Warp Sizing Research Articles

Cotton waste research follows the effect of pre-treatment and the observation of physical appearance

This paper aims to evaluate the waste cotton quality and its commercialization. The recycled cotton demand seems to be increased day by day: although the lower quality of the resulting items is the biggest barrier to cotton recycling. A thorough analysis of recycled cotton processes is therefore necessary from separation/shredding to completion. To that end, textile wastes made of pre-consumer cotton were systematically collected from the spinning mill. After pretreatment of cotton waste cellulose by caustic soda, alkali, and detergent in 100°C temperature for 30 minutes have produced white clean cotton. Following the next process by sodium hydroxide and isopropyl alcohol must produce Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC). CMC has big use in Textile printing, finishing, and warp sizing even in Ice-cream and food baking industry. Recent success stories will be addressed with the steady cotton processing to altering the properties of cell wall cotton and cotton fiber. The prospects of conducting experiments of waste cotton and checking the properties of treated cotton have a great value in the production of commercial products and the results relived that the value addition of waste cotton is a very easy method.

Evaluation of the synergistic effect of acetylation and poly(acrylic acid‐co‐2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate) branches on irradiated‐cornstarch for polyester warp sizing

AbstractStarch‐based materials have received great attention for textile warp sizing due to their high modification potentiality, low cost, and biodegradability. However, the brittleness of starch film and low compatibility with polyester has made it challenging to withstand the friction of modern high‐speed weaving machinery. To overcome such drawbacks, a series of irradiated‐cornstarch acetate‐g‐poly (acrylic acid‐co‐2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate) samples with different grafting ratios were designed and prepared in this study. Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy were employed to characterize the structural properties. The prepared starches were cooked for sizing on the roving and spun yarn, for the film formation. The adhesion was evaluated by measuring the bonding force of starch to roving fibers, the abrasion resistance of sized polyester yarn, and water dispersion. Whereas the film properties were investigated in terms of tensile strength, elongation, hydrophilicity, and moisture regain from the air. Results revealed that esterification‐grafting can significantly improve adhesion and film mechanical properties. The enhancement of abrasion resistance reached to 262%. With the increase of grafting ratio, hydratability, water dispersion, and elongation of the film increased, twice as high as that of irradiated‐cornstarch (IS). Desizability was above 88%, reaching the industry standard. The improvement in the warp sizing performance demonstrated that combining acetylation with hydrophilic branches is an effective strategy for the development of high‐performance starch sizing materials.

Incorporation of poly(sodium allyl sulfonate) branches on corn starch chains for enhancing its sizing properties: Viscosity stability, adhesion, film properties and desizability

The purpose of this work was to examine the influence of poly(sodium allyl sulfonate) (PSAS) branches on sizing properties of biological macromolecule (corn starch) for exploring a new anionic starch graft copolymer size (S-g-PSAS). Successful synthesis of S-g-PSAS samples was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. Viscosity stability, adhesion, film properties and desizability of the samples were also investigated. Compared with HS, improved adhesion to cotton and viscose fibers, viscosity stability and desizability for S-g-PSAS as well as enhanced breaking elongation and bending endurance for S-g-PSAS film were exhibited. With the rise in grafting ratio, bonding forces to both fibers, viscosity stability and desizability of S-g-PSAS and its film properties such as breaking elongation and bending endurance, were gradually enhanced. These results indicated that S-g-PSAS showed potential for the use as a new starch-based size in the sizing of cotton and viscose warps.

Cross-linking/sulfonation to improve paste stability, adhesion and film properties of corn starch for warp sizing

