts positively affected in the sodium concentration in the vegetative, but potassium Add negatively affected in sodium content and affected add sodium salts negative in potassium content, while potassium addition positively affected in potassium content. As well as the results showed add sodium salts led to lower content ( K / Na) ratio in the vegetative while Addition of potassium to increase the proportion of concentrations ( K / Na) in the vegetative .As well as the addition of sodium salts influence negative in plant traits which are plant high and leaf area and dry weight plants and the weight of the root portion, and that the sodium chloride salt most influential in the mentioned qualities, while adding potassium sodium reduced the impact on the qualities of the above mentioned.

Improvement the activities of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica and tomato plant growth in Wasit Province

This study had been conducted to detect the existence and dispersal of bacteria in the agricultural area in Wasit province and the role of them in controlling root knote nematode .Two genera of bacteria Azotobacter and Pseudomonas were isolated from six locations in Wasit province which were Alsiwarah , Alnuamania , Alahrar , Alhay , Alkut and Algardhia with five isolates of Azotobacter and eight isolates of Pseudomonas . The infectivity study of five Azotobacter isolates revealed that there is a significant differences between the isolates comparing with the control in reduction eggs hatching and the more effective isolates was Azotobacter sp1 ( Az1) with inhibition percentage 95.05% followed by the isolate Azotobacter sp2 (Az2 ) 84.32%. while the study of eight Pseudomonas isolates revealed that the more effective isolates was Ps eudomonas fluorescens2 ( Ps2) ) with inhibition percentage 90.16% and the lowest percentage recorded in the case of the isolate P. fluorescens6 ( Ps6) which was 55.76% . The infectivity study of four selective bacterial isolates (Az1, Az2, Ps1 , Ps2 ) with the fungus Glomus against nematode revealed the highest percentage of reduction in root galling recorded when the tomato plants inoculated with the fungus and the two bacterial isolates( Az1) , ( Ps2) and the number of galls were 3 galls/gm roots comparing with the control 10.6 galls/gm roots and the percentage of reduction 71.69 follwed by the treatment with the fungus and the two bacterial isolates( Az1) , ( Ps1) 68.86 %. The result also revealed that the combination between Glomus and bacterial isolates induced plant growth and increased the criteria of growth parameters. The result also revealed G lomus alone achieved percentage of reduction in root galling recorded when47.16% and the number of galls were 5.6 galls/gm roots comparing with the control 10.6 galls/gm roots.

Detection of human Metapneumovirus and respiratory Syncytial Virus associated with asthmatic patients using direct fluorescent assay and Real time – PCR

This study aimed to determine the incidence of human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) and metapneumovirus (hMPV) occurrence in asthmatic patients in Wasit province. Blood samples were collected for measure the total and differential white blood cells count (WBCs). Correlation results of total and differential WBCs count for neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils and basophils count among studied groups were significant (P <0.001). Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique has been applied for detection of total-IgE antibodies. Results revealed that the highest total-IgE antibodies titer in sera were significantly difference (p < 0.01). A total of 80 nasopharyngeal swabs were immediately dipped in transport media and stored until using for the detection of suspected hRSV and hMPV patients group by direct fluorescent assay the results appeared 13 (16.25 %) and 11 (13.75 %) samples were given positive results for hRSV and hMPV, respectively. Results of hRSV in asthmatic patients were subjected to real time – polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) appeared 15 samples out of 80 samples (18.75 %) were gave positive result for this test.

Estimating the Incidence Frequency of Helicobacter pylori Co-infection with Hepatitis C Virus among Thalassemia Individual in Wasit Governorate of Iraq

