Warts In Women Research Articles

Human papillomavirus-related disease in men: not just a women's issue.

The most common cause of mortality related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is cervical cancer. However, male HPV infection is also an important concern, both for the disease burden in men and for the risk of transmission to women. HPV is associated with a variety of cancers in men, including anal cancer and a subset of penile and oral cancers. The incidence of anal and oral cancers related to HPV is increasing in the general population and is growing even faster among individuals who are immunocompromised because of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Penile HPV infection is very common among heterosexual men and remains high throughout a wide range of ages. Likewise, anal HPV infection and anal intraepithelial neoplasia are very common throughout a wide range of ages in both HIV-negative and HIV-positive men who have sex with men. Other HPV-related diseases of clinical importance in men include condylomata acuminata (genital warts) and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. The quadrivalent HPV vaccine has been shown to be highly efficacious in the prevention of genital warts in women and precancerous lesions of the cervix, vulva, and vagina. In addition, recent interim data have shown that the quadrivalent HPV vaccine is highly effective in reducing external genital lesions in young men. Although the protective efficacy of HPV vaccination in men has not yet been fully established-pending the outcome of public policy discussions and cost-efficacy studies-there may be a strong rationale for vaccinating boys, similar to girls, at an early age when they have had limited or no prior sexual activity.

HPV vaccine could prevent genital warts in women and men

HPV vaccine could prevent genital warts in women and men

The Epidemiological and Economic Impact of a Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine (6/11/16/18) in the UK

This cost-utility analysis adapted a mathematical model previously developed in the United States to assess the public health impact of a quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine for application in the United Kingdom. The vaccine, made up of HPV subtypes 6, 11, 16, and 18, was intended to prevent cervical cancer, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 and 3 (CIN2/3), CIN1, and genital warts. The study population included females and males 12 years of age or older who resided in the UK. Four strategies of female vaccination were compared: routine vaccination at age 12, and routine vaccination at age 12 combined with temporary catch-up vaccination at ages 12–14, 12–17, or 12–24 years. The catch-up programs lasted 24 months. The prophylactic effectiveness of the vaccine against incident HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18 was assumed to be 90%. The model predicted that 100 years after introducing vaccination into the study population, all strategies reduced the number of HPV 6/11/16/18-related cervical cancer, CIN2/3, CIN1, and genital warts in women by 86%, 85%, 79%, and 89%, respectively. Over 25 years the most effective strategy was routine vaccination at age 12 years combined with a 12–24-year-old catch-up program. This approached lowered the cumulative number of cases of cervical cancer, CIN2/3, CIN1, and genital warts by 5,800, 146,000, 28,000, and 1.1 million, respectively. Based on quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), vaccinating girls and women 12–24 years of age had the highest cost-effectiveness ratio relative to vaccinating girls and women aged 12–17 years. Routinely vaccinating girls by age 12 years was the least effective strategy. These findings suggest that in the UK, a quadrivalent HPV vaccination program that includes catch-up vaccination is able to lower incidence rates of cervical cancer, CIN, and genital warts at a cost per QALY ratio within the range generally viewed as being cost effective.

An open-label phase II pilot study investigating the optimal duration of imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of external genital warts in women

Our objective was to determine the optimal duration of treatment with imiquimod for external genital warts over 4, 8, 12 or 16 weeks. A total of 120 women with a history of genital warts for a median of 3-6 months and prior alternative treatments in 73% were evaluated for total clearance rates. There was no statistically significant difference in complete clearance rates after 16-week follow-up across treatment groups: four weeks (40.0%), eight weeks (48.4%), 12 weeks (39.3%) and 16 weeks (51.6%). Imiquimod was well tolerated, and in those treated for four weeks there was a lower incidence of local skin reactions such as erythema and erosion, and no incidences of pain. These preliminary results suggest that a four-week treatment course of imiquimod applied thrice weekly for women with external genital warts may provide a reasonable approach with comparable efficacy and compliance, and minimal adverse events, drug costs and clinic visits.

Increased frequency of dosing of imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of external genital warts in women

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Uni ersity of Tennessee Medical Center at Knox ille, Knox ille, TN, USA Department of Pathology, Jewish General Hospital,, Quebec, Montreal, Canada Department of Medicine, Indiana Uni ersity School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana Uni ersity School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA Department of Pathology, Indiana Uni ersity School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA

Female genital warts: global trends and treatments.