To investigate the influence of cross-linking/sulfonation on the viscosity stability, adhesion, film properties and desizability of corn starch for ameliorating its end-use ability in application of warp sizing, a series of itaconic acid cross-linked and sulfonated starch (IACLSS) samples with different levels of cross-linking (LCL) and degrees of substitution (DS) were synthesized by the cross-linking of acid-converted starch (ACS) with itaconic acid (IA) and subsequent sulfonation with NaHSO3. The apparent viscosity and viscosity stability were determined and adhesion was evaluated using a standardized method (FZ/T 15,001–2008). Film properties were also estimated in terms of tensile strength, breaking elongation, bending endurance, and moisture regain and the desizability of the IACLSS samples was investigated by measuring the time required to break the films in hot water. The experimental results showed that cross-linking/sulfonation was capable of improving the viscosity stability of cooked starch paste, enhancing the adhesion of starch to cotton and polyester fibers, increasing breaking elongation, bending endurance and moisture regain of starch film as well as decreasing its tensile strength, thereby stabilizing paste viscosity, ameliorating the adhesion to fibers and diminishing film brittleness. In addition, modification could reduce the time required to break the films in 80 °C water, indicating that modification favored the desizing of starch in hot water. Increasing sulfonation levels whilst decreasing the LCL values favored improvement in stability and desizability, enhancement in the adhesion to cotton and polyester fibers, and decrease in brittleness. The IACLSS showed potential in the applications of cotton and polyester sizing.

Preparation, characterization of feather protein-g-poly(sodium allyl sulfonate) and its application as a low-temperature adhesive to cotton and viscose fibers for warp sizing

Fulfilling high-valued utilization of feather wastes will favor overcoming environmental issues and promoting the poultry farmers’ income. This study developed a new bio-based protein sizing agent [feather protein-g-poly(sodium allyl sulfonate) (FP-g-PSAS)] with high adhesion capacity to viscose and cotton fibers at low temperature, through graft copolymerization of feather protein with SAS monomer by building an ammonium persulfate (APS)/SH groups (on the protein chains) redox system. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (EDS) demonstrated the successful preparation of FP-g-PSAS samples. The samples were also characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric (TG) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Viscosity, water-solubility, light transmittance and adhesion of the samples were investigated. The FP-g-PSAS exhibited high water-solubility and light transmittance. Compared with feather protein, an increased viscosity and an improved adhesion to both fibers for FP-g-PSAS samples were exhibited at 60 °C. With the rises in grafting ratios, viscosity and adhesion strengths to both fibers gradually increased. The FP-g-PSAS samples had the similar adhesion strengths in comparison with the modified starches investigated in our previous works. These results indicated that FP-g-PSAS showed the potential in the application of viscose and cotton warp sizing at a low temperature of 60 °C.

Introduction of poly(acrylic acid) branch onto acetate starch for polyester warp sizing

To investigate the effects of hydrophilic poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) branches grafted onto the backbones of acetate starch on the sizing performance, a series of acetate starch-g-poly(acrylic acid) (AS-g-PAA) with different grafting ratio of 6.71–10.04% were prepared by graft copolymerization in an aqueous medium. The effect of grafting conditions on grafting ratio and efficiency were investigated. The adhesion was evaluated by measuring the bonding force of starch to the fibers and the abrasion resistance of sized polyester yarn, whereas the film properties were investigated in terms of tensile strength, breaking elongation, degree of crystallinity, and swelling capacity. It was confirmed that the PAA branch can effectively improve the adhesion ability of acetate starch to polyester fibers, film mechanical characters, and also enhance the abrasion resistance of polyester yarns to 148.9%. The degree of crystallinity of the acetate starch film was decreased which led to mitigate the brittleness of film. The SEM observations confirm that the fibers in the yarn fit snugly together after sizing. The AS-g-PAA showed great potentiality for the application in polyester warp sizing.

Perylene-Based Fluorescent Sizing Agent for Precise Evaluation of Permeability and Coating Property of Sizing Paste

Warp sizing is considered as the most important process of weaving preparation in the textile field. The quality of sized warp yarns is directly determined by the permeation and coating of sizing paste into/on warp yarns. However, many significant flaws of the current method of permeability and coating property of sizing paste, such as low accuracy and narrow variety adaptability for sizing agents and warp yarns, have emerged in the evaluation process. In order to eliminate the inherent flaws in the current method, the investigation chose chitosan (CS) as a representative of common sizing agents, introduced various amounts of perylene units onto molecular chains of the CS, and prepared a new functional sizing agent—fluorescent CS with different labeling degrees of perylene. Furthermore, PVA-perylene was synthesized to evaluate the permeability and coating property of PVA sizing paste. Then, three indexes to indicate the permeability and coating property of sizing paste, i.e. permeation percentage, coating percentage and integrity percentage of sizing film, were evaluated using the CS-perylene and PVA-perylene derivatives prepared. Due to the fluorescence emitted by the perylene units, the three indexes can be determined accurately and conveniently depending on only fluorescent microscope and common image processing software. The investigation efficiently solves the difficult problem of evaluating permeation and coating property of the pastes of both bio-based and petroleum-based sizing agents with appropriate degrees of labeling and has a significant guiding function on accurate determination of the quality of sized yarns.