Objective(s): Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative bacterium that plays a significant role in developing gastrointestinal diseases such as peptic ulcers. H. pylori infection affects more than half of the world’s population. This pathogen incidence becomes more effective among thalassemia patients, a common genetic disorder characterized by a point mutation that leads to impaired production of the β-globin chain. Chronic hepatitis C is a chronic disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) that has significantly increased morbidity and mortality rates in these patients due to liver failure or hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: Current study included 90 β-thalassemia patients admitted to the thalassemia hematology center in Al-Kut women and children Hospital, Wasit province, Iraq from September 2020 to November 2021. The patients are divided into two groups (β-thalassemia with HCV group and β-thalassemia without HCV). First and second groups contain 32 and 58 specimens of blood and stool samples, respectively. The patient diagnosed with thalassemia syndrome regularly attended the thalassemia hematology center for transfusion and chelation and follow up on Hb level and iron status. This study aimed at serological and molecular diagnosis of co-infection H. pylori with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) among thalassemia patients and diagnosis infection rate. Diagnosis was used Serological enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) techniques for HP-IgG, Level of ferritin, liver function test will be determined and Nested PCR method targeting the molecular diagnosis will be used to confirm H. pylori 23S rRNA using DNA extracted from stool samples. Results: 90 β-thalassemia patients sample were diagnosed by Serological ELISA techniques for HP-IgG and the result showed 30 samples were positive (18 from the β-thalassemia with HCV group and 12 from the β-thalassemia without HCV)and 60 samples negative for HP-IgG and Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method targeting the molecular diagnosis will be used to confirm H. pylori 23S rRNA using DNA extracted from stool for 30 stool samples revealed 13 samples positive (9 from the β-thalassemia with HCV and 4 from β-thalassemia without HCV) while 17 samples were negative. Conclusions: The predominance of H. pylori among patients in Wasit was 43.3%. Levels of ferritin have significant correlation with H. pylori in HCV patients. There was a positive correlation between hepatitis C status and high H. pylori rate when compared with β-thalassemia without HCV. Splenoctomy was a positive correlation with H. pylori in β-thalassemia with HCV. Moreover, these results recommend study about the virulence factor and genes. Other molecular studies are needed for detecting more virulence genes in H. pylori bacteria such as real-time PCR and sequencing of H. pylori in patients with thalassemia, especially those with high serum ferritin.

Isolation and identification of native species of Trichoderma in Wasit Province and evaluate the affectivity of them against Meloidogyne javanica

The study had been conducted to detect of Trichoderma spp in different locations in Wasit province and evaluate the effect of them against Meloidogyne javanica in laboratory and green houses. Seven isolates belong to four species were isolated from Wasit province which were T .harzianum , T.hamatum , Trichoderma sp1 and Trichoderma sp2 .The results revealed that all tested isolates have high efficiency in parasitize eggs of nematode and the most effective was T. harzianum 3 in percent of parasitism 97% and with significant difference compared with the other isolates . The result also showed that there is clear effect of fungal filtrate in three concentrations (100, 50, and 25%) in mortality of eggs and the more effective filtrate is the filtrate of T. harzianum 3 and the percentages of mortality were 96.7, 75.5, 56.3% at the concentrations 100, 50, 25% respectively. The isolate T. harzianum 3 exist high efficiency in controlling nematode and promote plant growth with increasing the length of shoot and roots which were 19.7, 21.3cm respectively compared with the control 16.1, 15.4cm respectively. This isolate was also the most effective one in increasing wet and dry weight of shoot and roots system with significant superiority of other treatments.

Identification of larvae of some species of family Oestridae causing myiasis in Wasit Province

This research included taxonomic study of the larvae of three species belonging to three genera of flies of family Oestridae (Diptera), that causing myiasis in domestic animals in Wasit province. The study included the center of the province, and arrondissementes and districts areas affiliate (Alhayy, Badrah , Numaniya arrondissementes , Sheikh Saad districts and Albesrukih region ) . They are Hypoderma lineatum (DeVillers), Oestrus ovis Linnaeus and Cephalopina titillator Clark. Taxonomic keys are designed to isolate the genus, as well as its species, depending on the structure of the Cephalopharyngal skeleton, mouth hook and posterior spiracales, the collection of these species, the type of the host and the history of combining areas were reported. Larvae were collected from live animals, and the injury as an essential part of the complete life cycle. The sheep were more susceptible to injury of myiasis followed by cows and camels. The results showed the presence of eleven case of larvae of Oestrus ovis in sheep in the center of the province, two in Albesrukih region , two cases in the arrondissementes of Badrah , one case in each of Numaniya arrondissementes and Sheikh Saad districts , larvae of Hypoderma lineatum in cows in each of the center of the province , Alhayy arrondissementes and Albesrukih districts . Two cases of myiasis recorded of larvae Cephalopina titillator in the camels in the center of the province.