The increasing incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and HPV-associated conditions such as genital warts in women is a global concern. Genital warts are a clinical manifestation of HPV types 6 and 11, and are estimated to affect 1% of sexually active adults aged between 15 and 49. HPV infection is also strongly associated with cervical cancer, and is prevalent in as many as 99% of cases. The psychological stress of having genital warts is often greater than the morbidity of the disease, and therefore successful treatment is crucial. Current treatments are patient-applied and provider-administered therapies. Imiquimod 5% cream, a patient-applied therapy, is an efficacious treatment with tolerable side-effects and a low recurrence rate, and has the potential to be an effective strategy for the management of genital warts.

P313 Treatment of genital warts in women with human leukocyte interferon-α versus recombinant interferon-a in cream — A placebo-controlled, double-blind, comparative study

P313 Treatment of genital warts in women with human leukocyte interferon-α versus recombinant interferon-a in cream — A placebo-controlled, double-blind, comparative study

Factors associated with appropriate physician management of sexually transmitted diseases in an urban Canadian center.

To explore physicians' management of selected sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), because previous studies suggest that physicians' management practices could be improved. To determine the estimated annual incidence of STD seen by family/general practitioners (FPs), gynecologists (GYNs) and urologists (UROLs), adequacy of STD management practices, and any associations with demographic and other characteristics. A self-administered questionnaire was mailed to GYNs, UROLs, and a random sample of FPs in Hamilton, Ontario. Eighty-one of 102 (79.4%) FPs, 27 of 32 (84.4%) GYNs, and 7 of 8 (87.5%) UROLs responded. Vaginitis, male urethritis, and genital warts in women were the most frequently observed STDs. The treatment of bacterial vaginosis and pelvic inflammatory disease were most frequently at variance with published guidelines. Deficiencies exist in physicians' management of both common and potentially serious STD problems.

Assesment of self application of four topical agents on genital warts in women

Aim To evaluate the effectiveness of topical medical therapy in women affected by HPV vulvoperineal warts, comparing four agents: Podophillotoxin 0.5% solution, 5% topical 5-FU cream, α-IFN cream and β-IFN cream.Methods One hundred thirty-four women with untreated vulvoperineal warts were enrolled. After colposcopic, cytological and histological assessment of HPV changes, the women affected were divided into four groups and treated by self-application of one of the following agents: Podophillotoxin 0.5% solution, 5% topical 5-FU cream, α-IFN cream, and β-IFN cream.Results A 71.8% CR (complete recovery) was reported by patients in the Podophillotoxin therapy group; a 50% CR in the 5% topical 5-FU cream group; a 27% CR in the α-IFN group; and lastly a 34.2% CR in the β-IFN cream group (P < 0.001).Conclusions The role of topical medical therapy of vulvoperineal warts remains limited in effectiveness, but the use of 5% topical 5-FU and Podophyllotoxin, showed better efficacy compared to IFN. The results obtained were unchanged after one year follow-up, showing that Podophyllotoxin and 5% topical 5-FU can be considered a valid therapeutic strategy.

Assesment of self application of four topical agents on genital warts in women

AbstractAim To evaluate the effectiveness of topical medical therapy in women affected by HPV vulvoperineal warts, comparing four agents: Podophillotoxin 0.5% of solution. 5% topical 5‐FU cream. α‐IFN cream anc β‐IFN cream.Methods One hundred thirty‐four women with untreated vulvoperineal warts were enrolled. After colposcopic, cytological and histological assessment of HPV changes, the women affected were divided into four groups and treated by self‐application of one of the following agents: Podophillotoxin 0.5% solution, 5% topical 5‐FU cream. α‐IFN cream, and β‐IFN cream.Results A 71.8% CR (complete recovery) was reported by patients in the Podophilloloxin therapy group; a 50% CR in the 5%‐ topical 5‐FU cream group; a 27% CR in the α‐IFN group: and lastly a 34.2% CR in the β‐IFN cream group (P &lt; 0.001).Conclusions The role of topical medical therapy of vulvoperineal warts remains limited in effectiveness, but the use of 5r/r topical 5‐FU and Podophyllotoxin, showed better efficacy compared to IFN. The results obtained were unchanged after one year follow‐up, showing that Podophylloloxin and 5% topical 5‐FU can be considered a valid therapeutic strategy.