Effect of hyperbranched poly(citric polyethylene glycol) with different polyethylene glycol chain length on starch sizing and compatibility with blended yarns

ABSTRACTBlend of starch and water‐soluble polyester has been widely used in warp sizing because of its good film‐forming, biodegradability, and adhesion to polyester/cotton blended yarns (T/C). In this study, a series of hyperbranched polyesters poly(citric polyethylene glycol) (PCPEG) with varied chain length of polyethylene glycol (PEG) were prepared with citric acid and PEG at molar ratio of 1:3 and 150 °C for 3 h in vacuum and characterized by Fourier transformed infrared, gel permeation chromatography, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. PCPEG blended maize starch (PCPEG/MS) as sizing agent of T/C 80/20 and effects of PEG chain length of PCPEG on the property of the blending sizing agent were studied. Results indicated PCPEG could improve the compatibility between starch and T/C 80/20 and the optimum content of PCPEG as blended sizing agent was 8%. PCPEG not only decreased apparent viscosity of MS paste but also increased viscosity stability of the paste. In addition, with increase of PEG chain length of PCPEG, viscosity stability of PCPEG/MS paste increased, but the value of all adhesion performances of T/C 80/20 after sizing decreased. Long chain of PEG is not good for compatibility between PCPEG and starch. The starch blending PCPEG has potential applications in sizing blended yarns in textile industry. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48928.

Influence of electrolytes and hydroxypropylsulfonation on paste stability of cassava starch/polyvinyl alcohol blend sizes for warp sizing

The aim of this research was to ascertain the influences of electrolytes and hydroxypropylsulfonation on paste stabilities of cassava starch/polyvinyl alcohol blend sizes. The hydroxypropylsulfonated cassava starch was prepared via hydroxypropylsulfonation of hydrolyzed cassava starch with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl sulfonic acid sodium in an aqueous medium. The stability was evaluated by measuring the initial demixing time. Before and after the addition of the electrolytes such as NaH2PO4, Na2SO4, and NaCl, the initial demixing time was 24, 20, 18, and 15 min for hydroxypropylsulfonated cassava starch/PVA1799 paste and 21, 17, 15, and 14 min for hydrolyzed cassava starch/PVA1799 one. This showed that the electrolytes accelerated the separation rates of hydroxypropylsulfonated cassava starch/polyvinyl alcohol blend pastes and hydrolyzed cassava starch/polyvinyl alcohol ones, thereby reducing the stability, and the acceleration followed the order: NaH2PO4 > Na2SO4 > NaCl. Increasing the concentration of electrolyte accelerated the separation rate and lowered the stability. The hydroxypropylsulfonation was able to reduce the separation rate and enhance paste stability. When the weight percentage of starch was fixed, with the rise in the degree of substitution from 0.011 to 0.029, the initial demixing time gradually increased, indicating the gradual decreases in the separation rates, thereby promoting the enhancement in the stability. Moreover, PVA0588 was lower than PVA1799 and PVA1788 in affecting the separation rate, which implied that polyvinyl alcohol with a lower degree of polymerization favored to promote the stability.

Adhesion of cornstarch-g-poly (2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) to cotton fibers in sizing

A range of starch-g-poly (2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) (S-g-PHEA) with different grafting ratio was prepared by graft copolymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) onto granular cornstarch using ammonium cerium nitrate as initiator. The adhesive ability of the sizes to cotton fibers, film properties, and desizing ability of HEA branch grafted onto starch were investigated. The effects of grafting conditions (such as reaction time, temperature, HEA and initiator concentration, etc.) on grafting ratio and efficiency were investigated. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was employed to characterize the complexes of S-g-PHEA. The effect of grafting ratio on the sizing properties of grafted starch was studied by testing the ability of the grafted starch to adhere to cotton fiber and film properties. It was confirmed that the HEA branch can effectively improve the adhesion ability of starch to cotton fibers, improves the flexibility of the starch film while reduces the brittleness, and enhances the abrasion resistance of the yarns (the highest enhancement ratio up to 225.71%). An increase in the grafting ratio facilitates the adhesion to the cotton fibers while making the desizing difficult. The desizing efficiency was high when the grafting ratio was less than 10%, which lead to easy access to desizing and then fewer residues have remained, and at the same time, good sizing performance is maintained, which indicates that the S-g-PHEA possesses the application potential of cotton warp sizing.

