Washing In Running Water Research Articles

Preparation and Hemostatic Effect of Micro-Nanograded Porous Particles Doped with Dopamine-Based Water-Triggered Intelligent Composite Adhesives.

The wet environment of water or tissue in bleeding wounds poses significant challenges to the adhesion performance of existing hemostatic adhesives. An intelligent composite adhesive prepared by doping starch-based silicate micro-nanograded porous particles (MBC@CMS) with dopamine-hyperbranched polymers (HPD, 7800 Mw) synthesized by the Michael addition reaction could be triggered by water to form a glue (MBC@CMS-HPD). The results indicated that MBC@CMS-HPD could still have adhesion properties under running water washing and water immersion and could effectively seal the water outlet. The results of the glue-forming mechanism showed that MBC@CMS-HPD had better wettability than water, which could eliminate water molecules at the wet adhesive surface. When contacted with water, the agglomeration of the HPD hydrophobic chain increases the exposure of the catechol group, and the relative atomic mass of the N element on the surface increases from 2.8 to 4.8%. The adhesion of MBC@CMS-HPD was enhanced and stable. MBC@CMS-HPD showed significant hemostasis effects in five injury bleeding models of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and New Zealand rabbits. Especially in the fatal femoral artery bleeding model of New Zealand rabbits, MBC@CMS-HPD reduced the amount of bleeding by 75% and shortened the bleeding time by 78% compared with the a-cyanoacrylate adhesives. The results of the coagulation mechanism showed that compared with HPD, MBC@CMS-HPD could activate both endogenous and exogenous coagulation pathways. Among them, after contact with blood, HPD formed a gel to close the blood outlet, and MBC@CMS entered the wound to activate the internal and external coagulation pathways. In addition, HPD and MBC@CMS had good histocompatibility and degradability, which has the potential to be applied to different wounds.

A new household ultrasonic cleaning method for pyrethroids in cabbage

Pyrethroid is widely used in developing countries and is a potential threat to human health. So putting forward an effective pyrethroid cleaning method is of vital importance. Clearance of fenpropathrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin in cabbage by using ultrasonic treatment accompanied with different baking soda concentrations were investigated in this study. The results of response surface methodology showed that the maximum clearance rate was 70.61% for fenpropathrin under the optimal power, treated time, treated temperature and baking soda concentration, which were 260.02 W, 10 min, 20.15 °C and 0.014 g/mL, respectively. Similarly, the maximum removal efficiency was 73.72% for cypermethrin under 240 W, 13.84 min, 19.53 °C and 0.014 g/mL, and 92.15% for deltamethrin under 238.99 W, 12.42 min, 25 °C and 0.013 g/mL. The clearance rate of pyrethroid by this method was significant higher (P<0.05) than traditional cleaning methods (bathing and running water washing). The contents of the compositions such as vitamin C, total soluble sugar, protein and dietary fiber, texture and sensory evaluation of cabbage were not found obvious changes after the ultrasonic treatment combined with baking soda (P>0.05). Results showed that ultrasonic treatment combined with baking soda was an effective way to eliminate the fenpropathrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin in cabbage without influencing cabbage quality.

Superação da dormência e o uso de fungicida em diásporos de teca

Objetivou-se, nesta pesquisa, testar métodos de superação da dormência além de avaliar a eficiência do uso de fungicida no armazenamento de diásporos de teca que já sofreram tratamentos pré-germinativos. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 7 x 2 x 2 (sete métodos de superação; com e sem fungicida e dois tempos de avaliação, zero e após 120 dias). Os métodos utilizados foram: imersão em água corrente (24 h) e em água quente (85-90 ºC por 8 min); escarificação com lixa + imersão em água parada (48 h); escarificação com ácido sulfúrico por 15 min + água corrente (72 h); aquecimento em estufa a 80 ºC (4 h por 3 dias) + imersão em água parada (12 h); solarização por 48 h + imersão em água parada (12 h) além da testemunha. Os métodos de superação com aquecimento a seco dos diásporos de teca são capazes de abreviar, aumentar e uniformizar a germinação sendo o uso do solarizador uma boa opção por não consumir energia e ser de baixo custo. O uso do fungicida Fludioxonil + Metalaxyl-M e o armazenamento de diásporos de teca que já sofreram tratamento de quebra da dormência, não são recomendados.