Topical treatment of venereal warts: a comparative open study of podophyllotoxin cream versus solution

Podophyllotoxin solution (0.5%) is licensed for use in the treatment of condylomata acuminata (genital warts) in men in a number of European countries. In some countries, approval also extends to treatment of genital warts in women. This controlled randomized prospective study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a cream formulation of podophyllotoxin at 2 concentrations (0.15% and 0.3%), using 0.5% podophyllotoxin solution as a reference treatment. Two separate studies were initiated, to assess the 3 treatment groups in (a) male patients, and (b) female patients. Statistical evaluation was based on a "response rate' calculated at each clinic visit. The mean "response rates' in the male patient study at 4 weeks were 75.1%, 79.0% and 85.6% in the 0.15% cream, 0.3% cream and 0.5% solution groups, respectively. The corresponding "response rates' for the female patient study were 86.2%, 92.6%, and 93.1%, respectively. The relapse rates for both male and female patients were 6.0% in the 0.15% cream group, 8.6% in the 0.3% cream group and 8.6% in the 0.5% solution group. The results show that there were no statistically significant differences between the 3 treatments with regard to both efficacy and safety. This was true for both the male and female patient groups.

Is oral contraceptive associated with genital warts?

To measure the association between oral contraceptive use and the prevalence of genital warts in women. Cross sectional case control study comparing oral contraceptive use in women with and without genital warts attending a city centre genitourinary medicine clinic controlling for recent sexual activity, the presence of other sexually transmitted infections, socio-economic class and history of pregnancy using a multivariate logistic regression model. After controlling for potential confounding variables women with genital warts were significantly more likely to be current users of the oral contraceptive pill (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2.2). The study suggests that women taking the oral contraceptive may be at increased risk of presenting with genital warts. Previously published papers provide some support for this hypothesis and potential biological mechanisms are discussed.

Management of genital warts in women with human leukocyte interferon-? vs. podophyllotoxin in cream: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, comparative study

The purpose of this double-blind, placebo-controlled, comparative study was to evaluate the specific clinical efficacy and tolerance of human leukocyte interferon-alpha (2 x 10(6) IU/g) and podophyllotoxin 0.5% incorporated in a hydrophilic cream to cure genital warts. Preselected Asian women (n = 60) aged 18-40 years (mean 22.9), with a clinical and biopsy-confirmed diagnosis of genital warts, harboring 322 lesions (mean 5.36) were randomly assigned to three parallel groups to receive one of the two test drugs or placebo. Each patient received a precoded tube (40 g) containing either human leukocyte interferon-alpha, podophyllotoxin, or identically appearing placebo cream for 3 days' usage. In addition to written instructions, each subject was shown how to apply a minimal amount of trial medication on their lesions thrice daily for 3 consecutive days per week (maximum nine topical applications per week). Patients were examined on a weekly basis, and a cure was considered to be a biopsy-confirmed, total elimination of a lesion. Moreover, patients cured during the study period were spared further therapy, and were requested to return in 16 weeks to monitor for the occurrence of a relapse. The remaining patients' empty tubes were collected, and similarly precoded replacement tubes were given to continue the treatment; a total of 214 tubes were used. The study was scheduled for 16 weeks with 4 weeks of active treatment. Individuals were excluded from the study due to pregnancy, breast feeding, or the receiving of any type of antiviral therapy during the 4 weeks preceding enrollment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Interferon-?? cream treats genital warts in women

Interferon-?? cream treats genital warts in women

Study of STD clinic attenders in England and Wales, 1978. 2. Patterns of diagnosis.

A study of diagnostic patterns in patients attending sexually transmitted disease clinics in England and Wales during 1978 showed that homosexuals contributed 10% of all male cases but 15% of gonococcal infections. In heterosexual and homosexual men only 6% of disease episodes included more than one positive diagnosis compared with 16% in women. One or more diseases occurred concurrently in over 30% of cases of gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis, candidosis, genital herpes, and genital warts in women. Men with multiple episodes of disease contributed a disproportionate number of gonococcal infections but were less likely to have candidosis or genital herpes than patients with only one disease episode. Thus, counting cases treated appears to be an inadequate way of measuring the problems caused by STDS. To enable more rapid identification of the diseases which are the most difficult to control, STD statistics should include the sexual orientation of male patients and differentiate between genuine "new" attenders at clinics and those previously seen.