Effects of Molecular Structure of Carboxyl-Containing Vinyl Monomers on Sizing Properties of Feather Keratin Graft Copolymer

In order to study the effects of molecular structure of carboxyl-containing vinyl monomers on application performance of feather keratin (FK) graft copolymer for warp sizing, three kinds of carboxyl acids, i.e. acrylic acid (AA), methacrylic acid (MAA), and itaconic acid (IA), were grafted onto molecular chains of FK through initiation of K2S2O8-NaHSO3 redox system. FK-g-PAA, FK-g-PMAA, and FK-g-PIA with similar grafting ratios around 31 % were prepared as sizing agents. Major sizing properties of the three grafted keratins were studied in terms of water-solubility, apparent viscosity, contact angles of sizing paste on cotton fibers, mechanical properties of sizing film, and adhesion to fibers. It was found that sizing properties of the grafted FK strongly depended on molecular structure of the carboxyl-containing vinyl monomers. In view of overall performance of the grafted keratin sizes, the most appropriate carboxyl-containing vinyl monomer should be AA.

Alkyl Alcohols as Defoamers to Remove Foam Generated by Partially Alcoholyzed Polyvinyl Alcohol for Warp Sizing

Alkyl alcohols were evaluated as defoamers to eliminate the foam produced by partially alcoholyzed polyvinyl alcohol (PAPVA) according to their defoaming ability and actual influence on adhesion to fibers, film properties, and desizability. The alcohols considered included 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, 1-heptanol, 1-octanol, 1-nonanol, 1-decanol, isooctyl alcohol, and 2-octanol. The impact of alkyl alcohols on defoaming performance was examined and an acceptable dose of 1-octanol was determined. Results showed that defoaming ability, adhesion to fibers, and film behaviors depended on the alkyl group and dose of alcohols used. Straight alcohols were superior to the branched ones tested in defoaming ability and properties. Generally, 1-octanol was the best defoamer of the selected alcohols. Excessive increases in alkyl length and dose induced poor defoaming and damaged the adhesion and film behaviors.

Effects of graft modification on apparent viscosity, adhesion, and film properties of sesbania gum for warp sizing

In order to solve such utilization problems as excessively high apparent viscosity of sizing paste and poor adhesion to polyester fibers, caused by macromolecular inherent defects of native sesbania gum (SG), various amounts of methyl acrylate (MA) monomers were grafted onto molecular chains of native SG through initiation of Fenton's reagent and a series of SG-g-PMA with different grafting ratios were prepared. Effects of the graft modification on sizing properties of SG-g-PMA were studied in terms of apparent viscosity, contact angle of sizing paste on polyester fibers, water-solubility, mechanical properties of sizing film, adhesion to polyester fibers, and tensile properties of sized polyester warp yarns. It was found that the graft modification for SG was a simple and effective method to improve its sizing properties for polyester yarns and to omit specific viscosity reduction procedure used commonly for SG at present. In view of overall performance of SG-g-PMA sizes, the appropriate grafting ratio should be 18.70%.

Influence of hydroxypropylsulfonation on adhesion-to-fibers and film properties of corn starch