Decontamination of radioactivity from contaminated vegetables derived from the Fukushima nuclear accident

Abstract Many kinds of vegetables were contaminated by a huge amount of radioactivity, such as 131I or 137Cs, derived from the Fukushima nuclear accident. The concentration of radioactivity in contaminated vegetables was higher than the value of the legal limit for shipment, therefore, we attempted to identify a simple and effective removal method for contaminated farm products to ensure the relief of farmers and the security of consumers. First, the radioactivity distribution and adhesion state of contaminated vegetables were investigated by an imaging plate (IP) image. As a result, there were two types of contamination, spot type or spread type, of vegetables. The removal of radioactivity by physical or chemical methods was investigated. As a result, radioactivity removal by water washing showed no significant difference between boiling water and cold water. There was no significant difference between hand washing and running water washing. The result of chemical removal showed that reducing agents removed radioactivity from vegetables by 70–80% for 131I and more than 80% for 137Cs. In particular, ascorbic acid is promising as a safe and versatile option.

Pre-imbibition: Effects in the germination, seedling growth and content of caffeine in coffee seeds (Coffea arabica L.)

Coffee seeds ( Coffea arabica L.) contains from 1% to 2% of caffeine, a highly water-soluble alkaloid, which inhibits germination of several species. This work was undertaken to evaluate the effects of treatments of pre-imbibition and running water washing on physiological performance and caffeine content of coffee seeds, with the following treatments: pre-imbibition in water under stirring for 6, 12 and 24 hours, followed by fast washing in running water; washing in running water for 6, 12 and 24 hours; pre-imbibition in water for 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours, followed by fast washing in running water, and dry seeds witout parchment. The percentage of root protrusion, of normal seedlings at 30 days, of cotiledonary leaves at 45 days and of the root protrusion velocity index were evaluated. The contents of caffeine, aminoacids and total soluble sugars present in the imbibition solution, as well as the caffeine contents in seeds were also determinated. There were no significant differences in the root protrusion evaluation at fifteen days and the best treatments, evaluated by means of radical protrusion at seven days and of index of germination velocity, were pre-imbibited in water for 48, 72 and 96 hours. As to the percentage of seedlings with cotyledonary leaves opened at 45 days, the pre-imbibition treatments for both 24 and 48 hours provided the best physiological performances of seeds, and in these treatments there were significant reductions of caffeine content between 10% and 18%, respectively. Nevertheless, the detrimental action of caffeine on the physiological performance of coffee seeds, associated with the pre-imbibition treatments should be better investigated.

A comparative study of dehydration

Abstract 1.1. A comparative study of four dehydrating agents was made on human tissue following various fixatives. The reagents used were cellosolve, tertiary butyl alcohol, dioxane and acetone. Best results were obtained with the latter two. 2.2. Briefly summarized into steps the technique is as follows: (1) Fix in hot 100 per cent formalin for five minutes. (2) Wash in running water ten minutes. (3) Dehydrate in two changes of undiluted dehydrating agent for one to one and a half hours. (4) Embed in paraffin. (5) Section. (6) Remove paraffin in xylol. (7) Undiluted dehydrating agent. (8) Distilled water. (9) Stain in hematoxylin. (10) Alkaline tap water until blue. (11) Distilled water. (12) Stain in eosin dissolved in dehydrating agent. (13) One change of dehydrating agent. (14) Mount in Canada balsam. Total time needed from unfixed tissue to completed preparation is about two hours.