Studying the causative agents of diarrhea among children under five years in Wasit Province

Bacterial infections are one of common cause of children diarrhea which causing mortality and morbidity worldwide. In this study One hundred – seventy stool samples were collected from children under five years old suffering from diarrhea. these samples were collected from AL-Ka - Teaching Hospital in the Kut city, Al-Shahid Firoz General Hospital in Al-Hay City, and Al-Azizia General Hospital in Wasit Province, during period months from October, November, and December from 2014. Then these samples examined and cultured, and isolates were identified by conventional methods, and test their sensitivity for antibiotics by disc diffusion method.The results showed that the bacteria are isolates from 91 samples from the total number of samples, while remaining are parasitic infections. The percentage of infections caused by E. coli (91 samples) is 53.529 % , While the percentage caused by Entamoeba histolytica (63 samples) is 37.058 % , and infection by Giardia lamblia (11 samples) is 6.47 % , and infection by Monillia fungi (3 samples) is 1.764 %, and infection by Hymenolepis nana (2 samples) is 1.176 %. The most common bacterial caused diarrhea in children is E. coli, and then Klebsiella, while the common parasite caused diarrhea is E. histolytica, and then Giardia lamblia , Monillia fungi, and H. nana.Also the results showed that Ceftizoxime is good antibiotic high effect against E. coli, while Erythromycin is less effect antibiotic against it.

The incidence rate and mortality rate of breast cancer in Wasit Province

Breast cancer is the most common tumor among women worldwide. However, there is large geographical variation in its incidence. A retrospective case-control study was conducted at breast cancer unit of Wasit Governorate in Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital, to detect the socio-demographic characteristics, incidence rate and mortality rate of females’ patients with malignant breast cancer. The highest percentage of breast cancer patients was in Kut City (69.04%), while the lowest percentage of breast cancer patients was in Dijaly City and Shaikh-Saad City (2.38%). According to age group of breast cancer patients, the highest percentage was (47.61%) in age group 41-50 while the lowest percentage of breast cancer patients was (2.38%) in age group 21-30 and 81-90 respectively. The highest percentage of breast cancer was in urban area (78.57%), while in rural area the percentage was (21.42%) of Wasit population. In general the incidence rate was (15.98%) and mortality rate was (40.47%). The mean of age groups is 51.42, Standard Deviation is 12.41, Minimum age group 28 years and Maximum age group 80 years. The normal distribution of breast cancer patients’ age showed the highest frequencies of breast cancer were detected between 40-60 age years; there is no infection with breast cancer under 20 years old. The mean of age groups is 51.42, Standard Deviation is 12.41, Minimum age group 28 years and Maximum age group 80 years. The conclusion is the majority of breast cancer patients were in Kut city. The recommendation is the need to hold periodic medical examination for early detection of breast cancer.

Study the changing that happen in the concentration of thyroid hormones values in healthy persons of Wasit Province

The principal hormones of thyroid gland are thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The current study was carried out to investigate the effect of age, gender of Thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) in normal healthy individuals were measure in healthy subject. Methods: Serum levels of T4, T3 and TSH in 534 normal healthy individuals belonging to different districts to Wasit Province, of deferent parts to the city center alkarama and al Zahra AL-Hai AL-Aziziya AL-Nomania Wasit, Iraq, were examined. Serum T4 , T3 and TSH were analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELIZA) method). Results: Levels of T4, T3 and TSH ranged from61 to 051 ηmol/L, 0.6 to 3.1 ηmol/L and 0.3–4.8 μIU/L respectively. The levels of T4 hormones show significant change from the reference values were the other hormones T3 and TSH show slightly changes but not significant that are used in clinical laboratories depend by WHO Conclusion:, It is concluded that the age, gender, all have an appreciable effect on the levels T4, T3 and TSH hormones.