The objective of this work was to investigate the influence of hydroxypropylsulfonation on the adhesion-to-fibers and film properties of starch for improving its end-use ability in warp sizing. A series of hydroxypropylsulfonated corn starch (HPSS) with different degrees of substitution (DS) were synthesized by the reaction of granular corn starch with 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt (CHPS-Na) in an alkaline aqueous medium. The adhesion was accessed by determining the tensile force of starch to cotton fibers according to a standard method (FZ/T 15001-2008), while film properties were estimated in terms of breaking elongation, tensile strength, degree of crystallinity, and moisture regain. In addition, desizability of HPSS was also evaluated by measuring the time interval required to break the film in water. The estimation was undertaken through the comparison of HPSS with ACS. Compared with ACS, HPSS exhibited stronger tensile force, higher breaking elongation and moisture regain of the film, and lower tensile strength, degree of crystallinity and time required to break the film in water. Therefore, hydroxypropylsulfonation was able to improve the adhesion, reduce film brittleness, and enhance the desizability. The increase in the hydroxypropylsulfonation level favored the increase in adhesion, reduction of film brittleness, and enhancement in desizability. Based on the results, HPSS prepared with a DS range of 0.03 ∼ 0.041 showed the potential for the application of sizing cotton warp yarns.

Amphipathic Starch with Phosphate and Octenylsuccinate Substituents for Strong Adhesion to Cotton in Warp Sizing

The objectives of this work were to survey the effect of amphipathic modification of starch on the adhesion to cotton fibers for improving the adhesion of starch to cotton in warp sizing. The amphipathic starch (AS) with oleophilic octenylsuccinate and hydrophilic phosphate substituents was prepared by the phosphorylation with sodium tripolyphosphate (STP) followed by the octenylsuccinylation with 2-octenylsuccinic anhydride (OSA). Two series of AS samples with differential total degrees of substitution (DSt) and substituent ratios of phosphates to octenylsuccinates were evaluated by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, degree of substitution, adhesion to cotton and surface tension. The adhesion of the starch to fibers was investigated using a legal method (FZ/T 15001-2008). The FTIR spectra revealed that octenylsuccinates and phosphates have been attached to the backbones of the starch. The amphipathic modification of starch with STP and OSA was an effective method to enhance the adhesion of corn starch to cotton. The strong adhesion of the AS to cotton was attributed to the reduced surface tension arisen from oleophilic octenylsuccinate and hydrophilic phosphate substituents and increased steric hindrance of the substituents introduced onto starch. The investigation showed that the improvement in the adhesion of the starch after amphipathic modification could be buttressed by the tensile strength of cotton yarns sized with AS. It was found that the AS was desizable and showed satisfactory desizing efficiency in oxidant desizing. Based on the adhesion, reaction efficiencies, and desizability, the AS with a total DSt of 0.033 and a substituent ratio of DSp0.014/DSo0.032 showed potential for use in warp sizing.

Phosphorylation and Octenylsuccinylation of Acid‐Thinned Starch for Enhancing Adhesion on Cotton/Polyester Blend Fibers at Varied Temperature Sizing

In this study, amphiphilic starch prepared by phosphorylation and octenylsuccinylation is surveyed to identify its effect on the adhesion of starch to cotton/polyester blend fibers at different temperature. Acid‐thinned cornstarch (ATS) is phosphorylated and octenylsuccinylated with pentasodium triphosphate and 2‐octenylsuccinic anhydride, respectively, to improve upon adhesion to cotton/polyester blend fibers. Two series of amphiphilic starch samples with different levels of the substitution (DS) are derived for determining desirable level of starch modification in sizing. Amphiphilic starch paste shows strong adhesion to cotton/polyester blend fibers than ATS paste. It is found that the modification reduces the crystallinity, changed the morphology, improves moisture regain, alleviates the adverse influence of starch retrogradation, and improves adhesion to fibers and desizing efficiency. The adhesion of amphiphilic starch paste to cotton/polyester blend fibers at 60 °C is statistically higher than adhesion of ATS at 95 °C. The amphiphilic starch with a total DS of 0.06 shows the highest potential use for strong cotton/polyester blend warp sizing due to its good sizing properties.

Computational Benefit of GPU Optimization for the Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling

AbstractGlobal chemistry‐climate models are computationally burdened as the chemical mechanisms become more complex and realistic. Optimization for graphics processing units (GPU) may make longer global simulation with regional detail possible, but limited study has been done to explore the potential benefit for the atmospheric chemistry modeling. Hence, in this study, the second‐order Rosenbrock solver of the chemistry module of CAM4‐Chem is ported to the GPU to gauge potential speed‐up. We find that on the CPU, the fastest performance is achieved using the Intel compiler with a block interleaved memory layout. Different combinations of compiler and memory layout lead to ~11.02× difference in the computational time. In contrast, the GPU version performs the best when using a combination of fully interleaved memory layout with block size equal to the warp size, CUDA streams for independent kernels, and constant memory. Moreover, the most efficient data transfer between CPU and GPU is gained by allocating the memory contiguously during the data initialization on the GPU. Compared to one CPU core, the speed‐up of using one GPU alone reaches a factor of ~11.7× for the computation alone and ~3.82× when the data transfer between CPU and GPU is considered. Using one GPU alone is also generally faster than the multithreaded implementation for 16 CPU cores in a compute node and the single‐source solution (OpenACC). The best performance is achieved by the implementation of the hybrid CPU/GPU version, but rescheduling the workload among the CPU cores is required before the practical CAM4‐Chem simulation.

Tertiary Amination/Hydroxypropylsulfonation of Cornstarch to Improve the Adhesion-to-Fibers and Film Properties for Warp Sizing

To investigate the effects of tertiary amination/hydroxypropylsulfonation on the adhesion-to-fibers and film properties of corn starch for warp sizing, a series of tertiary aminated and hydroxypropylsulfonated corn starch (TAHPSS) samples were prepared by the tertiary amination and hydroxypropylsulfonation of acid-hydrolyzed corn starch (AHS) with 2- dimethylaminoethyl chloride hydrochloride (DMC-HCl) and 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt (CHPS-Na) simultaneously. The adhesion was evaluated by measuring the bonding force of starch to the fibers. The film properties were investigated in terms of tensile strength, breaking elongation, degree of crystallinity, and moisture regain. The results showed that tertiary amination/hydroxypropylsulfonation was able to increase bonding forces of starch to cotton and polyester fibers, enhance breaking elongation and moisture regain of the starch film and to decrease the tensile strength and degree of crystallinity of the film, thereby improving the adhesion and reducing film brittleness. Increasing the level of tertiary amination/hydroxypropylsulfonation was favorable for gradually improving the adhesion and decreasing the brittleness. The TAHPSS showed potential for use in cotton warp sizing.

GPU parallel simulation algorithm of Brownian particles with excluded volume using Delaunay triangulations

A novel parallel simulation algorithm on the GPU, implemented in CUDA and C++, is presented for the simulation of Brownian particles that display excluded volume repulsion and interact with long and short range forces. When an explicit Euler–Maruyama integration step is performed to take into account the pairwise forces and Brownian motion, particle overlaps can appear. The excluded volume property brings up the need for correcting these overlaps as they happen, since predicting them is not feasible due to the random displacement of Brownian particles. The proposed solution handles, at each time step, a Delaunay triangulation of the particle positions because it allows us to efficiently solve overlaps between particles by checking just their neighborhood. The algorithm starts by generating a periodic Delaunay triangulation of the particle initial positions on CPU, but after that the triangulation is always kept on GPU memory. We used a parallel edge-flip implementation to keep the triangulation updated during each time step, checking previously that the triangulation was not rendered invalid due to the particle displacements. We designed and implemented an exact long range force simulation with an all-pairs N-body simulation, tiling the particle interaction computations based on the warp size of the target device architecture. The resulting implementation was validated with two models of active colloidal particles, also showing a speedup of up to two orders of magnitude when compared to a sequential implementation. A short range forces simulation using Verlet lists for neighborhood handling was also developed and validated, showing similar performance improvements.

Double etherification of corn starch to improve its adhesion to cotton and polyester fibers

In order to investigate the impact of double etherification on the adhesion to fibers and desizability of corn starch, a series of doubly etherified corn starch (DES) with the total degree of substitution (DS) values of 0.014–0.034 were prepared by simultaneous quaternization and sulfonation of acid-converted corn starch (ACS) with N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CHPTMA) and 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt (CHPS-Na). The influence of double etherification on the adhesion of starch to cotton and polyester fibers was evaluated. It was found that etherification was able to increase the tensile strengths of starch to the fibers, and the strengths gradually increased as the etherification levels rose. Moreover, etherification was capable of displaying a positive effect on the desizability of starch as determined by measurements of swelling capacity of DES films and the time required to break the films. Etherification also enhanced the paste stability and moisture regain of the films. The DES with a total DS value of 0.034 showed potential for ameliorating the adhesion of starch to cotton and polyester fibers for warp sizing.